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58-684: The Nebraska College Conference ( NCC ), known as the Nebraska Intercollegiate Conference from 1916 to 1926 and later as the Nebraska College Athletic Conference ( NCAC ), was an intercollegiate athletic conference that existed from 1916 to 1976. The league had members, as its name suggests, in the state of Nebraska . The public colleges in the conference departed for the separate Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Association (NIAA) in 1928 but re-joined after 1942. In November 1959,

116-405: A basketball and association football competition. During the early stages of World War II in the region, most universities suspended their sports programs. The exceptions were Fu Ren University and Yanjing University which kept these programmes open until 1942 before shutting them down. Chinese universities organised boat races before the cultural revolution. These races were modeled after

174-465: A kind of social phenomenon. University sports was established in Japan by the 1930s. Even after World War II , university sports have established a glorious history and tradition, such as the revival of Waseda-Keio_rivalry ( ja:硬式野球 ) at Jingu Stadium in the fall of 1945 and the popularity of Shigeo Nagashima , who supported the golden age of Rikkyo University in the 1960s. From these developments,

232-426: A nationwide event. The Hakone Ekiden , which is said to increase the number of applicants and the income from examination fees as a result of winning and performing well in the event, is actually a Kanto region event. For more information on soccer, see College soccer#Japan . In addition to the general entrance examination, Japanese universities also offer Sports Recommendation Admission ( ja:スポーツ推薦 ). This system

290-572: A particularly important role in the frequent and sustained establishment of Western-style sports in Japan. After the student promulgation of 1873, modern sports first began to penetrate various schools, especially higher educational institutions such as universities, higher normal schools, and old high schools. Among the Westernization that was taking place in almost all areas of culture, including economics, politics, industrial technology, thought, literature, music, food, clothing, and architecture,

348-603: Is a national non-governmental organization responsible for advocating, supporting and promoting the interests of students ' sports and physical activities in Armenia . The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan . The Federation maintains numerous cooperation agreements with universities across Armenia. The Federation is responsible for sending student athletes to participate in various international and European level university sporting championships, including

406-471: Is a regional membership association for Canadian universities which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media. This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States . OUA, which covers Ontario ,

464-535: Is an annual national event which covers a large number of sports and competitive cultural activities (such as debating). The event is typically held over Easter , rotating around university centers. University sport was established in China by the 1930s. One of these programs was at the Catholic University of Peking . In 1936, members of the team traveled to Japan as members of a team to participate in

522-867: Is contested by college teams operated as intramural clubs. The Federation of School Sports Association of the Philippines (FESSAP) is the governing body recognized by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) in the Philippines. Notably, the two largest athletic associations in Metro Manila , the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) are not members, but

580-690: Is not competitive to compete in like the NCAA. BUCS Super Rugby is the top competition for university-level rugby in the United Kingdom. Currently, there are 10 universities that compete in BUCS Super Rugby. There were undergraduate boat races in Victorian England, and The Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge is still an annual event. The assimilation of sports into academic life at Cambridge and Oxford Universities in

638-703: Is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports . The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Atlantic University Sport (AUS), the Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CW), and Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ). OUA came into being in 1997 with the merger of the Ontario Universities Athletics Association and

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696-451: Is used to admit students who have achieved a certain level of athletic success in order to strengthen and maintain the strength of university sports teams. Many universities do this. However, the admission criteria, i.e., the number of students admitted, the degree of athletic achievement, and the way in which the academic performance of the applicant is taken into account, vary from university to university. Collegiate sports are organized by

754-689: The Canadian College Athletic Association (CCAA). Some Mexican universities are affiliated with professional association football teams. One such team is the Universidad Autonoma Pumas . College sports in Brazil is common in many college and universities, although it does not possesses the prestige and status of existing sports clubs, being relegated to amateurish. Most of the games are organized by student associations usually called "Atlética" of

