The Neue Pinakothek ( German: [ˈnɔʏ.ə pinakoˈteːk] , New Pinacotheca ) is an art museum in Munich , Germany . Its focus is European Art of the 18th and 19th centuries, and it is one of the most important museums of art of the nineteenth century in the world.
32-683: Together with the Alte Pinakothek and the Pinakothek der Moderne , the Neue Pinakothek is part of Munich's museum quarter ( Kunstareal ). The Neue Pinakothek was completed in 1859 and was intended to be the first museum in Europe for the exhibition of contemporary paintings. The established schools of European painting were displayed. On the ground floor 1ß6 plaster busts of contemporary celebrities were also displayed. The building
64-461: A commission from Ludwig I for a cycle of great Greek landscapes. These works were installed in the Neue Pinakothek, where the paintings were given their own hall. The so-called Tschudi Contribution between 1905 and 1914 brought the Pinokathek an extraordinary collection of masterpieces of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism . Hugo von Tschudi was dismissed by Wilhelm II, German Emperor as
96-595: A dowry of his wife. Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (1742–1799) had a strong preference for Netherlandish paintings as well, among other paintings he acquired Rembrandt 's The Holy Family . By the late 18th century a large number of the paintings were displayed in Schleissheim Palace , and accessible to the public. After the reunion of Bavaria and the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1777,
128-595: A penalty for his exhibiting of Gauguin 's The Birth of Christ in Berlin's National Gallery. He became the director of the Pinokathek. As general director of the State Collections, Tschudi acquired 44 paintings, nine sculptures, and 22 drawings, mostly from emerging French artists. Since public funds could not be used to purchase these works, Tschudi’s associates raised the money from private contributions after his death in 1911. The space dedicated to painters of
160-479: A role, as Greece had become a secundogeniture of Bavaria in 1832. In 1834 Carl Rottmann traveled to Greece to prepare for a commission from Ludwig I for a cycle of great Greek landscapes. These works were installed in the Neue Pinakothek, where the paintings were given their own hall. The so-called Tschudi Contribution between 1905 and 1914 brought the Pinokathek an extraordinary collection of masterpieces of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism . Hugo von Tschudi
192-724: A self-portrait of Vincent van Gogh , classifying the paintings as degenerate art . Since January 2019 the Neue Pinakothek has been closed for renovations. Originally, it was planned for the building to remain closed at least until 2025. The opening of the museum to visitors was delayed until 2029 in January 2022. The museum is under supervision of the Bavarian State Painting Collections , which houses an expanded collection of more than 3.000 European paintings from classicism to Art Nouveau . About 400 paintings and 50 sculptures of these are exhibited in
224-566: A tradition that dates back to the exhibition of the old masters of the late 16th century in many of the major art galleries of Europe (Florence, London, Madrid, St. Petersburg, Paris, Vienna). The Wittelsbach collection was begun by Duke Wilhelm IV (1508–1550) who ordered important contemporary painters to create several history paintings, including The Battle of Alexander at Issus of Albrecht Altdorfer . Elector Maximilian I (1597–1651) commissioned in 1616 four hunt paintings from Peter Paul Rubens and acquired many other paintings, especially
256-432: Is one of the most important museums of art of the nineteenth century in the world. Together with the Alte Pinakothek and the Pinakothek der Moderne , the Neue Pinakothek is part of Munich's museum quarter ( Kunstareal ). The Neue Pinakothek was completed in 1859 and was intended to be the first museum in Europe for the exhibition of contemporary paintings. The established schools of European painting were displayed. On
288-792: The Madonna of the Carnation of Leonardo da Vinci and The Disrobing of Christ of El Greco . The predilection of the Wittelsbach rulers for some painters made the collection quite strong in those areas but neglected others. Since the 1960s the Pinakothek has filled some of these gaps: for example, a deficit of 18th-century paintings was addressed by the integration into the collection of works loaned from two Bavarian banks. Among these paintings were Nicolas Lancret 's The Bird Cage and François Boucher 's Madame Pompadour . In April 1988,
320-559: The Modernity was fixed at ca. 1900 by including Henri Matisse and Expressionism . Consequentially a painting of Matisse, which was part of the "Tschudi Contribution" ,is now displayed in the Pinakothek der Moderne . In 1915, the Neue Pinakothek became the property of Bavaria . In 1938 the Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler confiscated a self-portrait of Vincent van Gogh , classifying the paintings as degenerate art . Since January 2019
