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70-731: Since 1930 over 1.2 million people have been wed at the Marriage Bureau. Between 2000 and 2007 an average of 58 couples a day were married here. In 2007, more than 16,000 couples wedded at the Manhattan Marriage Bureau. Mayor Rudy Giuliani often performed weddings at the Marriage Bureau in person. In 2008 Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the Bureau would move from the Manhattan Municipal Building to new quarters in order to provide

140-596: A voucher -based system to promote private schooling. Giuliani supported protection for illegal immigrants . He continued a policy of preventing city employees from contacting the Immigration and Naturalization Service about immigration violations, on the grounds that illegal aliens should be able to take actions such as sending their children to school or reporting crimes to the police without fear of deportation . During his mayoralty, gay and lesbian New Yorkers received domestic partnership rights. Giuliani induced

210-633: A $ 148-million defamation lawsuit for his false claims about two election workers in Georgia, and unsuccessfully attempted to declare bankruptcy; he was ordered to surrender personal assets in October 2024 as part of the damages awarded to the election workers. In April 2024, he was indicted on charges related to the 2020 election in Arizona . He was later disbarred in the state of New York in July, and in

280-517: A Democratic Party committeeman on Long Island in the mid-1960s. In 1968, he volunteered for Robert F. Kennedy 's presidential campaign in the 1968 presidential election , and voted for George McGovern for president in the 1972 presidential election . After graduating from law school, Giuliani clerked for Judge Lloyd Francis MacMahon , United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. Giuliani did not serve in

350-406: A Department of Motor Vehicles office. The 24,000 square feet (2,200 m) space was decorated by interior designer Jamie Drake who also decorated Gracie Mansion and Mayor Bloomberg's private residence. The project cost was $ 12 million. The facilities contain two separate wedding chapels off the building's central rotunda. In the east chapel, the sofa and walls feature apricot and peach colors;

420-658: A Republican". Dinkins won the endorsements of three of the four daily New York newspapers, while Giuliani won approval from the New York Post . In the end, Giuliani lost to Dinkins by a margin of 47,080 votes out of 1,899,845 votes cast, in the closest election in New York City's history. The closeness of the race was particularly noteworthy, considering the small percentage of New York City residents who are registered Republicans, and it resulted in Giuliani being

490-634: A conservative Republican. He thinks he is, but he isn't. He still feels very sorry for the poor." In 1981, Giuliani was named associate attorney general in the Reagan administration , the third-highest position in the Department of Justice . As Associate Attorney General, Giuliani supervised the U.S. Attorney Offices' federal law enforcement agencies, the Department of Corrections , the Drug Enforcement Administration , and

560-525: A few cases, his arrests of alleged white-collar criminals at their workplaces with charges later dropped or lessened sparked controversy and damaged the reputations of the alleged "perps". He said veteran stock trader Richard Wigton, of Kidder, Peabody & Co. , was guilty of insider trading ; in February 1987 he had officers handcuff Wigton and march him through the company's trading floor , with Wigton in tears. Giuliani had his agents arrest Tim Tabor,

630-499: A few days before a corporation announced a takeover. Although insider trading of this kind was illegal, laws prohibiting it were rarely enforced until Boesky was prosecuted. Boesky cooperated with the SEC and informed on several others, including junk bond trader Michael Milken . Per agreement with Giuliani, Boesky received a 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 -year prison sentence along with a $ 100   million fine. In 1989, Giuliani charged Milken under

700-491: A fortune of about $ 200   million by betting on corporate takeovers, was originally investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for making investments based on tips received from corporate insiders, leading the way for the US Attorney's Office of the Southern District of New York to investigate as well. These stock and options acquisitions were sometimes brazen, with massive purchases occurring only

770-565: A job, was convicted of felony assault and robbery, and served prison time in Sing Sing . Once released, his father worked as an enforcer for his brother-in-law Leo D'Avanzo, who operated an organized crime -affiliated loan sharking and gambling ring from a restaurant in Brooklyn. Giuliani was raised a Roman Catholic . When he was seven years old, his family moved from Brooklyn to Garden City South on Long Island , where he attended

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840-431: A major campaign issue. By April 2000, reports showed Clinton gaining upstate and generally outworking Giuliani, who said his duties as mayor prevented him from campaigning more. Clinton was now eight to ten points ahead of Giuliani in the polls. Then followed four tumultuous weeks in which Giuliani learned he had prostate cancer and needed treatment; his extramarital relationship with Judith Nathan became public and

