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63-482: The zoo holds about 70 species, though not all of these are on display at any given time. The main path is about a mile long, and winds past the main animal exhibits through the tropical garden first planted in 1919. Primates in the zoo are housed on islands in one of the lakes created by Fleischmann, and can be viewed from guided catamarans when visitors take the Primate Expedition Cruise. The zoo

126-645: A 16–22 month interbirth interval. The newborn guereza relies on its mother for support and must cling to her. As they grow older, infants can move on their own but keep returning to their mothers. The infants take up most of the attention in the groups. The other females in a group may handle an infant although the latter are only comfortable with their mothers. The males normally do not pay much attention to infants until they are four to five weeks old. Infants can eat solid food at about eight to nine weeks and by fifty weeks they are fully weaned and no longer need to hold on to their mothers. The most notable vocalization of

189-693: A conference in September, one of the largest zoo and aquarium professionals' events in the US. AZA also manages the citizen science program FrogWatch USA . In the United States, any public animal exhibit must be licensed and inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture , United States Environmental Protection Agency , Drug Enforcement Administration , Occupational Safety and Health Administration , and others. Depending on

252-551: A distinctive appearance, which is alluded to in its name; the long white fringes of hair that run along each side of its black trunk are known as a mantle. Its face is framed with white hair and it has a large white tail tuft. The mantled guereza is diurnal and arboreal , found in both deciduous and evergreen forests . It is an adaptable species that can cope with habitat disturbance and prefers secondary forest close to rivers or lakes. Although previously thought to eat only leaves, it also eats seeds, fruits, and arthropods . It

315-417: A female's resources. It is the males that participate in agonistic inter-group encounters but female may do so as well. Aggressive encounters between groups usually involve chases, displays and vocalizations rather than physical contact. The mantled guereza has a polygynous harem -based mating system. Mating solicitations are made by both males and females, half of the time for each. To solicit mating,

378-405: A free app that shows them which products are better for these endangered species. Lake Victoria contains several islands that are home to the zoo's primates, including ring-tailed lemurs , red ruffed lemurs , collared lemurs , black-handed spider monkeys , buff-cheeked gibbons , siamangs and eastern black-and-white colobuses . Visitors can see these islands can be viewed up close by taking

441-561: A handful in eleven other countries. In October 1924 the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums was formed as an affiliate of the American Institute of Park Executives. In 1966, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums became a professional branch affiliate of the newly formed National Recreation and Park Association , which absorbed the American Institute of Park Executives. In

504-409: A large, multi-chambered stomach that contains bacteria in certain areas. Like most colobines, it prefers foods with high fiber content that can be easily extracted with its specialized stomach. The mantled guereza is mostly preyed on by the crowned hawk-eagle , but it is also eaten by other birds of prey such as Verreaux's eagle . The common chimpanzee is known to hunt the guereza. The leopard

567-472: A personal project of botanist Henry Nehrling , who purchased the land in 1919 to protect his plant collection, which had taken heavy damage during a 1917 freeze at his original garden in central Florida. After his death in 1929, the gardens were neglected for over two decades. They were reopened in 1954, this time to the public and as "Caribbean Gardens," by Julius Fleischmann, Jr. At the time they were described as being "just north of Naples." The conversion to

630-552: A pool where visitors can feed the fish. Panther exhibit is home to Athena, a Florida panther . She was found in Big Cypress National Preserve after being left behind by her mother. After attempts to reunite the kitten with her mother failed, she was brought to Naples Zoo at less than a month old. She regained her health and can be seen daily. As panthers need to spend at least 6 months with their mother to learn how to survive, she cannot be returned to

693-404: A token collection and, under the direction of a professional staff, provides its collection with appropriate care and exhibits them in an aesthetic manner to the public on a regularly scheduled basis. They shall further be defined as having as their primary business the exhibition, conservation and preservation of the earth's fauna in an educational and scientific manner." To achieve accreditation,

