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63-470: It has about 1.1 million sq. ft. (102,000 m) of exhibit space, covering almost 11 blocks, and over 3 million sq. ft. (280,000 m) of total space, making it the seventh largest convention center in the United States. The front of the main building is 1 kilometer long. The center was planned starting in 1978. It is the fifth-largest facility of its kind in the United States, and as of early 2005

126-519: A World's Fair in the United States since the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition. The government of Louisiana spent $ 5 million on the fair; that amount was overseen by Ralph Perlman , the state budget director, who tried to obtain maximum use of the funds. An 84-acre (340,000 m ) site along the Mississippi River was cleared of rundown warehouses, replaced by the structures of the Fair. This

189-499: A World's Fair. This controversy contributed to the development of the term "Scruffy City", as a nickname synonymous with Knoxville. Major politicians representing Tennessee across the aisle and financial boosters supported the idea and prompted interest from the Ford Administration . Then-Secretary of Commerce Elliot Richardson , while inquired, discouraged the idea for Knoxville to host an exposition in 1980, citing

252-401: A central bureau, Knoxvisit. Its financial and administrative troubles resulted in reservations being taken over by Property Leasing & Management, Inc. (PLM). It also struggled with the operation and filed for bankruptcy. Jake Butcher's financial services corporation, United American Bank (UAB), failed shortly after the exposition in 1983. UAB had been raided by federal banking regulators

315-657: A complete renovation of the facility in November 2006. A previously scheduled expansion project, which would add 524,000 square feet (48,700 m) of exhibition space in a new building, has been temporarily delayed. The 2006 renovations included the creation of the 4,032-seat New Orleans Theater, a concert hall used primarily for concerts , Broadway stage shows, and other special events. 29°56′23″N 90°03′46″W  /  29.939651°N 90.062871°W  / 29.939651; -90.062871 1984 Louisiana World Exposition The 1984 Louisiana World Exposition

378-660: A conflict from Los Angeles who planned to host a fair the same year. Richardson would approve for an exposition in Knoxville for the year 1982. Jake Butcher, facing criticism for his efforts for the KIEE, offered a rebuke in a 1981 interview with United Press International , "They called the fair the Jimmy Carter-Jake Butcher pork barrel , but they never revealed that [U.S. Senator] Howard Baker also supports it. I don't expect to get anything personally out of

441-480: A crowd of 87,000 with the theme "Energy Turns the World". Television commercials broadcast prior to the fair used the marketing tagline "You've Got To Be There!" The opening ceremony was broadcast on local and regional television stations, with President Ronald Reagan arriving to open the fair. Television personality and Winchester native Dinah Shore was the master of ceremonies for the fair. A six-month pass to

504-581: A major hub city in the Southeastern United States such as Atlanta or Charlotte . However, growth in Knoxville was relatively low compared to that of Chattanooga , which received national attention for its riverfront redevelopment projects. The U.S. Pavilion would operate as a soccer arena, but in 1991, the city of Knoxville demolished the U.S. Pavilion in a controlled demolition. It had developed structural problems that could not be safely resolved after years of neglect. The site of

567-410: A measure of several flavored mixtures of its traditional Coke soda during the exposition. Visitors would test lime, lemon, vanilla, and cherry flavors. By the end of the KIEE, Coca-Cola found that the cherry-flavored soda was the most popular. As a result, Coca-Cola Cherry would be distributed in 1985 as a result of its successful introduction at the 1982 World's Fair. Oil corporation Texaco showcased

630-769: A monorail, a gondola across the Mississippi River, an aquacade, an amphitheater for concerts, the Wonderwall, and many dining choices, including the Italian Village, the Japanese Pavilion, and Pete Fountain 's Reunion Hall. U.S. Navy's host ship for the 1984 World's Fair was the USS ; Stump . USS  Lexington visited the fair and was open for tourist visits while much of the crew enjoyed liberty. USS  Harlan County visited