352-715: The Prussians captured the Château de Saint-Cloud in 1814 as part of the War of the Sixth Coalition , they supposedly found the painting hanging in Napoleon's bathroom. Most of the paintings have not been returned. With the secularisation many paintings from churches and former monasteries entered into state hands. King Ludwig I of Bavaria collected especially Early German and Early Dutch paintings but also masterpieces of
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#1732772140795384-769: The Spanish Netherlands . So he bought for example in 1698 in Antwerp from Gisbert van Colen 12 pictures of Peter Paul Rubens and 13 of Van Dyck , with the pictures of Rubens from the personal estate of the artist which were therefore not intended for sale. Under Max Emanuel's successors, the purchases were largely discontinued due to the tight budget. Also Max Emanuel's cousin Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (1690–1716) collected Netherlandish paintings. He ordered from Peter Paul Rubens The Big Last Judgment and received Raphael 's Canigiani Holy Family as
416-480: The 13th to 18th centuries. Especially its collection of Early Italian, Old German, Old Dutch and Flemish paintings is one of the most important in the world. More than 800 of these paintings are exhibited at the Old Pinakothek. Due to limited space in the building, some associated galleries throughout Bavaria such as the baroque galleries in Schleissheim Palace and Neuburg Palace additionally have works by
448-579: The Alte Pinakothek was fixed with the period shortly before the turn of the 19th century, which has become a prototype for many galleries. Owing to the personal preference of Ludwig I, the museum initially had a strong focus on paintings of German Romanticism and the Munich School . Also dynastic considerations played a role, as Greece had become a secundogeniture of Bavaria in 1832. In 1834 Carl Rottmann traveled to Greece to prepare for
480-620: The Italian renaissance. In 1827 he acquired the collection Boisserée with 216 Old German and Old Dutch masters; in 1828, the king managed to also purchase the collection of the Prince Wallerstein , with 219 Upper German and Upper Swabian paintings. In 1838 Johann Georg von Dillis issued the first catalogue. After the times of King Ludwig I the acquisitions almost ended. Only from 1875 the directors Franz von Reber and Hugo von Tschudi secured important new acquisitions, such as
512-466: The Neue Pinakothek has been closed for renovations. Originally, it was planned for the building to remain closed at least until 2025. The opening of the museum to visitors was delayed until 2029 in January 2022. The museum is under supervision of the Bavarian State Painting Collections , which houses an expanded collection of more than 3.000 European paintings from classicism to Art Nouveau . About 400 paintings and 50 sculptures of these are exhibited in
544-573: The New Pinakothek. Alte Pinakothek The Alte Pinakothek ( German: [ˈʔaltə pinakoˈteːk] , Old Pinakothek ) is an art museum located in the Kunstareal area in Munich , Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses a significant collection of Old Master paintings. The name Alte (Old) Pinakothek refers to the time period covered by
576-465: The Old Masters on display. From 2014 through 2017, wings of the museum were sequentially closed for renovation, and the artworks in closed sections were unavailable for viewing. Neue Pinakothek The Neue Pinakothek ( German: [ˈnɔʏ.ə pinakoˈteːk] , New Pinacotheca ) is an art museum in Munich , Germany . Its focus is European Art of the 18th and 19th centuries, and it
608-456: The collection—from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. The Neue Pinakothek , re-built in 1981, covers nineteenth-century art, and Pinakothek der Moderne , opened in 2002, exhibits modern art. All three galleries are part of the Bavarian State Painting Collections , an organization of the Free state of Bavaria. King Ludwig I of Bavaria ordered Leo von Klenze to erect a new building for
640-702: The function and structure of the building as a museum. Very modern in its day, the building became exemplary for museum buildings in Germany and in Europe after its inauguration in 1836, and thus became a model for new galleries like the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg , and galleries in Rome , Brussels and Kassel . The museum building was severely damaged by bombing in World War II but
672-589: The galleries of Mannheim , Düsseldorf and Zweibrücken were moved to Munich, in part to protect the collections during the wars which followed the French revolution. Even though 72 paintings including The Battle of Alexander at Issus were taken to Paris in 1800 by the invading armies of Napoleon I (1769–1821), who was a noted admirer of Alexander the Great. The Louvre held it until 1804, when Napoleon declared himself Emperor of France and took it for his own use. When