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756-408: A zoo must pass an application and inspection process and meet or exceed AZA's standards for animal health and welfare, fundraising, zoo staffing, and involvement in global conservation efforts. Inspection is performed by three experts (typically one veterinarian, one expert in animal care, and one expert in zoo management and operations) and then reviewed by a panel of twelve experts before accreditation

819-515: A zoo started in 1967, when Col. Lawrence and Nancy Jane Tetzlaff, known as Jungle Larry and Safari Jane, visited the Gardens while looking for somewhere to house their collection of rare animals during the winter. Although the property was not available at the time, shortly after Fleischmann's death the Tetzlaffs were contacted about displaying their animals within the garden, and it was opened with

882-407: Is able to digest plant material with a high fibre content with its specialised stomach and may only eat from a few plant species at a time. It is preyed on by birds of prey and some mammals, such as the common chimpanzee and the leopard . The mantled guereza lives in social groups of three to fifteen individuals. These groups normally include a dominant male, several females, and the offspring of

945-663: Is also threatened by hunting for bushmeat and for its skin. The mantled guereza has many alternative common names including the guereza, the eastern black-and-white colobus, the magistrate colobus, or the Abyssinian black-and-white colobus. The name "mantled" refers to its mantle, the long silky white fringes of hair that run along its body and "guereza" is the native name of the monkey in Ethiopia. The scientific name Colobus derives from Greek kolobus meaning "mutilated" which refers to its lack of thumbs. The mantled guereza

1008-447: Is an important part of mantled guereza interactions and mostly occurs between females. The adult males rarely groom in the groups. While not strictly territorial, mantled guereza groups can be aggressive towards each other. In some populations, groups may defend core areas (which exist as a small part of the home range ), resources, and mates. During intergroup encounters, males can engage in direct or indirect mate defense, like defending

1071-591: Is another possible predator. The mantled guereza lives in stable social groups usually containing three to fifteen members. The groups usually contain one male, several females and juveniles. In some populations, groups containing several males are common. In multi-male groups, males tend to be aggressive with one another with one being dominant. Some males may be expelled from these groups. Multi-male groups may contain father-son pairs or unrelated males. Males that are not part of groups either live solitarily or with other outside males in bachelor groups. The females keep

1134-710: Is awarded. This accreditation process is repeated once every five years. AZA estimates that there are approximately 2,800 animal exhibits operating under USDA license as of 2019; fewer than 10% are accredited. Certification is possible for facilities that hold animals, but are not regularly open to the public. AZA's Saving Animals From Extinction (SAFE) program prioritizes collaboration between zoos and aquariums to support highly vulnerable species. SAFE builds on existing recovery plans to implement strategic conservation and public engagement activities. In 2017, AZA member zoos and aquariums invested $ 15.6 million towards SAFE program species. The SAFE program signature species include

1197-630: Is home to a breeding pair of mountain bongo , a critically endangered antelope from the Mount Kenya area. Only 75 to 80 remain in the wild. Guests also see slender-horned gazelles . These light colored animals come from northern Africa where only 250 to 340 remain. Clouded Leopards has a breeding pair of clouded leopards . There is glass viewing and a nearby educational display offers guests information on how their purchases of snacks, cosmetics, and other household items can help or hurt clouded leopards, orangutans, tigers, and more. Guests can download

1260-560: Is in danger, females and sub-adults will squeak or scream. "Tongue-clicking" is made during mild aggression. In addition to vocalizations, the mantled guereza communicates with several different body postures and movements, displaying of fringe fur, facial expressions, and touches. Because it can live in both dry and gallery forests and move on the ground, the mantled guereza is less threatened than many other colobine species. The IUCN lists it as Least Concern because "although locally threatened in parts of its range, this widespread species

1323-564: Is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because it is widespread – although it is locally threatened in some areas, the decline is not great enough to list it in a higher category of threat. However, one subspecies found in Kenya is listed as Endangered . It can survive well in degraded forests and in some areas it is more common in logged areas than unlogged ones. The mantled guereza

