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63-538: New Japan Cup USA is an eight-man, single-elimination tournament . Matches are contested through NJPW's weekly television show , Strong . The New Japan Cup was first held in April 2005. The event then became an annual tradition for NJPW and was held every year around mid-March to mid-April, with the winner receiving a match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . After the 2020 edition of

126-404: A third place playoff between losing semi-finalists. In a shootout poker tournament , there are more than two players competing at each table, and sometimes more than one progresses to the next round. Some competitions are held with a pure single-elimination tournament system. Others have many phases, with the last being a single-elimination final stage, often called playoffs . In English ,

189-554: A 21-week regular season. In most seasons, (from 2014 to 2017 and prior to 2007), each team has two bye weeks during the 20 week 18-game regular season. When the league had only 8 teams, the league usually had no bye weeks. However between 2007 and 2013, the league had one bye per team over in two weeks in August (4 teams would have a bye during week 6 and the other 4 teams would have a bye on week 7). In Australia's National Rugby League (NRL), each team has three byes each season. With

252-531: A bye week the next season through 2020 . Since 2021 , the season is 18 weeks long with a bye week and an additional 17th game. Between 1999 and 2001 , the NFL had an odd number of teams (31) as a result of the Cleveland Browns re-entering the league . Each week during these three seasons featured at least one team with its bye week, but the 2001 season also added an additional impromptu league-wide bye

315-420: A draw may be settled in extra time and eventually by a penalty shootout or by replaying the fixture. Another perceived disadvantage is that most competitors are eliminated after relatively few games. Variations such as the double-elimination tournament allow competitors a single loss while remaining eligible for overall victory. However, losing one game requires the competitor to win more games in order to win

378-456: A match between the losers of the semifinal matches called third place playoffs , the winner therein placing third and the loser fourth. Many Olympic single-elimination tournaments feature the bronze medal match if they do not award bronze medals to both losing semifinalists. The FIFA World Cup has long featured the third place match (since 1934 ), though the UEFA Euro has not held one since

441-500: A possible match-up with the top seed until one round later. MLS' format is identical, except that the conference quarterfinals is a best-of-three series. In some situations, a seeding restriction may be implemented; from 1975 until 1989 in the NFL , and from 1994 until 2011 in MLB there was a rule where at the conference or league semifinal, should the top seed and last seed (wild card) be from

504-455: A power of two can have a standard bracket in which all teams are paired up with the loser of each match eliminated and the winner moving on to the next round until only one champion remains. However, if the number of teams is not a power of two, a simple elimination tournament would eventually produce a round with an odd number of teams (if the number is not odd to start with). For example, a tournament of nine teams could only have four matches in

567-437: A quarter-final from the previous year . Sometimes the remaining competitors in a single-elimination tournament will be "re-seeded" so that the highest surviving seed is made to play the lowest surviving seed in the next round, the second-highest plays the second-lowest, etc. This may be done after each round, or only at selected intervals. In American team sports, for example, the NFL employs this tactic, but MLS , NHL and

630-504: A random factor is always present in a real-world competition, this might easily cause accusations of unfairness. Variations of the single-elimination tournament include: Other common tournament types include: Bye (sports) In sports, a bye is the preferential status of a player or team that is automatically advanced to the next round of a tournament without having to play an opponent in an early round. In knockout (elimination) tournaments , byes may be assigned either to reward

693-506: A team having a "bye week" or a "second bye" if that team is playing an especially poor team, and is all but assured of a win. Ever since the NFL started Thursday Night Football, teams who play on a Thursday night are sometimes referred to having a "mini bye" until their next game, usually being about 10 - 11 days away. Traditionally, the CFL has had nine teams and required bye weeks. Beginning 2018, each team has three bye weeks and 18 games over

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756-485: A team which has a bye is awarded a win. In the Provincial Championships of Gaelic football , some teams receive a bye due to the irregular number of teams competing in each province. The different numbers resulted in different byes alignments in each Provincial Championship. For example, below is an assessment of the 2012 Provincial Championships, and their use of the "bye". Seven teams contested

819-432: A weakened side. On the competition ladder, teams are typically awarded two points (equivalent to a win) during their bye week. The Australian Football League , which comprises an even number of clubs, gives each club a bye week in mid-season , as well as a bye the week before the finals . In 1915 , 1919 to 1924 , 1942 and 1943 , 1991 to 1994 and 2011 , when there were an odd number of clubs competing, each club