693-623: A profit of $ 57, far short of the $ 5 million surplus projected by organizers and boosters. The city of Knoxville was left with a $ 46 million debt. This debt would be paid in full in May 2007. In total, 22 nations, 7 states, and more than 50 corporations presented exhibitions at the fair revolving around energy, innovation, technology, and sustainability. Participating nations included Australia , Belgium , Canada , The People's Republic of China , Denmark , Egypt , France , Greece , People's Republic of Hungary , Italy , Japan , Luxembourg , Mexico ,

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756-663: Is held on the park lawns every year, with the Knoxville Symphony Orchestra playing a free concert with a massive fireworks display. In May 2007, the East Tennessee Historical Society (ETHS) opened a temporary exhibit in its museum located in Downtown Knoxville, commemorating the 25th anniversary of the World's Fair. On July 4, 2007, one of the annual celebrations was held in conjunction with festivities commemorating

819-687: Is on display at the Knoxville Convention Center. Every night of the fair, at 10 pm, a 10-minute fireworks display was presented that could be seen over much of Knoxville. Performances by famous artists, actors, and musicians occurred at the Tennessee Amphitheater and across other areas of the fairgrounds and Knoxville, including Bob Hope , Tennessee Ernie Ford , Johnny Cash , Chet Atkins , Hal Holbrook , Glen Campbell , Jerry Lee Lewis , R. L. Burnside and Ricky Skaggs . The 1982 World's Fair brought

882-683: The American Library Association . After Hurricane Katrina passed through the city in 2005, thousands of evacuees were directed to the Convention Center as an unofficial evacuation center. In the confusion following the disaster, people escaping from flooded neighborhoods were directed to the Convention Center by police and word of mouth, with the expectation that there would be provisions, aid, and evacuation buses there. However no such resources were there for several days. Around 20,000–25,000 people gathered at

945-652: The Downtown Knoxville Association, proposed the idea of the fair to the city government and a group of Knoxville business owners after visiting the exposition in 1974. Evans cited Knoxville's association with energy research and development, spurred by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the University of Tennessee . This made Knoxville a potential energy center and suggested

1008-628: The Knoxville Convention Center in the space formerly occupied by Rich's/Millers Garage, the site of the KUB Substation exhibit, and the site of America's Electric Energy Exhibit. The Tennessee Amphitheater , the only structure other than the Sunsphere that currently remains from the World's Fair, was condemned to demolition in 2002. Popular sentiment from Knoxville residents and officials supported restoring it, and

1071-879: The Knoxville International Energy Exposition (KIEE) and simply as Energy Expo '82 and Expo '82 , was an international exposition held in Knoxville , Tennessee , United States. Focused on energy and electricity generation , with the theme Energy Turns the World , it was officially registered as a "World's Fair" by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE). The KIEE opened on May 1, 1982, and closed on October 31, 1982, after receiving over 11 million visitors. Participating nations included Australia, Belgium, Canada, The People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico,

1134-651: The Netherlands , Panama , Peru , the Philippines , Saudi Arabia , South Korea , the United Kingdom , the United States , and West Germany . Panama, a late-comer to the fair, never occupied its pavilion space, which was eventually unofficially occupied by a group of Caribbean island nations. Communication problems between Panama and fair officials delayed occupancy, then it was announced that

1197-548: The Soviet Union for participation and a swimming competition against the United States, but the invitation for participation was rescinded following the Soviet Union's military invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. In total, 25 nations were signed to participate at the 1982 World's Fair by its opening. However, only 22 of those signed took part by opening day of the KIEE. On May 1, 1982, the 1982 World's Fair opened to

1260-400: The University of Tennessee campus. The core of the site primarily consisted of a deteriorating Louisville and Nashville Railroad yard and depot . The railroad yard was demolished, with the exception of a single rail line, and the depot was renovated for use as a restaurant during the fair. The Sunsphere , a 266-foot (81 m) steel tower topped with a five-story gold globe, was built as