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1386-696: Is nationally accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), and is an institutional member of the American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK). The garden itself is accredited by The Moreton Register of Arboreta and is a member of the American Public Garden Association and the Association of Zoological Horticulture. It is also a designated historic site by Collier County. The Naples Zoo began as

1449-714: Is not thought to be declining fast enough to place it in a higher category of threat." However, some of the subspecies are classified under different categories. The Mt Uaraguess guereza, C. g. percivali , is listed as Endangered due to its small range and its risk from hunting, while the Dodinga Hills guereza, C. g. dodingae , the Djaffa Mountains guereza, C. g. gallarum , and the Mau Forest guereza, C. g. matschiei are all listed as Data Deficient . The Dodinga Hills guereza has not been recorded since

1512-401: Is particularly common in forests close to rivers and lakes and at high elevations. It can be found in elevations as high as 3,300 metres (10,800 ft). This species prefers secondary forests and selects them over old-growth forests if given the choice. It is likely that the mantled guereza prefers these forests due to the increased number of food trees and the weaker chemical defenses of

1575-410: Is recognised in his 2007 Colobinae review paper, and by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessors Gippolliti and Butynski in 2008. The morphological difference between subspecies is most pronounced between the southeastern Kilimanjaro guereza, C. g. caudatus , and the northwestern western guereza, C. g. occidentalis . The intermediate subspecies show a gradual change between

1638-403: Is still commonly spelled fossas , although the preferred spelling is fosa with a single S to prevent confusion with another Malagasy civet whose scientific name is Fossa fossana.) Black Bear Hammock is home to American black bears , and consists of two separate habitats: one that simulates a natural environment and one that simulates a back yard. Viewing for both areas is from behind glass. It

1701-679: Is the largest black bear exhibit in an accredited zoo east of the Mississippi River. Tiger Forest provides a naturalistic bamboo forest habitat for the zoo's Malayan tigers . The Naples Zoo is a participating member of the AZA Species Survival Plan for this species. Backyard Habitat is a section of the gardens set aside and certified by the National Wildlife Federation in their Backyard Wildlife Habitat (BWH) program. It includes

1764-558: Is true, and some have no significant difference. The mantled guereza is distributed throughout Equatorial Africa . It ranges from Nigeria and Cameroon in the west to Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and northern Tanzania in the east. The mantled guereza lives in both deciduous and evergreen forests. It mainly inhabits forest and savannah woodlands and often extend into highland and montane forests . It can be found in other forest habitats, both primary and secondary, such as riparian (near fresh or brackish water), gallery , and upland forests. It

1827-460: The African lion , African species of vultures , Asian elephant , Atlantic Acropora coral, black-footed ferret , black rhinoceros , cheetah , eastern indigo snake , giraffe , gorilla , sea turtles , orangutan , radiated tortoise , red wolf , sharks , and sting rays , vaquita , western pond turtle , and whooping crane . There were more than 20 species or taxonomic groups included in

1890-476: The American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums , is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1924 and dedicated to the advancement of zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation , education, science, and recreation. AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland , and accredits zoos. There were 238 accredited facilities as of 2019, primarily in the US, and also

1953-699: The red colobi , and the olive colobi . There are three black-and-white colobi: the mantled guereza, Colobus guereza , the king colobus , C. polykomos , and the Angola colobus , C. angolensis . Groves lists seven subspecies of mantled guereza in Mammal Species of the World (MSW) (2005). The validity of the Djaffa Mountain guereza, C. g. gallarum , is uncertain, although not listed by Groves in MSW, it

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2016-424: The 15 to 20 minute Primate Expedition Cruise around the lake on one of the zoo's catamarans. The majority of the species on these islands are endangered in the wild. Lagoon Loop is home to the zoo's lions as well as nearby plains zebras . Giraffes showcases a herd of reticulated giraffes , where guests can hand-feed them for a fee. Fosas of Madagascar is home to this rare carnivore from Madagascar. (It