812-615: The Figure Skating Federation of Armenia , among others. The ARMSSF organizes the annual "Student Sports Games of the Republic of Armenia". In November 2014, over 3500 students from 21 Armenian universities participated. The games are sponsored by the Ministry of Education and Science . Ontario University Athletics Ontario University Athletics ( OUA ; French : Sports universitaires de l'Ontario )

870-891: The Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC)). College athletics The first World University Games were held in 1923. There were originally called the Union Nationale des Étudiants Français . In 1957, following several previous renames, they became known in English as the World University Games. College athletics is a major enterprise in the United States, with more than 500,000 student athletes attending over 1,100 universities and colleges competing annually. The largest programs are: Among many other sports,

928-638: The Kōshien baseball tournament , a high school baseball tournament (played in spring and summer), and the All Japan High School Soccer Tournament , a men's soccer championship, Spring High School Volleyball ( ja ), basketball, Hanazono ( National High School Rugby Tournament ) for rugby, Ekiden's Miyakoōji ( All-Japan High School Ekiden Championship ) in Ekiden (played in winter), are held by high school teams in Japan, These are all

986-687: The Ontario Women's Intercollegiate Athletics Association . The first formal organization of intercollegiate athletics in Canada took place in 1906 with the formation of the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU). This organization had four active members: Ottawa College, Trinity College, McMaster College and the Royal Military College. As the years passed, the CIAU expanded until in 1954

1044-554: The University of Witwatersrand and the University of Cape Town which had already held such events. British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) is the governing body for university and college sports in the UK. It runs leagues in 16 sports and an annual championship meeting, which in 2011 covered 19 sports. BUCS organization is very different from the USA's NCAA in the sense that BUCS

1102-915: The World University Summer & Winter Games , the FISU World University Championships , and the Pan-European Student Games. The ARMSSF also organizes national events, competitions, and activities for students across Armenia and often collaborates with other sporting federations such as the Armenian Table Tennis Federation , the Armwrestling Federation of Armenia , the Armenian National Rowing and Canoe Federation , and

1160-472: The 1970s, the National Union of South African Students worked to create a university sports program where race was not considered in team and competition arrangements. The organisation faced some governmental hurdles. At the time, inter-racial sports was only allowed to be played on private grounds, which meant games and competitions could not be played on public university grounds. They had models from

1218-696: The Brazilian Confederation of College Sports - CBDU. UniSport Nationals is an annual multi-sport event held in Australia among its 43 member universities and tertiary institutions. Over 7000 university students participate in the event each year. Compared to the NCAA in the US and USports in Canada however, UniSport Nationals is less competitive and comparable to intramural -level of competition. Historically, university sports has received little academic attention in Australia. In 1863, rugby union

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1276-534: The CIAU, which had different player eligibility rules. Bob Barney of the University of Western Ontario, felt that the CIAU made a "play for real power over athletics in this country". In May 1976, the Windsor Star reported that Barney proposed realignment of schools at the 1976 OUAA general meeting, which "would bring together universities with similar philosophies towards athletics". In 1980, football

1334-697: The Korea University Sports Federation (KUSF) and students must be enrolled at a member institution in order to participate. It runs the U-League in six sports ( baseball , basketball , football , soft tennis and volleyball ) and the Club Championship in four team sports (baseball, basketball, football and volleyball). The U-League is mirrored after the domestic professional leagues and a large number of student-athletes eventually turn professional. The Club Championship

1392-562: The Nebraska College Conference accepted the withdrawal of Concordia College (now known as Concordia University Nebraska ), Dana College , and Midland College (now known as Midland University ). Those three schools joined the Tri-State Conference at its formation in 1960. Nebraska Wesleyan University left in 1969 to join the newly formed Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (NIAC) (now called