882-695: Is 1 v 8, 2 v 7, 3 v 6 and 4 v 5, for example this is used for 16 seeds in the World Snooker Championship and 32 seeds in the World Darts Championship . Some tournaments stray from this, for example it is not the procedure that is followed in most tennis tournaments, where the 1 and 2 seeds are placed in separate brackets, but then the 3 and 4 seeds are assigned to their brackets randomly, and so too are seeds 5 through 8, and so on. This may result in some brackets consisting of stronger players than other brackets, and since only

945-508: Is an odd number of teams, but may also be used with an even number of teams, for example to provide rest breaks, as has been done in the National Football League (NFL). In a standard single-elimination tournament , each round has half the number of teams of the preceding round. Thus the finals will have two, the semi-finals will have four, the quarter-finals will have eight, etc. Thus tournaments with competitors numbering

1008-533: Is first - for example, if sorting the numbers 1-4 ascending, if 4 and 3 meet in the first round, 3 and 1 will lose in the first round and 2 will lose in the second, selecting 4 as the largest number in the set, but insufficient comparisons have been performed to determine which is greater, 1 or 3. Despite this, the candidate that loses in the final round is commonly considered to have taken second place (in this case, 2). When matches are held to determine places or prizes lower than first and second, these typically include

1071-463: Is placed on the team's schedule, usually falling between Week 4 and Week 12 inclusive. During the 1960 and 1966 seasons, the league had an odd number of teams due to expansion. Each week during those seasons, one team had a bye, including one team each in the first and last week of the season: thus, because they had to play all their games with no break in the middle, those two teams effectively had no byes. The American Football League (which at

1134-517: Is rare in English itself, with noticeable use in American debate tournaments. The round before the round of sixteen is sometimes called round of thirty-two in English. Terms for this in other languages generally translate as "sixteenth final". Earlier rounds are typically numbered counting forwards from the first round, or by the number of remaining competitors. If some competitors get a bye ,

1197-421: The 1980 edition . Sometimes, contests are also held among the losers of the quarterfinal matches to determine fifth to eighth places. In one scenario, two "consolation semifinal" matches may be conducted, with the winners of these then facing off to determine fifth and sixth places and the losers playing for seventh and eighth; those are used often in qualifying tournaments where only the top five teams advance to

1260-429: The 2012 Connacht Senior Football Championship , so a quarter-final was not played by Mayo . Mayo therefore advanced directly to the semi-final to await the winner of the game between Leitrim and London . Eleven teams contested the 2012 Leinster Senior Football Championship , so five teams were given first round byes. Three teams ( Carlow , Dublin and Wexford ) played winners of the three preliminary matches, while

1323-667: The CAA and Sun Belt in 2023, as well as the American in 2024, as each expanded beyond 12 teams. Various other conferences like the OVC offer "double byes" to the semifinals for their top two teams, while the WCC offers "triple byes" to their top two teams. While not yet confirmed, the ACC are likely to adopt "triple byes" starting in 2025, as membership for the conference will expand beyond 16 teams. In Esports , "double byes" are most commonly seen during

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1386-628: The ESL Pro League event for the Counter-Strike series of games, awarded to the teams who won each of the groups during the group stage. "Triple byes" are currently used for China 's professional League of Legends league, known as the LPL , and are awarded to the top two teams during a split's regular season. Up until 2020, they were also used for South Korea 's LCK , with the top team in their split's regular season automatically making

1449-573: The NBA do not (and neither does the NCAA college basketball tournament ). Although MLB does have enough teams (12) in its playoff tournament where re-seeding would have made a large difference in the matchups; only the WNBA's at the minimum, which is at least four from each conference for a total of 8. The NBA's format calls for the winner of the first-round series between the first and eighth seeds (within each of

1512-614: The Final as a result. In certain tournaments, the byes are somewhat disguised. When more teams are given first-round byes than actually compete in the first round, these first games may be referred to as "play-in" games and might not be a formally labelled as a tournament round. From 2012 to 2019 and 2021, the Major League Baseball playoffs has included ten teams consisting of six division winners and four wild card teams (the top-ranked non-division-winners). The first round of

