A transmission (also called a gearbox ) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set —two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine .
31-535: (Redirected from Neutrality ) [REDACTED] Look up neutral or neutrality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Neutral or neutrality may refer to: Mathematics and natural science [ edit ] Biology [ edit ] Neutral organisms, in ecology, those that obey the unified neutral theory of biodiversity Chemistry and physics [ edit ] Neutralization (chemistry) ,
62-425: A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other Neutral solution , a chemical solution which is neither acidic nor basic Neutral particle , a particle without electrical charge Mathematics [ edit ] Neutral element or identity element, in mathematics, a special element with respect to a binary operation, such that if the operation is applied to any element in
93-425: A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other Neutral solution , a chemical solution which is neither acidic nor basic Neutral particle , a particle without electrical charge Mathematics [ edit ] Neutral element or identity element, in mathematics, a special element with respect to a binary operation, such that if the operation is applied to any element in
124-401: A fixed-gear or two-speed transmission with no reverse gear ratio. The simplest transmissions used a fixed ratio to provide either a gear reduction or increase in speed, sometimes in conjunction with a change in the orientation of the output shaft. Examples of such transmissions are used in helicopters and wind turbines . In the case of a wind turbine, the first stage of the gearbox is usually
155-532: A motor vehicle's transmission Neutral wire , a conductor that provides a low impedance path to earth Arts and media [ edit ] Neutrality (film) , a 1949 Spanish drama Neutral alignment , a categorization of the moral and ethical perspective of some characters, creatures and societies in some role-playing games Neutral (Dungeons & Dragons) , an alignment in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game Neutral Records ,
186-477: A motor vehicle's transmission Neutral wire , a conductor that provides a low impedance path to earth Arts and media [ edit ] Neutrality (film) , a 1949 Spanish drama Neutral alignment , a categorization of the moral and ethical perspective of some characters, creatures and societies in some role-playing games Neutral (Dungeons & Dragons) , an alignment in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game Neutral Records ,
217-437: A planetary gear, to minimize the size while withstanding the high torque inputs from the turbine. Many transmissions – especially for transportation applications – have multiple gears that are used to change the ratio of input speed (e.g. engine rpm) to the output speed (e.g. the speed of a car) as required for a given situation. Gear (ratio) selection can be manual, semi-automatic, or automatic. A manual transmission requires
248-423: A polity such as a state that favors or supports none of the parties involved in a disagreement, conflict, or war Political principles [ edit ] Neutral point of view, a stance or tone that is free from bias (see journalistic objectivity ) Gender neutrality , a principle which advocates gender equality practices and behaviors which are neutral in regard to gender Humanitarian neutrality ,
279-423: A polity such as a state that favors or supports none of the parties involved in a disagreement, conflict, or war Political principles [ edit ] Neutral point of view, a stance or tone that is free from bias (see journalistic objectivity ) Gender neutrality , a principle which advocates gender equality practices and behaviors which are neutral in regard to gender Humanitarian neutrality ,
310-536: A principle governing humanitarian responses Medical neutrality , a principle of noninterference with medical services in times of armed conflict and civil unrest Network neutrality , a principle which advocates that all data on the Internet be treated equally Search neutrality , a principle that search engines should have no editorial policies other than that their results be comprehensive, impartial and based solely on relevance Neutrality (social choice) ,
341-481: A principle governing humanitarian responses Medical neutrality , a principle of noninterference with medical services in times of armed conflict and civil unrest Network neutrality , a principle which advocates that all data on the Internet be treated equally Search neutrality , a principle that search engines should have no editorial policies other than that their results be comprehensive, impartial and based solely on relevance Neutrality (social choice) ,
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#1732773053711372-528: A principle that a voting rule should not discriminate apriori between candidates. Other uses in politics [ edit ] Neutrality of money , the notion that a change in the supply of money in an economy has no tangible effects Neutral Confederacy , historic Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands Technology [ edit ] Neutral (usually abbreviated "N"), the state where no gears are selected for
403-439: A principle that a voting rule should not discriminate apriori between candidates. Other uses in politics [ edit ] Neutrality of money , the notion that a change in the supply of money in an economy has no tangible effects Neutral Confederacy , historic Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands Technology [ edit ] Neutral (usually abbreviated "N"), the state where no gears are selected for
434-449: A range of approximately 600–7000 rpm, while the vehicle's speeds requires the wheels to rotate in the range of 0–1800 rpm. In the early mass-produced automobiles, the standard transmission design was manual : the combination of gears was selected by the driver through a lever (the gear stick ) that displaced gears and gear groups along their axes. Starting in 1939, cars using various types of automatic transmission became available in
465-496: A record label Other uses [ edit ] Neutral, Kansas , an unincorporated community in the United States Neutral color , a description sometimes used to characterise the color gray See also [ edit ] Impartiality Neuter (disambiguation) Nutter (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