1323-540: The 1982 World's Fair were featured prominently in an episode of The Simpsons , " Bart on the Road ". In the episode, Bart, having obtained a fake ID, travels to Knoxville with his friends to visit the fair after seeing an advertisement in a tourism brochure, only to learn that it closed a decade before. Nelson frustratedly throws a stone at the Sunsphere, causing it to collapse on the group's rental car, stranding them in Knoxville. Knoxville municipal personnel would criticize

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1386-546: The 25th anniversary of the 1982 World's Fair. The following day, July 5, 2007, the Sunsphere's observation deck reopened to the public after renovations. In 2020, rock band The Dirty Guv'nahs curated the Southern Skies Music Festival at the performance lawn of World's Fair Park. Postponed from its original start in May 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic , the festival debuted on May 14, 2022. In 2022,

1449-577: The ETHS and the University of Tennessee's Hodges Library would open temporary exhibits regarding the KIEE commemorating its 40th anniversary. A celebration of the 40th anniversary of the KIEE was held during the weekend of May 20–22, 2022, including a full-day festival organized by Knoxville's convention and visitors bureau . Local media covered the event and provided prior coverage of the original event. Many collectible items were made specifically for

1512-558: The KIEE received confirmation for participation from western European countries including the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Italy, and the 10-nation European Economic Community , along with Australia, Mexico, Japan, and the People's Republic of China . China's participation proved historic given the country's shift to a more capitalist economy; the KIEE would be the first exposition involving China since 1904. The KIEE invited

1575-611: The Netherlands, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, and West Germany. It was the second World's Fair to be held in the state of Tennessee, with the first being the Tennessee Centennial Exposition of 1897 , held in the state's capital, Nashville . The fair was constructed on a 70-acre (280,000 m ) site between Downtown Knoxville and

1638-658: The Samaritan Woman was exhibited at the Vatican pavilion and is found today at the Notre Dame Seminary in New Orleans . On November 11, 2014, on the Fair's 30th Anniversary, a large bronze commemorative plaque was unveiled at the corner of Julia Street and Convention Center Boulevard, the heart of the world fair site. 1982 World%27s Fair The 1982 World's Fair , officially known as

1701-468: The Sunsphere. The L&N station, however, would be redeveloped into a restaurant and office space. Acreage located south of the railyard site near the University of Tennessee campus would be home to the exposition's midway , which included the Great Wheel, the tallest Ferris wheel in the world at the time. A gondola system was developed to provide rapid connections to the exhibit and midway areas of

1764-453: The TVA, would ask for a significant portion of the fair proceeds go to Knoxville's African-American community . The fair's iconic red flame-logo apparel was contracted to be produced by Upfront America, a black-owned business. Upfront America would go on to sell more than 500,000 expo shirts. Leading up to the fair, the KIEE committee faced competition in recruiting larger corporate sponsors due to

1827-552: The Warehouse District, many of the streets were improved and many old buildings were renovated for businesses that hoped to cater to fair guests. These buildings later were converted to commercial and residential uses. These improvements paved the way for the city's arts district seen today. The Riverwalk Marketplace and the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center are perhaps the fair's greatest legacy. The exhibition hall of

1890-734: The West Bank. Also on display was the Space Shuttle Enterprise . The Fair was held along the Mississippi River front near the New Orleans Central Business District , on a site that was formerly a railroad yard. While the Fair itself was a financial failure, several old warehouses were renovated for the fair, which helped to revitalize the adjacent Old Warehouse District. The fair suffered from poor attendance, but many New Orleanians have fond memories of their fair experiences. Highlights included

1953-575: The World's Fair." Intent on running for governor in Tennessee in 1982 , Butcher pointed out that his opponent, then-Governor Lamar Alexander , was also an outspoken supporter of the fair. Public opinion of Knoxvillians leading up to the fair changed drastically, with a 1979 poll showing a majority of residents disapproved of the fair but later polls showing massive approval. The fair would prompt investment into minority-owned businesses. Civil rights activist Avon Rollins, who served as an executive for