1575-700: The New Japan Cup was delayed until June due to the COVID-19 pandemic , it was announced during a press conference on July 31 that the New Japan Cup USA would take place from August 7 to August 21 of that year, with the winner receiving a shot at the IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship . It was also reported that the matches would be televised on NJPW's new television show, Strong . The next day,

1638-517: The competition expanding to an odd number of teams from the 2023 NRL season , one club is required to have a bye each round. During the representative period of the season (such as the State of Origin ), multiple byes are scheduled to the clubs that are expected to have the most players involved in the representative match, in the round preceding the representative fixture, to allow those clubs to sufficiently rest those players and prevent them from fielding

1701-453: The competition, seeding is often used to prevent this. Brackets are set up so that the top two seeds could not possibly meet until the final round (should both advance that far), none of the top four can meet prior to the semifinals, and so on. If no seeding is used, the tournament is called a random knockout tournament. Standard seeding pairs the highest and lowest, then second highest and second lowest and so on, for an 8 seed tournament this

1764-442: The division finals as four other teams compete in a semi-final week. In other tournaments where teams are unranked, random draw may be used to determine the byes. The number of teams offered a bye is generally designed to ensure that the next round consists of a power-of-two number of teams so the tournament can proceed as a simple single-elimination tournament from that round onward. If the byes are all single first-round byes into

1827-406: The division winners. The FA Cup also has certain teams compete in up to 6 preliminary rounds to qualify for the first round "proper". Another example is the NCAA basketball tournament , which since 2011 has had 68 teams, effectively granting 60 byes, while eight teams compete in the "First Four" games for remaining four spots in the round of 64. From 2011 to 2015, the "First Four" was considered

1890-455: The eight-man bracket was announced. It commenced on August 7, 2020 and concluded on August 21, 2020. New Japan Cup USA 2021 commenced on April 9 and concluded on April 23. Eight qualifying matches were held from March 5–March 26 to determine the eight participants. The bracket was revealed after the eight participants were determined. Originally, the winner of the tournament would receive an IWGP United States Championship title match, but this

1953-410: The final "Super Six". In each of these nine sextets, each team competes during four of six "rotations" with the other two as byes – scheduled before the uneven bars and the floor exercise. For example, Semifinal II of the 2018 championships operated as follows In a Swiss-system tournament with an odd number of players, one player gets a bye in each round, but not all players will get

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2016-425: The first round, while a simple tournament of ten teams would produce a second round with five teams, meaning only two matches could occur. Thus, if the number of participants is not a power of two (e.g. 16 or 32), to make a working bracket byes are provided to automatically move certain participants into a later round without requiring them to compete in an earlier one. When participants are ranked, participants with

2079-405: The first round; the round of 64, played on Thursday and Friday, was called the "second round"; the round of 32 was then called the "third round", consisting of games played on Saturday and Sunday. In 2016, the naming reverted to the round of 64 being the "first round" once again, and the round of 32 being the "second round", though the play-in round and all eight of those teams are officially part of

2142-437: The highest ranked participant(s), or randomly, to make a working bracket if the number of participants is not a power of two (e.g. 16 or 32). In round-robin tournaments , usually one competitor gets a bye in each round when there are an odd number of competitors, as it is impossible for all competitors to play in the same round. However, over the whole tournament, each plays the same number of games as well as sitting out for

2205-406: The highest ranking going into the tournament are given a bye to the second round, as it is generally seen as an advantage to be assured entry into a later round. In the NFL playoffs , for example, as of 2020 , the division-leader with the best record in each conference is given a bye to the second round. The Canadian Football League (CFL) also grants a bye to its two division winners, directly to

2268-406: The ladder. This is different from a double elimination format, in which a team has to lose both in the tournament and the repechage to be eliminated. The A-League Men also had bye rounds in the 2019-20 season and the 2024-25 season due to an odd amount of teams being in the competition after expanding the amount of teams in the league. The top two placed regular season teams earn a bye into

2331-422: The league's top two seeds, while the next two seeds got first-round byes for their playoffs . In NCAA Division I basketball, the 2009 Big East men's basketball tournament introduced "double byes", as the conference invited all 16 members to participate for the first time (previously only the top twelve were invited). To limit the number of games each round to four, the four highest seeded teams were advanced to

2394-554: The next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion(s). Each match-up may be a single match or several, for example two-legged ties in European sports or best-of series in North American pro sports. Defeated competitors may play no further part after losing, or may participate in "consolation" or "classification" matches against other losers to determine the lower final rankings; for example,