496-423: A record label Other uses [ edit ] Neutral, Kansas , an unincorporated community in the United States Neutral color , a description sometimes used to characterise the color gray See also [ edit ] Impartiality Neuter (disambiguation) Nutter (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
527-540: A set, that element is unchanged Neutral vector , a multivariate random variable that exhibits a particular type of statistical independence ( Dirichlet distribution ) Philosophy [ edit ] For political principles, see § Political principles . Neutrality (philosophy) , the absence of declared or intentional bias Neutrality (psychoanalysis) Neutral level , the physical or material traces of esthesic and poietic processes identified in semiotics Politics [ edit ] Neutral country ,
558-540: A set, that element is unchanged Neutral vector , a multivariate random variable that exhibits a particular type of statistical independence ( Dirichlet distribution ) Philosophy [ edit ] For political principles, see § Political principles . Neutrality (philosophy) , the absence of declared or intentional bias Neutrality (psychoanalysis) Neutral level , the physical or material traces of esthesic and poietic processes identified in semiotics Politics [ edit ] Neutral country ,
589-537: A single fixed-gear ratio, multiple distinct gear ratios , or continuously variable ratios. Variable-ratio transmissions are used in all sorts of machinery, especially vehicles. Early transmissions included the right-angle drives and other gearing in windmills , horse -powered devices, and steam -powered devices. Applications of these devices included pumps , mills and hoists . Bicycles traditionally have used hub gear or Derailleur gear transmissions, but there are other more recent design innovations. Since
620-475: Is connected to the engine via a torque converter (or a fluid coupling prior to the 1960s), instead of the friction clutch used by most manual transmissions and dual-clutch transmissions. A dual-clutch transmission (DCT) uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets . The design is often similar to two separate manual transmissions with their respective clutches contained within one housing, and working as one unit. In car and truck applications,
651-548: Is essentially a conventional manual transmission that uses automatic actuation to operate the clutch and/or shift between gears. Many early versions of these transmissions were semi-automatic in operation, such as Autostick , which automatically control only the clutch , but still require the driver's input to initiate gear changes. Some of these systems are also referred to as clutchless manual systems. Modern versions of these systems that are fully automatic in operation, such as Selespeed and Easytronic , can control both
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#1732773053711682-431: The torque and power output of an internal combustion engine varies with its rpm , automobiles powered by ICEs require multiple gear ratios to keep the engine within its power band to produce optimal power, fuel efficiency , and smooth operation. Multiple gear ratios are also needed to provide sufficient acceleration and velocity for safe & reliable operation at modern highway speeds. ICEs typically operate over
713-457: The DCT functions as an automatic transmission, requiring no driver input to change gears. A continuously variable transmission (CVT) can change seamlessly through a continuous range of gear ratios . This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at a constant RPM while
744-547: The US market. These vehicles used the engine's own power to change the effective gear ratio depending on the load so as to keep the engine running close to its optimal rotation speed. Automatic transmissions now are used in more than 2/3 of cars globally, and on almost all new cars in the US. Most currently-produced passenger cars with gasoline or diesel engines use transmissions with 4–10 forward gear ratios (also called speeds) and one reverse gear ratio. Electric vehicles typically use
775-401: The clutch operation and the gear shifts automatically, without any input from the driver. An automatic transmission does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. The most common design of automatic transmissions is the hydraulic automatic, which typically uses planetary gearsets that are operated using hydraulics . The transmission
806-545: The driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles). Most transmissions in modern cars use synchromesh to synchronise the speeds of the input and output shafts. However, prior to the 1950s, most cars used non-synchronous transmissions . A sequential manual transmission is a type of non-synchronous transmission used mostly for motorcycles and racing cars. It produces faster shift times than synchronized manual transmissions, through
837-426: The 💕 [REDACTED] Look up neutral or neutrality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Neutral or neutrality may refer to: Mathematics and natural science [ edit ] Biology [ edit ] Neutral organisms, in ecology, those that obey the unified neutral theory of biodiversity Chemistry and physics [ edit ] Neutralization (chemistry) ,
868-455: The title Neutral . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neutral&oldid=1179141144 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages neutral From Misplaced Pages,
899-478: The title Neutral . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neutral&oldid=1179141144 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Transmission (mechanics) Transmissions can have
930-419: The use of dog clutches rather than synchromesh. Sequential manual transmissions also restrict the driver to selecting either the next or previous gear, in a successive order. A semi-automatic transmission is where some of the operation is automated (often the actuation of the clutch), but the driver's input is required to move off from a standstill or to change gears. An automated manual transmission (AMT)
961-452: The vehicle moves at varying speeds. CVTs are used in cars, tractors, side-by-sides , motor scooters, snowmobiles , bicycles, and earthmoving equipment . The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain ; however, several other designs have also been used at times. Gearboxes are often a major source of noise and vibration in vehicles and stationary machinery. Higher sound levels are generally emitted when