2079-407: The 1960s. Unlike most other primate species, the mantled guereza can survive habitat degradation and can even thrive in degraded forests. Sometimes, logging may increase the number of preferred food trees for the mantled guereza and it is more abundant in logged areas than unlogged ones. However, complete forest clearance causes dramatic declines in numbers. In Uganda complete forest clearings caused

2142-464: The AZA community's research. To be a member, a facility must either be accredited or certified. Accredited facilities maintain a professional staff and appropriate animal care, and are open to the public on a predictable basis. The following list is from 2013. Pier 39 Pier 3, Inner Harbor Pier 59 Certified facilities maintain a professional staff and appropriate animal care, but are not open to

2205-507: The Endangered Species Act. In 2017, member institutions reported participating in field conservation projects benefiting over 860 species in 128 countries. AZA zoos and aquariums spent $ 25 million on research and published 170 books, book chapters, journal articles, conference proceeding papers, posters and theses or dissertations. Animal care, health and welfare, followed by species and habitat conservation, describe 68% of

2268-620: The US and eleven other countries: Canada , Mexico , Bermuda , The Bahamas , the Dominican Republic , Colombia , Argentina , Spain , Hong Kong , Singapore , and South Korea . Approximately 800,000 animals representing 6,000 species are in the care of AZA-accredited facilities, including 1,000 threatened or endangered species. The association also facilitates both species survival plans and population management plans, which serve to sustainably manage genetically diverse captive populations of various animal species. AZA holds

2331-508: The animals in place on September 1, 1969. Although Larry Tetzlaff died in 1984, Nancy Jane Tetzlaff and her family carried on and continued to improve and expand the Zoo and gardens. The zoo was accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) in 2001. In 2002, the Fleischmann family that owned the land at the time decided that they wanted to sell it. The Tetzlaffs began trying to get

2394-788: The animals they exhibit, the activities of zoos are regulated by laws including the Endangered Species Act , the Animal Welfare Act , the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 and others. Additionally, zoos in North America may choose to pursue accreditation by AZA. The American association has developed a definition for zoological gardens and aquariums as part of its accreditation standards: "A permanent cultural institution which owns and maintains captive wild animals that represent more than

2457-418: The county to purchase the land, and the Fleischmann family waited to allow the community to act. In 2004, a referendum to purchase the land was approved by 73% of voters. In order to make the purchase easier, the Tetzlaffs made the Zoo a 501(c)(3) charitable organization and gave control to the newly established Naples Zoo Board of Directors in 2005. Today, under the leadership of President and CEO Jack Mulvena,

2520-438: The day. Foraging or travelling are the next most common activity. Sometime after dawn, mantled guereza groups leave their sleeping trees and will return to them at dusk. During the day, the mantled guereza has long rest periods in between periods of moving and feeding. Other activities, including grooming, greeting, playing and being vigilant, are performed to a lesser extent. Despite its reputation as an exclusive leaf-eater,

2583-416: The dispersed distribution of its food, the mantled guereza has a resident- egalitarian social structure. Female guerezas living in a group often have an egalitarian dominance style with no formalized rank relations. Relationships are relaxed and friendly with rare signals of dominance or subordinance. Physical aggression within the group is usually not harmful and rarely escalates into a conflict. Allogrooming

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2646-529: The fall of 1971, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums membership voted to become an independent association. On January 19, 1972, it was chartered as the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums with its executive office located in Wheeling, West Virginia , within the Oglebay Park Good Zoo . In 1994, the shorter name American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA)

2709-406: The female weighs between 7.8 and 9.2 kilograms (17 and 20 lb). The head and body length averages 61.5 centimetres (24.2 in) for males and 57.6 centimetres (22.7 in) for females. Like most colobi, the mantled guereza has a small thumb that is vestigial . There is dentition sexual dimorphism among the subspecies. In some, the males have larger teeth than females, in others the reverse