910-470: A more dignified setting for the marriages of New Yorkers, and attract couples who might otherwise travel to Las Vegas to be married, boosting New York's tourist industry. The new Marriage Bureau opened on January 12, 2009 on the ground floor at the Louis J. Lefkowitz State Office Building, a 1920s Art Deco building at 141 Worth Street (corner of Centre Street and Worth Street ) that was formerly occupied by

980-507: A record of 4,152 convictions and 25 reversals. As a federal prosecutor, Giuliani was credited with bringing the perp walk , parading of suspects in front of the previously alerted media, into common use as a prosecutorial tool. After Giuliani "patented the perp walk", the tool was used by increasing numbers of prosecutors nationwide. Giuliani's critics said that he arranged for people to be arrested but then dropped charges for lack of evidence on high-profile cases rather than going to trial. In

1050-427: A young arbitrageur and former colleague of Wigton, so late that he had to stay overnight in jail before posting bond. Within three months, charges were dropped against both Wigton and Tabor; Giuliani said, "We're not going to go to trial. We're just the tip of the iceberg", but no further charges were forthcoming and the investigation did not end until Giuliani's successor was in place. Giuliani's high-profile raid of

1120-495: Is considered the highest-profile United States Attorney's Office in the country and as such is often used by those who have held the position as a springboard for running for public office. It was in this position that he first gained national prominence by prosecuting numerous high-profile cases, resulting in the convictions of Wall Street figures Ivan Boesky and Michael Milken . He also focused on prosecuting drug dealers, organized crime , and corruption in government. He amassed

1190-457: The 1989 election , he succeeded in 1993, and was reelected in 1997, campaigning on a "tough on crime" platform. He led New York's controversial "civic cleanup" from 1994 to 2001. and appointed William Bratton as New York City's new police commissioner . In 2000, he ran against First Lady Hillary Clinton for a U.S. Senate seat from New York, but left the race once diagnosed with prostate cancer . For his mayoral leadership following

1260-551: The 2020 presidential election . His activities as Trump's attorney have led to allegations that he engaged in corruption and profiteering. In 2019, Giuliani was a central figure in the Trump–Ukraine scandal . Following the 2020 election, he represented Trump in many lawsuits filed in attempts to overturn the election results , making false and debunked allegations about rigged voting machines, polling place fraud, and an international communist conspiracy. Giuliani spoke at

1330-690: The Carter administration , Giuliani practiced law at the Patterson, Belknap, Webb and Tyler law firm , as chief of staff to his former boss, Ace Tyler. In later years, Tyler became "disillusioned" by what Tyler described as Giuliani's time as US Attorney, criticizing several of his prosecutions as "overkill". On December 8, 1980, one month after the election of Ronald Reagan brought Republicans back to power in Washington, he switched his party affiliation from Independent to Republican. Giuliani later said

1400-1023: The City Hall and blocking traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge . Dinkins and Giuliani never debated during the campaign, because they were never able to agree on how to approach a debate. Dinkins was endorsed by The New York Times and Newsday , while Giuliani was endorsed by the New York Post and, in a key switch from 1989, the New York Daily News . Giuliani went to visit the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson , seeking his blessing and endorsement. On election day, Giuliani's campaign hired off-duty cops, firefighters, and corrections officers to monitor polling places in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and The Bronx for cases of voter fraud . Despite objections from

1470-761: The Hispanic vote (43% from 37%) while maintaining his base of white ethnic and Catholic and Jewish voters from 1993. Giuliani served as mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. In Giuliani's first term as mayor, the New York City Police Department  – at the instigation of Commissioner Bill Bratton  – adopted an aggressive enforcement/deterrent strategy based on James Q. Wilson 's " broken windows " approach. This involved crackdowns on relatively minor offenses such as graffiti, turnstile jumping, cannabis possession, and aggressive panhandling by " squeegee men ", on

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1540-496: The Lucchese , Bonanno , and Genovese families rejected the idea, though Colombo and Gambino leaders, Carmine Persico and John Gotti , encouraged assassination. In 2014, it was revealed by former Sicilian Mafia member and informant Rosario Naimo that Salvatore Riina , a notorious Sicilian Mafia leader, had ordered a murder contract on Giuliani during the mid-1980s. Riina allegedly was suspicious of Giuliani's efforts prosecuting