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2016-450: The complex in difficult conditions with no power, no water, no food, no medical supplies, no proper sanitation , and with only minimal occasional law enforcement presence within the center, resulting in incidents of crime and gang violence . There were reports of multiple deaths at the center, from causes including violence, dehydration , and lack of medication for the ill. The poor conditions and lack of prompt government response at

2079-464: The concept of pay at the pump , as part of the advances in energy. An early rendition of the cordless telephone was introduced to the public at the KIEE. The Ford Motor Company showcased a Lincoln Town Car with a built-in car phone and a concept car known as the AFV, which relied on alternative fuel consumption. One-hour photographic processing was introduced by Kodak and used by visitors of

2142-401: The convention center was the fair's Louisiana Pavilion, it later reopened as a convention center in 1985. Next to the convention center on the corner of Tchoupitoulas and Henderson streets is a steel and fiberglass bust of Neptune and the head of one of his alligators. At the fair, the statues of Neptune, a mermaid and some alligators surrounding them made up Bridge Gate, one of the entrances to

2205-416: The convention center were revealed to the nation on several TV news networks including CNN and Fox . Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff falsely claimed to be unaware of any problem with conditions even after the networks had been broadcasting images and live reports from the Convention Center. The Morial Convention Center was declared evacuated on September 4. The Convention Center finished

2268-470: The convention center. But as Hurricane Katrina threatened the area, they canceled the last week in order to evacuate. In the aftermath of Katrina , the Convention Center was the second most important shelter for survivors, after the Louisiana Superdome . After serving as a temporary medical clinic for some time, the structure again began welcoming conventions in early 2006, including that of

2331-478: The country would not show due to "economic problems". The Peruvian exhibit featured a mummy that was unwrapped and studied at the fair. The Egyptian exhibit featured ancient artifacts valued at over US$ 30 million. Hungary, the home country of the Rubik's Cube , sent the world's largest Rubik's Cube with rotating squares for the entrance display to its pavilion. The Rubik's Cube remains in World's Fair Park, where it

2394-508: The day after the fair's closure. On February 14, 1983, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation seized control of the bank due to irregularities in its financial records. This action caused public speculation that the bank's failure was due in part to Butcher's financing of the World's Fair. Given the success of the fair, Knoxville residents speculated that the fair would put the city on track to become

2457-501: The debut of several inventions and concepts, primarily focused on energy, technology, and sustainability. Oak Ridge National Laboratory physicist George Samuel Hurst had showcased his patented resistive touchscreen technology that was developed in 1975 as result of a partnership with his company Elographics and German conglomerate Siemens . Visitors were able to use computers with the touch-screen technology. Tetra Pak showcased its boxed shelf-stable milk. Coca-Cola organized

2520-576: The development of EPCOT Center at the Walt Disney World resort, a permanent scientific-focused amusement park . Most of the KIEE's financial support came from the United States federal government which provided an estimated $ 44 million in funding. The Tennessee state government provided $ 3 million, and the Knoxville municipal government approved a nearly $ 12 million bond. Jake Butcher, through his companies, gave approximately $ 25 million. An additional $ 224 million in federal and state funding

2583-498: The exposition's six-month tenure. An NBA exhibition game took place between the Boston Celtics and Philadelphia 76ers at Stokely Athletic Center on October 23, 1982. Hotels and other accommodations in Knoxville were not permitted to take reservations directly. Room reservations for everything from hotels to houseboats were sold in a package with fair admission tickets through the first eleven days and were handled by

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2646-544: The exposition. The Boston-based New England Technology company created a $ 500,000 learning system that used Sony and 3M interactive video-disc systems, Apple computers, a 200-kilobyte memory made by a company called Corbus, and a screen by Illugraphics, all put together for the United States Department of Commerce . The system featured three video-disc systems on line simultaneously, each offering random access to some 54,000 frames of text. The system