1450-786: The OUA hired the organization's first Executive Director. The “new” OUA office opened on September 1, 1998 in Hamilton. In 2001, the Queen's Golden Gaels and the Ottawa Gee Gees football teams rejoined the OUA from the OQIFC, expanding the OUA Football Conference to ten teams. In that same year, the CIAU changed its name to Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS). The 2004-05 season saw Royal Military College enter completely into

1508-570: The OUA in 2013. In October 2016, CIS changed its name to U Sports . Member Universities of the OUA compete in a variety of sports at both the varsity and club levels. The OUA awards the Queen's Cup to its men's ice hockey champion, the Yates Cup to its men's football champion and the Wilson Cup to its men's basketball champion. Winners of OUA championships generally go on to compete in

1566-549: The OUA. In the past, the Kingston school had competed in both the OUA and OCAA, but withdrew from OCAA competition entirely. In January 2006, the OUA welcomed its 19th member to the fold as UOIT was granted membership in a unanimous vote by the league's Board of Directors. The Oshawa-based school began competition in the 2006-07 season, participating in rowing and tennis, while joining men's and women's hockey in 2007-08. In March 2012, Algoma announced that they would be joining

1624-620: The OUAA saw three Quebec-based universities (Bishop's, Loyola (now Concordia) and McGill) receive "playing privileges" in the OUAA football league in 1974. In October 1975, the Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union (CIAU) suspended the Windsor Lancers from all sports for two years, for the use of an ineligible men's football player. Some older universities in the OUAA suggested withdrawing from

1682-423: The US, compensation is limited to athletic scholarships. There are athletic scholarships that are awarded to student athletes based on academic eligibility and athletic ability.  There is a minimum academic requirement for student athletes to achieve the scholarship. There is an amount cap on scholarships which varies between sports. Athletic scholarships are not only determined by the league caps but it varies on

1740-521: The United States as a byproduct of the Westernization policy developed by the Meiji Restoration after three centuries of national isolation. This was accomplished by so-called "hired foreigners" invited by the new government and Japanese people returning to the West. There were various types of channels through which Western-style sports were introduced to Japan, but it was the schools that played

1798-742: The University of Ottawa. In 1968, the O-QAA was divided into Eastern and Western Divisions in order to facilitate the scheduling of events. The 1960s also saw the creation of Canada's first national governing body for university athletics, the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (also CIAU), in 1961. In 1971, the Quebec-based universities in the O-QAA withdrew from the Association. Laval, McGill and Montreal elected to pursue their future athletic endeavours in

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1856-652: The amalgamation of the Women's Intercollegiate Athletic Union (WIAU), which was founded in 1923 and the Ontario-Quebec Women's Conference of Intercollegiate Athletics (O-QWCIA), the OWIAA continued the heritage of 50 years of women's interuniversity competition. This coalition was the only association for women's athletics to have survived through 60 years of commitment to women athletes in Ontario universities. In

1914-494: The athletic club (Undō-bu,ja:運動部) was formed as part of the extracurricular club activities (club-katsudō, ja:クラブ活動 ) at schools in Japan, which have various academies (bu), and sports activities.At each university, an organization called Taiikukai_Undō-bu(ja:体育会運動部) was formed, and the term taiikukai-kei ( ja:体育会系 ) was even coined. By 1977, ultimate Frisbee had been established as a university sport. National championships were held that year with Aichi Gakuin University winning

1972-769: The boat races in England. The Chinese Basketball University Association (CUBA) is currently China's most popular and competitive collegiate basketball league. In 2018, AliSports acquired the rights to broadcast the league for $ 150 million. Other university sports associations such as the Chinese Football University Association and the Chinese Marathon University Association are being broadcast by AliSports. Japan began to engage in sports when Western-style sports were introduced to Japan from Europe and

2030-414: The children of the bourgeoisie from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge attended the public schools. In the latter half of the 19th century, the elevation of sports was being planned by "tough Christians" activists who were graduates of public schools and Oxford and Cambridge universities, which were attended by the children of gentlemen who were the dominant class of British society and the children of