1610-532: The Patriot Act ; John Savarese, now a partner at Wachtell Lipton Rosen & Katz; and Gil Childers, a later deputy chief of the criminal division for the Southern District of New York and now managing director in the legal department at Goldman Sachs. According to an FBI memo revealed in 2007, leaders of the Five Families voted in late 1986 on whether to issue a contract for Giuliani's death. Heads of

1680-605: The Phi Rho Pi college forensic fraternity and honor society. He graduated in 1965. Giuliani considered becoming a priest but decided to attend New York University School of Law in Manhattan , where he was a member of the New York University Law Review and graduated cum laude with a Juris Doctor degree in 1968. Giuliani started his career and political life as a Democrat , working as

1750-618: The September 11 attacks in 2001, he was called "America's mayor" and was named Time magazine's Person of the Year for 2001. In 2002, Giuliani founded a security consulting business, Giuliani Partners , and acquired, but later sold, an investment banking firm, Giuliani Capital Advisors. In 2005, he joined a law firm, renamed Bracewell & Giuliani . Vying for the Republican Party's 2008 presidential nomination , Giuliani

1820-533: The United States Marshals Service . In a well-publicized 1982 case, Giuliani testified in defense of the federal government's "detention posture" regarding the internment of more than 2,000 Haitian asylum seekers who had entered the country illegally. The U.S. government disputed the assertion that most of the detainees had fled their country due to political persecution, alleging instead that they were "economic migrants". In defense of

1890-459: The energy , infrastructure, finance and technology sectors, with practices in transactional, litigation, regulatory and government relations matters. The firm was founded on November 1, 1945, when J. S. Bracewell and his two sons, J. Searcy Bracewell Jr. and Fentress Bracewell, joined with Bert H. Tunks to practice together in Houston under the name of Bracewell & Tunks . Searcy Bracewell

1960-598: The 107th mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He previously served as the United States Associate Attorney General from 1981 to 1983 and the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1983 to 1989. Giuliani led the 1980s federal prosecution of New York City mafia bosses as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. After a failed campaign for Mayor of New York City in

2030-405: The 2000 election for the now-open seat. Because of his high profile and visibility, Giuliani was supported by the state Republican Party. Giuliani's entrance led Democratic Congressman Charles Rangel and others to recruit then- First Lady Hillary Clinton to run for Moynihan's seat, hoping she might combat his star power. In April 1999, Giuliani formed an exploratory committee in connection with

2100-541: The American Mafia and was worried that he might have spoken with Italian anti-Mafia prosecutors and politicians, including Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino , who were both murdered in 1992 in separate car bombings. According to Giuliani, the Sicilian Mafia offered $ 800,000 for his death during his first year as mayor of New York in 1994. Ivan Boesky , a Wall Street arbitrageur who had amassed

2170-604: The Democratic primary, Koch was upset by Manhattan Borough president David Dinkins . In the general election, Giuliani ran as the fusion candidate of both the Republican and the Liberal parties. The Conservative Party , which had often co-lined the Republican party candidate, withheld support from Giuliani and ran Lauder instead. Conservative Party leaders were unhappy with Giuliani on ideological grounds. They cited

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2240-488: The Dinkins campaign, who said that the effort would intimidate Democratic voters, Police Commissioner Ray Kelly assigned an additional 52 police captains and 3,500 officers to monitor the city's polling places. Giuliani won by a margin of 53,367 votes. He became the first Republican elected mayor of New York City since John Lindsay in 1965. Similar to the election four years prior, Giuliani performed particularly well in

2310-596: The District of Columbia in September. Giuliani was born on May 28, 1944, in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn , New York City, which at the time of his birth was a largely Italian American enclave of Brooklyn. He is the only child of working-class parents Helen (née D'Avanzo) and Harold Angelo Giuliani, both children of Italian immigrants. Harold Giuliani, a plumber and a bartender, had trouble holding

2380-454: The FBI does not collect. Sociologist Frank Zimring , in his 2006 book The Great American Crime Decline , claimed that "up to half of New York's crime drop in the 1990s, and virtually 100 percent of its continuing crime decline since 2000, has resulted from policing." Bratton was featured on the cover of Time magazine in 1996. Giuliani reportedly forced Bratton out after two years, in what