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#1732772140795704-522: The gallery for the Wittelsbach collection in 1826. The Alte Pinakothek was the largest museum in the world and structurally and conceptually well advanced through the convenient accommodation of skylights for the cabinets. Even the Neo-Renaissance exterior of the Pinakothek clearly stands out from the castle-like museum type common in the early 19th century. It is closely associated with
736-426: The ground floor 1ß6 plaster busts of contemporary celebrities were also displayed. The building was redeveloped in the late 20th century. Designed by architect Alexander von Branca in the new style of Postmodernism , the building opened in 1981. It combines a concrete construction with a stone facade design. Ludwig I of Bavaria began to collect contemporary art already as crown prince in 1809 and his collection
768-490: The grounds that it had been unlawfully acquired as a result of Nazi persecution. An investigation by the museum established that it had been lawfully purchased at the time for a fair price and that the Hagen family's interest extended only to a security on the painting. The museum is under the supervision of the Bavarian State Painting Collections which also owns an expanded collection of several thousand European paintings from
800-444: The money from private contributions after his death in 1911. The space dedicated to painters of the Modernity was fixed at ca. 1900 by including Henri Matisse and Expressionism . Consequentially a painting of Matisse, which was part of the "Tschudi Contribution" ,is now displayed in the Pinakothek der Moderne . In 1915, the Neue Pinakothek became the property of Bavaria . In 1938 the Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler confiscated
832-466: The serial vandal Hans-Joachim Bohlmann splashed acid on three paintings by Albrecht Dürer, namely Lamentation for Christ , Paumgartner Altar and Mater Dolarosa inflicting damage estimated at 35 million euros. In 1990 Dierick Bouts ' Ecce agnus dei was acquired. On 5 August 2014, the museum rejected a request by a descendant of the banker Carl Hagen for the repatriation of Jacob Ochtervelt 's Das Zitronenscheibchen ( The Lemon Slice ) on
864-403: The upper floor of the Alte Pinakothek with a woven and dyed silk from Lyon. The new color scheme of green and red draws on the design of the rooms dating back to the time of construction of the Alte Pinakothek, and was predominant until the 20th century. Already for King Ludwig I and his architect Leo von Klenze, the use of a wall covering alternately in red and green represented the continuation of
896-523: The work of Albrecht Dürer . He even obtained The Four Apostles in the year 1627 due to pressure on the Nuremberg city fathers. A few years later however 21 paintings were confiscated and moved to Sweden during the occupation of Munich in the Thirty Years war . Maximilian's grandson Maximilian II Emanuel (1679–1726) purchased a large number of Dutch and Flemish paintings when he was Governor of
928-424: Was dismissed by Wilhelm II, German Emperor as a penalty for his exhibiting of Gauguin 's The Birth of Christ in Berlin's National Gallery. He became the director of the Pinokathek. As general director of the State Collections, Tschudi acquired 44 paintings, nine sculptures, and 22 drawings, mostly from emerging French artists. Since public funds could not be used to purchase these works, Tschudi’s associates raised
960-408: Was reconstructed and reopened to the public on 7 June 1957, with President Theodor Heuss attending. Director Ernst Buckner oversaw the rebuilding project, ensuring that the building remained true to its original architecture. The ornate, pre-war interior, including the large loggia facing the south façade in the upper floor, was not restored. A new wall covering was created in 2008 for the rooms on
992-416: Was redeveloped in the late 20th century. Designed by architect Alexander von Branca in the new style of Postmodernism , the building opened in 1981. It combines a concrete construction with a stone facade design. Ludwig I of Bavaria began to collect contemporary art already as crown prince in 1809 and his collection was steadily enlarged. When the museum was founded, the separation to the old masters in
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1024-416: Was steadily enlarged. When the museum was founded, the separation to the old masters in the Alte Pinakothek was fixed with the period shortly before the turn of the 19th century, which has become a prototype for many galleries. Owing to the personal preference of Ludwig I, the museum initially had a strong focus on paintings of German Romanticism and the Munich School . Also dynastic considerations played
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