2709-399: The fair for three days and was open for tourist visits, while much of the crew enjoyed liberty. This expo also had the distinction of being the first World Exposition in the history of expos to have an official fair mascot. Seymore D. Fair , a large white costume pelican, became one of the most recognizable figures of any modern-day World Exposition. Some traces of the fair remain today. In

2772-447: The fair sold for $ 100 ($ 316.00 in 2023 dollars ). From its commencement on May 1, to its closing on October 31, the fair attracted 11,127,780 visitors from all over the United States and the world, making among the best attended World's Fair in U.S. history among those sanctioned by the BIE . It had the highest attendance among the four Specialized Expos held in the United States. It made

2835-627: The fair. As of 2023, the chain consists of several locations in the state with most primarily located in East Tennessee. The Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots played a preseason football game at Neyland Stadium on August 14, 1982. The Steelers won the game 24–20 to a crowd of 93,251, making it the fourth-best-attended NFL game in history. The University of Tennessee would utilize its residence halls and dormitories for housing nearly 60,000 visitors during

2898-527: The fair. Most other structures and the MART were demolished after the fair closed. The monorails were moved to Florida and re-used at Zoo Miami . Despite its problems, the fair is fondly remembered by many New Orleans residents, particularly for its noteworthy post-modern architecture, such as the groundbreaking Wonderwall designed by noted architect Charles Willard Moore and his partner William Turnbull . A bronze copy of Ivan Meštrović 's sculpture Christ and

2961-629: The fairgrounds. For the design of the Sunsphere, the KIEE recruited Knoxville-based architectural firm Community Techtonics, which was known in the region for its design of the Clingmans Dome Observation Tower in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the "SkyMart" elevated-sidewalk system in downtown Morristown , nearly 50 miles east of Knoxville. Construction would break ground in 1980. Regarding recruitment for country sponsors,

3024-557: The lawn. Ashley Capps , a Knoxville entertainment coordinator, cited the suspension of Hot Summer Nights at World's Fair Park as the start of the iconic Bonnaroo Music Festival . The site of the Japanese Pavilion became the new location for the Knoxville Museum of Art in 1990. The Elm Tree Theater located adjacent to the former pavilion was added as part of the Knoxville Museum of Art's courtyard. The elm tree

3087-497: The main driving forces behind the fair. Within the city, Knoxvillians referred to the fair as "Jake's Fair". An administrative body known as the Knoxville Foundation Inc. was established to organize and operate the event. There was skepticism, both locally and nationally, about the ability of Knoxville, described as a "scruffy little city" by The Wall Street Journal in a 1980 news article, to successfully host

3150-436: The main structure and symbol for the exposition. Today, the Sunsphere stands as a symbol for the city of Knoxville. The first World's Fair to be held in Tennessee occurred in the state's capital, Nashville , in 1897. Knoxville developers cultivated the idea for a World's Fair in their city after several visited Spokane , Washington , which hosted a World's Fair in 1974. In November 1974, W. Stewart Evans, president of

3213-470: The master plan for Fair. Located along the Second Creek watershed between downtown Knoxville and the University of Tennessee campus, the roughly 70-acre disused Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N) railyard was selected as the site for development of the exposition. The railyard would be demolished to make way for the nation-representing pavilions and exhibits, the Tennessee Amphitheater, and

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3276-559: The only World's Fair to declare bankruptcy during its operation. Several factors likely contributed to this. The exposition's proximity, both geographically and temporally, to the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee may have divided public interest. Additionally, the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and the 1982 opening of Walt Disney World's Epcot (often referred to as a "permanent world's fair") presented substantial competition for visitors. As of 2024, there has not been