2450-419: The Five Families were sentenced to 100 years in prison on January 13, 1987. Genovese and Colombo leaders, Tony Salerno and Carmine Persico , received additional sentences in separate trials, with 70-year and 39-year sentences to run consecutively. He was assisted by three Assistant United States Attorneys: Michael Chertoff , the eventual second United States Secretary of Homeland Security and co-author of

2520-479: The Liberal Party's endorsement statement that Giuliani "agreed with the Liberal Party's views on affirmative action , gay rights , gun control , school prayer , and tuition tax credits ". During two televised debates, Giuliani framed himself as an agent of change, saying, "I'm the reformer," that "If we keep going merrily along, this city's going down," and that electing Dinkins would represent "more of

2590-826: The Princeton/Newport firm ended with the defendants having their cases overturned on appeal on the grounds that what they had been convicted of were not crimes. In the Mafia Commission Trial , which ran from February 25, 1985, through November 19, 1986, Giuliani indicted eleven organized crime figures, including the heads of New York City's so-called " Five Families ", under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) on charges including extortion , labor racketeering, and murder for hire . Time magazine called this "case of cases" possibly "the most significant assault on

2660-483: The RICO Act with 98 counts of racketeering and fraud. In a highly publicized case, Milken was indicted by a grand jury on these charges. In June 2021, Giuliani had his license to practice law suspended in the state of New York, pending an investigation related to his efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election. On July 2, 2024, he was disbarred in the state of New York. On September 26, 2024, he

2730-532: The Senate run. By January 2000, polling for the race showed Giuliani nine points ahead of Clinton, in part because his campaign was able to take advantage of several campaign stumbles by Clinton. In March 2000, however, the New York Police Department 's fatal shooting of Patrick Dorismond inflamed Giuliani's strained relations with the city's minority communities, and Clinton seized on it as

2800-544: The addition of 7,000 officers to the NYPD, lobbied for and hired by the Dinkins administration, and an overall improvement in the national economy. Changing demographics were a key factor contributing to crime rate reductions, which were similar across the country during this time. Because the crime index is based on that of the FBI , which is self-reported by police departments, some have alleged that crimes were shifted into categories

2870-543: The character played by Michael J. Fox on the American sitcom Spin City is married at the Marriage Bureau. Rudy Giuliani Mayor of New York City Trump Administration [REDACTED] Rudolph William Louis Giuliani ( / ˌ dʒ uː l i ˈ ɑː n i / JOO -lee- AH -nee , Italian: [dʒuˈljaːni] ; born May 28, 1944) is an American politician and disbarred lawyer who served as

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2940-524: The city and 64 percent said things were better in the city compared to four years previously. Throughout the campaign he was well ahead in the polls and had a strong fund-raising advantage over Messinger. On her part, Messinger lost the support of several usually Democratic constituencies, including gay organizations and large labor unions. The local daily newspapers – The New York Times , Daily News , New York Post and Newsday  – all endorsed Giuliani over Messinger. In

3010-537: The city's Democratic-controlled New York City Council, which had avoided the issue for years, to pass legislation providing broad protection for same-sex partners . In 1998, he codified local law by granting all city employees equal benefits for their domestic partners. With term limits , Giuliani was ineligible to run in 2001 for a third term as mayor. In November 1998, four-term incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement and Giuliani immediately indicated an interest in running in

3080-411: The credit is disputed. Crime rates in New York City had started to drop in 1991 under previous mayor David Dinkins , three years before Giuliani took office. A small nationwide drop in crime preceded Giuliani's election, and some critics say he may have been the beneficiary of a trend already in progress. Additional contributing factors to the overall decline in New York City crime during the 1990s were

3150-472: The end, Giuliani won 58% of the vote to Messinger's 41%, becoming the first registered Republican to win a second term as mayor while on the Republican line since Fiorello H. La Guardia in 1941. Voter turnout was the lowest in twelve years, with 38% of registered voters casting ballots. The margin of victory included gains in his share of the African American vote (20% compared to 1993's 5%) and

3220-468: The firm becoming known as Bracewell & Giuliani . He helped the firm in establishing its New York office. In January 2016, Giuliani left the firm by “amicable agreement,” and the firm was renamed Bracewell LLP . The firm's clients include major energy and natural resource concerns, from conventional energy sources to renewable energy such as solar power , wind power , hydrogen, hydropower, energy storage and renewable natural gas. The firm also has