2772-553: The females. It has a polygynous mating system and copulation is initiated with vocal communication. After a gestation period of just over five months, infants are born with pink skin and white fur, which darkens to the adult coloration by three to four months. The mantled guereza is well known for its dawn chorus, the males' "roar" is a method of long-distance communication that reinforces territorial boundaries. It also makes other vocalization and uses body postures, movements, and facial expressions to communicate. The mantled guereza

2835-417: The groups cohesive and they are matrilineally related. They rarely disperse from their natal groups, except possibly when they break apart. Males on the other hand, usually leave when they become subadults or adults. They may start out being solitary and or in bachelor groups. They gain entry into a social group either by being on the periphery or displacing a group male. Because of its low quality diet and

2898-402: The leaf-eating monkeys, a group of Old World monkeys from Asia and Africa. This subfamily is split into three groups, the colobus monkeys of Africa, of which the mantled guereza is a part, the langurs, or leaf monkeys, of Asia, and an "odd-nosed" group. The African colobus monkeys are divided again by distinctions in color, behavior, and ecology. The three genera are the black-and-white colobi ,

2961-622: The mantled guereza is not an obligate folivore . While it mainly eats leaves and fruit, its diet is quite variable. It may eat bark, wood, seeds, flowers, petioles, lianas, aquatic-plants, arthropods, soil, and even concrete from buildings. The amount of each food item in its diet varies by area and time of year. Nutritional factors like protein, tannins, and sodium levels in leaves influence its food choices. It may even intermittently travel longer distances to access plants with higher levels of nutrition. Leaves usually make up over half of its diet, although fruits are occasionally eaten more depending on

3024-440: The mantled guereza is the "roar", which is made mainly at night or dawn by males. The sound of a roar can be carried for up to a mile. It is normally the dominant male who roars when there are multiple males in the group. Roars are used for long-distance communication and can regulate inter-group spacing without direct, physical contact while foraging. When one male starts roaring, neighboring males will start to roar as well. Often,

3087-577: The mantled guereza will respond to calls regardless of "caller identity," focusing more on the collective vocal displays and not the familiarity of the caller. There is variation in the roars of males which could signal the status of their group and fighting ability. With a roar, a male can advertise his body size; both actual and exaggerated. Other vocalizations are made as well. Males may snort, possibly as an alarm call. "Purrs" are made before group movements. Females and infants may "caw" when under mild distress. When in more serious distress, like if an infant

3150-408: The mantled guereza will walk near its potential partner and make low-intensity mouth clicks or tough-smacks. During copulation, the males hold on the female's ankles and body. Most matings take place between individuals of the same group but copulations outside of the group have been recorded. In multi-male groups, more than one male may mate with the females. The gestation period lasts 158 days with

3213-467: The program as of 2019. The association has a computerized database called the Annual Report on Conservation and Science . This helps track AZA research projects worldwide. AZA member zoos and aquariums contribute $ 220 million to conservation projects each year. They participate in 115 reintroduction programs, including more than 40 programs for species listed as threatened or endangered under

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3276-608: The public on a predictable basis. Eastern black-and-white colobus The mantled guereza ( Colobus guereza ), also known simply as the guereza , the eastern black-and-white colobus , or the Abyssinian black-and-white colobus , is a black-and-white colobus , a type of Old World monkey . It is native to much of west central and east Africa , including Cameroon , Equatorial Guinea , Nigeria , Ethiopia , Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda and Chad . The species consists of several subspecies that differ in appearance. It has

3339-423: The season. When foraging for leaves, the mantled guereza prefers young ones over old. With fleshy fruits, the mantled guereza prefers to eat them unripe, which may serve to reduce competition with primates that eat ripe fruits. It consumes a number of plant species but only some make up most of its diet at a specific site. Like all colobi, the mantled guereza is able to digest leaves and other plant fibers with