3339-694: The pavilion was cleared and developed for a parking lot along Cumberland Avenue, adjacent to the site of the Knoxville Convention Center in World's Fair Park . The site of the Korean and Saudi Arabian pavilions and the Tennessee Gas Industries exhibit was redeveloped into a performance lawn and hosted the Hot Summer Nights rock music festival from 1991 to 1999, when the Knoxville municipal government indefinitely suspended concerts on

3402-502: The promotion of an energy-themed World's Fair as early as 1980. Officials cited the city's location along Interstate 40 and position in the most populated one-third of the United States as crucial advantages. Knoxville had also previously held an Appalachian -oriented regional exposition promoting the environmental movement in the United States in 1913. Knoxville mayor Kyle Testerman appointed local banker Jake Butcher to lead an exploratory KIEE committee. Butcher served as one of

3465-511: The show's portrayal of the city and World's Fair Park, as at the time, the Sunsphere and the main facilities at the park were in good condition and received regular maintenance. The last known attempt of redeveloping the fair site came in late 1996, as a mixed-use development named after the Tivoli gardens in Copenhagen . In 2000, the park was closed for two years for the construction of

3528-468: The theater was renovated between 2005 and 2007, reopening in 2007. In 2007, the amphitheater was voted one of the top fifteen architectural works of East Tennessee by the East Tennessee chapter of the American Institute of Architects . In the summer of 2002, the World's Fair Park was reopened to general events and concerts, such as Earth Fest and Greek Fest. An Independence Day celebration

3591-533: Was a World's Fair held in New Orleans , Louisiana , United States . It was held 100 years after the city's earlier World's Fair, the World Cotton Centennial in 1884. The fair was held from May 12 to November 11, 1984, and adopted the theme "The World of Rivers: Fresh Water as a Source of Life," showcasing the vital role of freshwater systems. The 1984 Louisiana World Exposition encountered significant attendance challenges, ultimately becoming

3654-420: Was later struck by lightning and was cut down. The courtyard of the theater has since remained empty. Many of the pavilion sites and the fair's midway located south of the main park were given to the University of Tennessee for future campus extensions and student parking. By 1996, World's Fair Park was subject to 14 plans to redevelop the site, all of which were unsuccessful. In the same year, Knoxville and

3717-487: Was only through government intervention that the gates remained open through the scheduled run. The fair drew 30,000 fewer people in the first month than was predicted. One of the fair's more famous attractions was the Mississippi Aerial River Transit (MART). This was a gondola lift that took visitors across the Mississippi River from the fair site in the Warehouse District to Algiers on

3780-675: Was scheduled to go on tour after the fair, under the auspices of the Commerce Department. Geodesic dome housing exhibits were showcased to promote sustainable development to confront the then-ongoing energy crisis . Housing powered entirely by solar power was constructed by the United American Solar Group to promote solar energy. The TVA would support an exhibit promoting energy conservation and private greenhouse usage . Knoxville-based fast-food chain, Petro's Chili & Chips made their debut at

3843-620: Was the second-busiest. The first portion of the building was constructed as part of the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition ; a series of additions in subsequent decades expanded the center further upriver. The complex was named in honor of Ernest N. Morial , the city's first African American mayor, in 1992. In 2008, the center was renamed the New Orleans Morial Convention Center in order to emphasize its New Orleans location. From August 26 through 27, 2005, Wheel of Fortune came to tape three weeks of shows at

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3906-439: Was to be a "Class B" exposition as defined by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), the international body governing world's fairs. There were no major exhibits such as had been seen at the 1964–65 New York World's Fair, which started predictions that the fair could be a flop. Although 7 million guests toured the fair, it was not enough to recoup the $ 350 million spent to host the event. Paychecks started bouncing, and it

3969-647: Was utilized by the Tennessee Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration to improve the transportation infrastructure system surrounding Knoxville in preparation for the fair. These improvements included completion of the Interstate 640 semi-beltway and improvements to the infamous "Malfunction Junction" of then I-75 (now I-275 ) and I-40 north of the fair site. The firm of Bruce McCarty designed

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