2457-399: The next round; or some method of ranking the four quarterfinal losers might be employed, in which case only one round of additional matches would be held among them, the two highest-ranked therein then playing for fifth and sixth places and the two lowest for seventh and eighth. The number of distinct ways of arranging a single-elimination tournament (as an abstract structure, prior to seeding

2520-414: The opportunity to face every other player/team. Also, if the competitors' performance is variable, that is, it depends on a small, varying factor in addition to the actual strength of the competitors, then not only will it become less likely that the strongest competitor actually wins the tournament, in addition the seeding done by the tournament organizers will play a major part in deciding the winner. As

2583-410: The other two played each other in the quarter-finals without playing a game in the preliminary round. Six teams contested the 2012 Munster Senior Football Championship , so two teams ( Clare and Cork ) were permitted to advance to the semi-finals without playing a game in the quarter-finals. Nine teams contested the 2012 Ulster Senior Football Championship , so only Cavan and Donegal played in

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2646-604: The other. If a small number of teams play in a single elimination tournament, sometimes a consolation bracket is included to allow the eliminated teams to play more than once. This was the format of the Little League World Series until 1992. The format is less suited to games where draws are frequent. In chess , each fixture in a single-elimination tournament must be played over multiple matches, because draws are common , and because white has an advantage over black. In association football , games ending in

2709-587: The players into the tournament) is given by the Wedderburn–Etherington numbers . Thus, for instance, there are three different arrangements for five players: However, the number of arrangements grows quickly for larger numbers of players and not all of them are commonly used. Opponents may be allocated randomly (such as in the FA Cup); however, since the "luck of the draw" may result in the highest-rated competitors being scheduled to face each other early in

2772-474: The playoffs consists two wild-card games : single-game matches in which the four wild-card teams are reduced to two. The winners move on to the Divisional series with the six division winners for an eight-team, three-round tournament. Although this is billed as adding two extra "one-game showdowns" to the post-season, it could also be viewed as adding a fourth round to the ten-team tournament with six byes for

2835-399: The preliminary round, while the other seven advanced via bye to the quarter-finals without playing a game in the preliminary round. While less common, byes can be offered for multiple rounds (e.g. a "double bye" directly into the third round), or starting in a later round (e.g. the top-ranked team in the first round is given a bye straight to the third round). A bye granted in a later round of

2898-571: The regular season (or did not take place, in some cases). In international fencing competitions, it is common to have a group stage . Participants are divided in groups of 6–7 fencers who play a round-robin tournament, and a ranking is calculated from the consolidated group results. Single elimination is seeded from this ranking. The single-elimination format enables a relatively large number of competitors to participate. There are no "dead" matches (perhaps excluding "classification" matches), and no matches where one competitor has more to play for than

2961-446: The round at which they enter may be named the first round , with the earlier matches called a preliminary round , qualifying round , opening round , or the play-in games . Examples of the diverse names given to concurrent rounds in various select disciplines: Notes: The knockout round of the 2002 FIFA World Cup tournament: Without any additional matches, the only position a single-elimination tournament can reliably determine

3024-520: The round in which only eight competitors remain is generally called (with or without hyphenation) the quarter-final round; this is followed by the semi-final round, in which only four are left, the two winners of which then meet in the final or championship round . The round before the quarterfinals has multiple designations. Often it is called the round of sixteen , last sixteen , or (in South Asia) pre-quarterfinals . In many other languages

3087-399: The same division, they cannot play each other; in that case, the top seed plays the worst division champion; the second-best division champion plays the wild card team. This is due to the scheduling employed for the regular season, in which a team faces any given divisional opponent more often than any given non-divisional opponent – the tournament favors match-ups that took place fewer times in

3150-497: The same number of rounds. The "Berger Tables" used by FIDE for chess tournaments, provide pairings for even numbered pools and simply state that "Where there is an odd number of players, the highest number counts as a bye." Similar to the round-robin context, in league sports with weekly regular-season play such as gridiron football or rugby , a team not scheduled to play on a given week or fixture (competition period) can be said to be on its "bye week". Byes are necessary if there

3213-546: The second round of a tournament, the number of byes required is the difference between the number of teams and the next-highest power of two. For example, a 12-team tournament will require four byes (16−12) to ensure that instead of six teams in the second round, eight advance (as the four byes avoid two of the four teams being eliminated). In postseason tournaments sponsored by the Kansas State High School Activities Association ,