3402-402: The species within. The mantled guereza is sometimes found in swamps as well as human-made habitats such as Eucalyptus plantations, which may be frequented when the monkey has nutritional deficiencies. The mantled guereza is primarily arboreal , but does sometimes descend on the ground to forage and travel, perhaps more so than most other colobines. It is diurnal and rests for up to half

3465-579: The tail of C. g. guereza is gray until the white tail tuft which covers half of its length, while the tail tuft of C. g. caudatus makes up 80% of the tail. The mantle color ranges from white to cream or yellow. Its face is framed by white hair and it has bushy cheek hairs. The thigh has a white stripe. Infants are born with pink skin and white hair. The hair and skin darken as they age and by three to four months they attain adult coloration. Male usually gain their coloration before females. The male typically weighs 9.3 and 13.5 kilograms (21 and 30 lb) and

3528-461: The two. The mantled guereza has a distinctive pelage , which is mostly black, with long white fringes of silky hair—known as a mantle or ornamentation—along the sides of its body and tail. The bands that make up the mantle start at the shoulders and extend along the back until they connect at the lower torso. The tail is long and ends in a white tuft which varies in how much it covers the tail. These features vary in color among subspecies, for example

3591-468: The wild. The panther exhibit had originally been home to Uno, another florida panther, until his death in 2018. The big cat was found after having been shot between the eyes at close range and left for dead. He survived the ordeal by dining on road kill . After being nursed back to health he was brought to the zoo and put on exhibit in a recreation of what would be his local mostly wild habitat (mostly wetlands ). There are also other exhibits throughout

3654-400: The zoo cares for a growing number of critically endangered species, supports conservation efforts in the wild, and reaches over 350,000 guests a year. The Naples Zoo is laid out with one major loop about 1 mile long that winds through the botanical gardens past the main exhibits. The main exhibits, going clockwise around the main loop, include the following: Alligator Bay provides a home to

3717-617: The zoo for striped hyenas , Reeve's muntjac , yellow-backed duikers , honey badgers , cheetahs , coyotes and macaws . Throughout the day, the zoo provides visitors with events that highlight the animals and conservation. These include the Seated Safari and Reptile Rendezvous shows at the Safari Canyon Open Air Theater , Alligator Bay Feeding , and Meet the Keeper series at various exhibits around

3780-466: The zoo's American alligators . This lake is also home to many native species including an annual rookery of herons. South American Exhibits This area features a giant anteater as well as red-rumped agoutis . Nearby are critically endangered cotton-top tamarins , red-footed tortoises , Linnaeus's two-toed sloths . African Antelope is on the South side of the path opposite Alligator Bay. This area

3843-498: The zoo. On December 29, 2021, River Rosenquist, an employee with a third-party cleaning service working at the zoo was bitten by a Malayan tiger after he entered an unauthorized area and reached his arm into the animal's enclosure. A responding law enforcement officer shot the tiger, named Eko, in an effort to force its release of the victim's arm, wounding the tiger who later died. Association of Zoos and Aquariums The Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( AZA ), originally

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3906-864: Was adopted. In early 2018, AZA acquired the Wildlife Trafficking Alliance to help grow public awareness about the purchase and sale of illegal wildlife products in the United States. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums reported 195 million visitors to its 236 accredited member facilities in 2017. The organization is active in institution accreditation , animal care initiatives, education and conservation programs, collaborative research and advocacy. AZA serves as an accrediting body for zoos and aquariums and ensures accredited facilities meet higher standards of animal care than required by law. Institutions are evaluated every five years in order to ensure standards are met and to maintain accreditation. As of 2019 AZA had 238 accredited facilities in

3969-683: Was first classified by Eduard Rüppell , a German naturalist and explorer, during his trip to Abyssinia between 1830 and 1834. He wrote about the species in Neue Wirbelthiere con Abyssinien, Saengthiere in 1835. It was first seen in Europe in 1890 in Berlin Zoological Garden when three individuals were purchased from a dealer from Massawa , Eritrea. The mantled guereza is in the Colobinae subfamily, also known as

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