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24-497: The International Schubert Society , initiated in 1963 for this purpose, is the driving force behind the edition. Its score and supplement volumes are published by Bärenreiter . The NSE is a successor to Franz Schubert's Werke: Kritisch durchgesehene Gesammtausgabe : this old collected edition (in German: Alte Gesamt-Ausgabe , AGA), was published by Breitkopf & Härtel in the late 19th century, and

48-457: A critical report ( Kritischer Bericht , KB), and the last series containing ten supplementing volumes ( Supplementbände ). The realized number of volumes ( reale Bände , lit.   ' real volumes ' ) exceeds the number of initially planned volumes: some volumes were split in sub-volumes ( Teilbände , lit.   ' partial volumes ' ), and some supplemental volumes were added to series I–VII. Bärenreiter-Verlag publishes

72-461: A single narrative or theme, such as Schubert's Die schöne Müllerin and Winterreise , or Robert Schumann 's Frauen-Liebe und Leben and Dichterliebe . Schubert and Schumann are most closely associated with this genre, mainly developed in the Romantic era. Typically, Lieder were for a single singer and piano, with orchestral accompaniment being a later development. The tradition

96-609: A supplement volume: Series V: Orchestral Works ( Orchesterwerke ), 7 volumes: Series VI: Chamber Music ( Kammermusik ), 9 volumes: Series VII: Piano Music ( Klaviermusik ), 5 + 7 volumes: Series VIII: Supplement, 10 volumes: Graham Johnson , having become acquainted with the New Schubert Edition from around 1975, describes the way Dürr presented the Lieder in the fourth series as "rethinking Schubert". The Schubertiade Hohenems  [ de ] of 2015

120-519: Is a German music publishing house. Founded in 1719 in Leipzig by Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf , it is the world's oldest music publisher. The catalogue contains over 1,000 composers, 8,000 works and 15,000 music editions or books on music. The name "Härtel" was added when Gottfried Christoph Härtel took over the company in 1795. In 1807, Härtel began to manufacture pianos, an endeavour which lasted until 1870. Breitkopf pianos were highly esteemed in

144-474: Is a term for setting poetry to classical music to create a piece of polyphonic music. The term is used for any kind of song in contemporary German and Dutch, but among English and French speakers, lied is often used interchangeably with " art song " to encompass works that the tradition has inspired in other languages as well. The poems that have been made into lieder often center on pastoral themes or themes of romantic love. The earliest Lieder date from

168-943: The Händel-Gesellschaft in 1858. Archival materials of the publishing house form the fonds 21081 Breitkopf & Härtel in the State Archives in Leipzig (part of the Saxon State Archives, in German Sächsisches Staatsarchiv ). Lied In the Western classical music tradition, Lied ( / l iː d , l iː t / LEED , LEET , German: [liːt] ; pl.   Lieder / ˈ l iː d ər / LEE -dər , German: [ˈliːdɐ] ; lit.   ' song ' )

192-528: The 1950s ideas about a new and updated collected edition of Schubert's works began to emerge. The International Schubert Society was founded in 1963, 135 years after the composer's death, with the sole purpose of supporting such endeavour. Walter Gerstenberg was appointed as head of the NSE's editorial board. Otto Erich Deutsch , who had published the Schubert Thematic Catalogue , that is

216-459: The 19th century by such pianists as Franz Liszt and Clara Schumann . In the 19th century the company was for many years the publisher of the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung , an influential music journal. The company has consistently supported composers and had close editorial collaboration with Beethoven , Haydn , Mendelssohn , Schumann , Chopin , Liszt , Wagner and Brahms . In

240-617: The 19th century they also published the first "complete works" editions of various composers, for instance Bach (the Bach-Gesellschaft edition), Mozart (the Alte Mozart-Ausgabe ), and Schubert (the Franz Schubert's Werke ). This tradition continues today with prominent contemporary composers such as Heinz Holliger , Helmut Lachenmann and Wolfgang Rihm . The firm was on the board of directors of

264-563: The Deutsch Catalogue, in 1951, became honorary president of the editorial board. In 1964, Bärenreiter published a new German version of Deutsch's Schubert: Die Dokumente seines Lebens ( Schubert: A Documentary Biography ) as one of the Supplement volumes of the NSE. In 1965, the editorial board became fully operational, with members such as Walther Dürr , Arnold Feil and Christa Landon  [ de ] . Offices for

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288-786: The Monk of Salzburg in both number (about 120 lieder) and quality. From the 15th century come three large song collections compiled in Germany: the Lochamer Liederbuch , the Schedelsches Liederbuch , and the Glogauer Liederbuch . The scholar Konrad Celtis (1459–1508), the Arch-Humanist of German Renaissance, taught his students to compose Latin poems using the metric patterns following