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3276-492: The semi finals of the A League Finals . In a variation of the round-robin case, at certain high-level competitions in artistic gymnastics , teams cycle through the apparatuses in an "Olympic Order" with scheduled byes in between. As an example, the NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships has 36 teams with six teams apiece at six regional sites, with 12 advancing to two semifinal rounds of six that decide participants for

3339-1060: The term for these eight matches translates to eighth-final (e.g., in these European languages: "huitième de finale" in French , "achtste finale" in Dutch, octavos de final in Spanish , Achtelfinale in German , åttondelsfinal in Swedish , ottavi di finale in Italian , oitavos-de-final in Portuguese , optimi de finală in Romanian , osmifinále in Czech , osemfinále in Slovak , and osmina finala in Serbo-Croatian ), though this term

3402-687: The third round of competition, the 5th-8th seeded teams given byes to the second round, and the bottom eight competed the first day. Due to the realignment of major conferences , "double byes" were no longer needed by the Big East after 2013, but were added by the Southeastern Conference in 2013 , the Atlantic Coast and Atlantic 10 conferences in 2014, the Big Ten in 2015 , and after another round of conference realignment ,

3465-672: The time was a completely separate league, but later became the American Football Conference ) also had an odd number of teams in 1966 and 1967 following the addition of the Miami Dolphins , leaving each team with two bye weeks. The NFL returned to the use of the bye week in 1990 so as to extend the 16-game regular season schedule to span 17 weeks to increase the number of viewable games for television contracts. The 1993 season spanned 18 weeks with each team having 2 bye weeks; it went back to 17 weeks with

3528-476: The top 32 players of 128 are seeded in Tennis Grand Slam tournaments, it can happen that the 33rd-best player in a 128-player field could end up playing the top seed in the first round. An example of this occurring was when World No. 33 Florian Mayer was drawn against, and defeated by, World No. 1 Novak Djokovic in the first round of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , in what was also a rematch of

3591-658: The tournament eliminates the need for two byes in the previous round. In the English FA Cup , the football clubs in the top two league divisions receive two-round byes and enter in the third round "proper" (of eight); the two next-highest divisions' teams will have entered in the first round. Another example is the UEFA Europa League , where teams from the highest-ranked nations enter the group stage directly without having to go through qualification. The WNBA , from 2016 to 2021, had granted double byes to

3654-408: The tournament. Certain professional rugby and gridiron football leagues use the term "bye week" for any week during the regular season in which a team does not play a game. (School teams may also have non-competing weeks, but these are scheduled by individual schools/conferences and more commonly termed "open dates" or "idle weeks".) Each NFL team has one "bye week" during a normal season; this

3717-470: The tournament. In a single-elimination tournament without any seeding, awarding the second place to the loser of the final is unjustified: any of the competitors knocked out before getting to play the losing finalist might have been stronger than the actual losing finalist. In general, it is only fair to use a single-elimination tournament to determine first place. To fairly determine lower places requires some form of round-robin in which each player/team gets

3780-438: The two conferences the league has) to face the winner of the first-round series between the fourth and fifth seeds in the next round, even if one or more of the top three seeds had been upset in their first-round series; critics have claimed that this gives a team fighting for the fifth and sixth seeding positions near the end of the regular season an incentive to tank (deliberately lose) games, so as to finish sixth and thus avoid

3843-593: The weekend after the September 11 attacks . The league returned to having an even number of teams (32) in 2002 with the addition of the Houston Texans , and implemented the current bye week system. In the rare case of a game postponement that cannot be made up within the same week, the NFL may revise bye weeks assignments in order to reschedule the delayed game, making the postponement week those teams' new "bye week": The media may also sarcastically refer to

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3906-492: Was changed when NJPW revealed the Strong Openweight Championship on April 2 and announced that the winner will become its inaugural champion instead. Single-elimination tournament A single-elimination, knockout , or sudden-death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in

3969-560: Was given two byes. In both leagues, and under many other professional and amateur sports leagues in Australia, higher placed teams do not earn byes during finals , but instead the opportunity not to be eliminated by losing their first-round match (also called a double chance). This practice is common in Australia, but it is not used in most other countries, to earn an easier passage to the Grand Final as reward for finishing higher on

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