3290-510: The general election, Giuliani once again had the Liberal Party and not the Conservative Party listing. Giuliani ran an aggressive campaign, parlaying his image as a tough leader who had cleaned up the city. Giuliani's popularity was at its highest point to date, with a late October 1997 Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll showing him as having a 68 percent approval rating; 70 percent of New Yorkers were satisfied with life in

3360-450: The government's position, Giuliani testified that "political repression, at least in general, does not exist" under President of Haiti Jean-Claude Duvalier 's regime. In 1983, Giuliani was appointed to be U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York , which was technically a demotion but was sought by Giuliani because of his desire to personally litigate cases and because the SDNY

3430-472: The infrastructure of organized crime since the high command of the Chicago Mafia was swept away in 1943", and quoted Giuliani's stated intention: "Our approach is to wipe out the five families." Gambino crime family boss Paul Castellano evaded conviction when he and his underboss Thomas Bilotti were murdered on the streets of midtown Manhattan on December 16, 1985. However, three heads of

3500-527: The killings of Amadou Diallo , Gidone Busch and Patrick Dorismond . Giuliani supported the New York City Police Department, by releasing, for example, what he called Dorismond's "extensive criminal record" to the public, including a sealed juvenile file. The Giuliani administration advocated the privatization of the city's public schools, which he called "dysfunctional", and the reduction of state funding for them. He advocated

3570-415: The law firm Anderson Kill Olick & Oshinsky, also in New York City. Giuliani first ran for New York City mayor in 1989, when he attempted to unseat three-term incumbent Ed Koch . He won the September 1989 Republican Party primary election against business magnate Ronald Lauder in a campaign marked by claims that Giuliani was not a true Republican after an acrimonious debate between the two men. In

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3640-534: The local Catholic school, St. Anne's. Later, he commuted back to Brooklyn to attend Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School , where he graduated in 1961. Giuliani attended Manhattan College in Riverdale, Bronx , where he majored in political science with a minor in philosophy. Giuliani was elected president of his class in his sophomore year, but was not re-elected in his junior year. He joined

3710-460: The military during the Vietnam War . His conscription was deferred while he was enrolled at Manhattan College and NYU Law. Upon graduation from law school in 1968, he was classified 1-A (available for military service), but in 1969 he was reclassified 2-A (essential civilian) as Judge MacMahon's law clerk. In 1970, Giuliani was reclassified 1-A but received a high 308 draft lottery number and

3780-405: The presumptive nominee for a rematch with Dinkins at the next election. Four years after his defeat to Dinkins, Giuliani again ran for mayor. Once again, Giuliani also ran on the Liberal Party line but not the Conservative Party line, which ran activist George Marlin. Although crime had begun to fall during the Dinkins administration, Giuliani's campaign capitalized on the perception that crime

3850-463: The rally preceding the January 6 United States Capitol attack , where he made false claims of voter fraud and called for "trial by combat". Later, he was also listed as an unindicted co-conspirator in the federal prosecution of Trump's alleged attempts to overturn the election . In August 2023, he was indicted in the prosecution related to the 2020 election in Georgia , Later in 2023, Giuliani lost

3920-552: The same, more of the rotten politics that have been dragging us down". Giuliani pointed out that Dinkins had not filed a tax return for many years and several other ethical missteps, in particular a stock transfer to his son. Dinkins filed several years of returns and said the tax matter had been fully paid off. He denied other wrongdoing, saying that "what we need is a mayor, not a prosecutor" and that Giuliani refused to say "the R-word ;– he doesn't like to admit he's

3990-723: The subject of a media frenzy; and he announced a separation from his wife Donna Hanover . After much indecision, on May 19, Giuliani announced his withdrawal from the Senate race. Bracewell %26 Giuliani Bracewell LLP is an international law firm based in Houston, Texas , that began in 1945. The firm has approximately 350 lawyers, and has United States offices in New York City , Washington, D.C. , San Antonio , Seattle , Dallas and Austin , as well as offices in Dubai , Paris and London . The firm works primarily in

4060-528: The switches were because he found Democratic policies "naïve", and that "by the time I moved to Washington, the Republicans had come to make more sense to me." Others suggested that the switches were made in order to get positions in the Justice Department. Giuliani's mother maintained in 1988 that he "only became a Republican after he began to get all these jobs from them. He's definitely not

4130-618: The system assert that it creates an environment in which police officials are encouraged to underreport or otherwise manipulate crime data. An extensive study found a high correlation between crime rates reported by the police through CompStat and rates of crime available from other sources, suggesting there had been no manipulation. The CompStat initiative won the 1996 Innovations in Government Award from Harvard Kennedy School . During Giuliani's administration, crime rates dropped in New York City. The extent to which Giuliani deserves