312-564: The earliest German secular polyphony collections such as Johann Ott's Mehrstimmiges Deutsches Liederbuch (1534) and Georg Forster's Frische teutsche Liedlein (about 1540 onwards). According to Chester Lee Alwes, Heinrich Isaac 's popular song Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen "became the gold standard of the Lied genre". German-speaking composers Joseph Haydn , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven wrote Lieder for voice and keyboard. The great age of German song came in

336-503: The early fifteenth century, largely displacing the earlier word gesang . The poet and composer Oswald von Wolkenstein is sometimes claimed to be the creator of the lied because of his innovations in combining words and music. The late-fourteenth-century composer known as the Monk of Salzburg wrote six two-part lieder which are older still, but Oswald's songs (about half of which actually borrow their music from other composers) far surpass

360-575: The edition were set up in Tübingen and Vienna . The first score volume was published in 1967. Among the sponsors of the NSE project are the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities and its member organization Academy of Sciences and Literature of Mainz (AdW Mainz). In 1969 Feil and Dürr published an article about some of the challenges of

384-519: The late fourteenth or early fifteenth centuries, and can even refer to Minnesang from as early as the 12th and 13th centuries. It later came especially to refer to settings of Romantic poetry during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and into the early twentieth century. Examples include settings by Joseph Haydn , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Ludwig van Beethoven , Franz Schubert , Robert Schumann , Johannes Brahms , Hugo Wolf , Gustav Mahler or Richard Strauss . For German speakers,

408-520: The model of the Horatian odes. These poems were subsequently "set to simple, four-part music, incorporate the shifting accenmal patterns of the French vers mesurée ". The composers of this style included Heinrich Finck , Paul Hofhaimer , and Ludwig Senfl . The style also became imbued into the new German humanist dramas, thus contributing to the development of Protestant hymnody. The style is present in

432-492: The nineteenth century. With the flowering of German literature , German-speaking composers found more inspiration in poetry. Schubert found a new balance between words and music, a new expression of the sense of the words in and through the music. He wrote over 600 songs, some of them in sequences or song cycles that convey a journey of the soul, not the body. Song cycles (German: Liederzyklus or Liederkreis ) are series of Lieder (generally three or more) tied by

456-513: The project in the Österreichische Musikzeitschrift . A 1973 article by Dürr, Feil and Landon, in Die Musikforschung , explains the project's approach to the publication of critical reports. The New Schubert Edition was planned with 83 main volumes ( numerische Bände , lit.   ' numerical volumes ' ) in eight series: the first seven series containing 73 volumes with music scores ( Notenbände ), each complemented with

480-912: The scores and supplements, and the critical reports are published by the International Schubert Society. Counted in reale Bände , 76 of the projected 101 score and supplement volumes had materialised by the end of 2010, as had 47 of the critical reports. By late March 2015, the number of completed main volumes was 65 (out of 83), and the NSE project was scheduled to finish in 2027. By the end of 2015, 84 main volumes were planned (of which 68 were complete), and 84 score and supplement volumes, together with 61 critical reports, were published. Series I: Church Music ( Kirchenmusik ), 9 volumes: Series II: Stage Works ( Bühnenwerke ), 18 volumes: Series III: Part Songs ( Mehrstimmige Gesänge ), four volumes: Series IV: 14 volumes of Lieder , all score editions and critical reports by Dürr, and

504-562: The successor is sometimes referred to as new collected edition, in German: Neue Gesamt-Ausgabe (NGA). Eusebius Mandyczewski 's critical report of the last volume of the Alte Gesamt-Ausgabe was published in 1897, a century after Schubert's birth. The old collected edition has a limited critical apparatus , and soon after its completion previously unknown works by Schubert were discovered. From

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528-532: The term "Lied" has a long history ranging from twelfth-century troubadour songs ( Minnesang ) via folk songs ( Volkslieder ) and church hymns ( Kirchenlieder ) to twentieth-century workers' songs ( Arbeiterlieder ) or protest songs ( Kabarettlieder, Protestlieder ). The German word Lied for "song" (cognate with the English dialectal leed ) first came into general use in German during

552-776: Was a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the start of the NSE. The event, held from the first to the third of May, attracted some press attention for the NSE. On the occasion, the Deutsche Schubert-Gesellschaft congratulated the NSE and the International Schubert Society. In 2020, Thomas Seedorf wrote an article about the NSE in the yearbook of the Gesellschaft für Musikgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg  [ de ] . Breitkopf %26 H%C3%A4rtel Breitkopf & Härtel ( German pronunciation: [ˈbraɪtkɔpf ʔʊnt ˈhɛrtəl] )

576-505: Was continued by Robert Schumann , Johannes Brahms , and Hugo Wolf in the latter half of the 19th century. Gustav Mahler , Hans Pfitzner , Max Reger , Richard Strauss , Alexander Zemlinsky carried the tradition of the Lied into the 20th century. Arnold Schoenberg , Alban Berg , Anton Webern , and Ernst Krenek wrote tonal, atonal , and twelve-tone Lieder . Somewhat later, Paul Dessau and Hanns Eisler wrote Lieder of

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