4200-517: The theory that this would send a message that order would be maintained. The legal underpinning for removing the "squeegee men" from the streets was developed under Giuliani's predecessor, Mayor David Dinkins. Bratton, with Deputy Commissioner Jack Maple , also created and instituted CompStat , a computer-driven comparative statistical approach to mapping crime geographically and in terms of emerging criminal patterns, as well as charting officer performance by quantifying criminal apprehensions. Critics of

4270-533: The west chapel is done in purple and lavender. Each chapel has an abstract painting that matches the walls and hangs next to the lectern from where the clerk performs the ceremonies. A marriage license in New York costs $ 35, and the fee to have the wedding performed at the Manhattan Marriage Bureau is $ 25. These fees can be paid by credit card or money order payable to the City Clerk. Michael Patrick Flaherty

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4340-409: The white ethnic neighborhoods in Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. Giuliani saw especially high returns in the borough of Staten Island, as a referendum to consider allowing the borough to secede from New York City was on the ballot. Giuliani's opponent in 1997 was Democratic Manhattan Borough president Ruth Messinger , who had beaten Al Sharpton in the September 9, 1997, Democratic primary. In

4410-613: Was an early frontrunner yet did poorly in the primary election ; he later withdrew and endorsed the party's subsequent nominee, John McCain . After declining to run for New York governor in 2010 and for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012 , Giuliani turned his focus to his business firms. After advising Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign and early administration , Giuliani joined President Trump's personal legal team in April 2018, remaining on it during

4480-449: Was disbarred in the District of Columbia under reciprocal discipline. Giuliani was U.S. Attorney until January 1989, resigning as the Reagan administration ended. He garnered criticism until he left office for his handling of cases and was accused of prosecuting cases to further his political ambitions. He joined the law firm White & Case in New York City as a partner. He remained with White & Case until May 1990, when he joined

4550-578: Was elected to the Texas Senate in 1946, representing Harris County , and ultimately becoming the Majority Leader of the Senate. Fentress Bracewell led the development of the firm, serving as the firm’s first managing partner. Fentress was appointed Houston Port Commissioner in 1968 and chaired the Port of Houston Authority for 15 years. Bert Tunks was appointed a district court judge in 1957 and

4620-479: Was later named chief justice of the First Court of Appeals. Harry W. Patterson joined the firm in 1951, and was made name partner in 1966 as Bracewell & Patterson prospered from the commercial growth of Houston. National expansion began during the 1970s, followed by international expansion later. On March 31, 2005, former New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani joined the firm as a name partner, with

4690-527: Was not called up for service. Giuliani switched his party registration from Democratic to Independent in 1975. This occurred during a period of time in which he was recruited for a position in Washington, D.C. , with the Ford administration : Giuliani served as the associate deputy attorney general and chief of staff to Deputy Attorney General Harold "Ace" Tyler . His first high-profile prosecution

4760-809: Was of Democratic U.S. Representative Bertram L. Podell ( NY-13 ), who was convicted of corruption. Podell pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest for accepting more than $ 41,000 in campaign contributions and legal fees from a Florida airline to obtain federal rights for a Bahama route. Podell, who maintained a legal practice while serving in Congress, said the payments were legitimate legal fees. The Washington Post later reported, "The trial catapulted future New York mayor Rudolph Giuliani to front-page status when, as assistant U.S. attorney, he relentlessly cross-examined an initially calm Rep. Podell. The congressman reportedly grew more flustered and eventually decided to plead guilty." From 1977 to 1981, during

4830-509: Was seen as a battle of two large egos in which Giuliani was not tolerant of Bratton's celebrity. Bratton went on to become chief of the Los Angeles Police Department . Giuliani's term also saw allegations of civil rights abuses and other police misconduct under other commissioners after Bratton's departure. There were police shootings of unarmed suspects, and the scandals surrounding the torture of Abner Louima and

4900-545: Was uncontrolled in the city following events such as the Crown Heights riot and the Family Red Apple boycott . The year prior to the election, Giuliani was a key speaker at a Patrolmen's Benevolent Association rally opposing Dinkins, in which Giuliani blamed the police department's low morale on Dinkins' leadership. The rally quickly devolved into a riot, with nearly 4,000 off-duty police officers storming

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