2088-693: The country. In 1955, it was agreed by the member institutions that the CIAU (Central Division as it was then called) would reorganize in two sections to be known as the Ontario-Quebec Athletic Association (with nine members) and the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Intercollegiate Association (with ten members). The original members of the O-QAA had been joined by the Assumption College (University of Windsor) and were joined in 1961 by Waterloo and 1968 by Carleton University and

2146-601: The emerging middle class bourgeoisie who admired them. This view of sports provided the conditions for the Japanese of the time to develop sports in the schoolhouse. After returning from the U.S., Hiroshi Hiraoka (平岡凞), a railroad engineer, founded Japan's first baseball team, the Shinbashi Club.Rugby was the first sporting event in Japan, with the founding of the Keio University rugby club in 1899. Soccer

2204-505: The era of both universities. (This later developed into the Waseda-Keio rivalry ), and baseball's popularity spilled over into the competitions between technical colleges and junior high schools (Utsunomiya vs. Mito, 5th High vs. Yamaguchi, 1st High vs. 3nd High, etc.). At a time when the mainstream entertainment for citizens was "watching", such as cherry blossom viewing, visiting temples and shrines , and sumo wrestling viewing, it

2262-494: The field of education in particular saw a remarkable development of Western-style sports. This was the groundwork for the emergence of Japan's unique modern sense of sports. The need to give meaning to the practice of sports in the field of education. In the latter half of the 19th century, the children of gentlemen, who formed the ruling class of British society, and the children of the emerging middle class bourgeoisie, who had unlimited admiration for them, attended public schools, and

2320-556: The inaugural event. Many of these new sports became popularized after being played by university teams (e.g. lacrosse ). In 2019, the Japan Association for University Athletics and Sport (UNIVAS), a general incorporated association, was established to strengthen university sports in Japan. See List of University Sports Competitions and Organizations in Japan( ja ) for more information on each athletic organization. In fact,

2378-526: The institution, team, and coaches standard. Each student athlete that competes under U Sports has five years of eligibility and must complete 3.0 credits every year prior to competing. There are other sports that compete at the university level but do not fall under the U Sports.  These sports may be legislated by the conferences including - Canada West (CanWest), Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Quebec Student Sport Federation (RSEQ), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). Colleges in Canada compete under

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2436-628: The largest athletic association in Metro Cebu , Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc. , is, as well as most other athletic associations in the provinces. The UAAP tried to wrest recognition away from FESSAP's recognition by FISU in 2013 but was denied. Varsity Sports (South Africa) is an organization of university sports leagues in South Africa. The organization currently sponsors seven events: athletics, beach volleyball, association football, field hockey, netball, and rugby sevens. During

2494-635: The more exciting because they are featured on live TV broadcasts and news programs. However, Few tournaments are nationally televised for student athletes in college sports, such as the All Japan University Rugby Championship . The Tokyo Big6 Baseball League is in Tokyo, and The Koshien Bowl , which is supposed to be the national American football championship, is only exciting in the Kansai region, so it cannot be said to be

2552-403: The most-watched competitions are American football and basketball , though there are competitions in many other sports, including badminton , baseball , softball , ice hockey , soccer , rugby union , volleyball , lacrosse , field hockey , cricket , handball , swimming and diving , track and field , golf , tennis , table tennis , pickleball , rowing , and many others depending on

2610-490: The national U Sports competition, against the champions of the other three conferences. Canadian athletic facilities are often listed by their "maximum capacity", which is often an estimate of their largest recorded crowd in the facility. These maximum capacities can and often do include standing room patrons and attendees seated on grass surrounding a playing field. Seated Capacity is the actual number of permanent seats, be they grandstands or permanently in use bleachers. This

2668-504: The newly formed Quebec Universities Athletic Association. In the resulting reorganization meetings, the remaining members of the O-QAA (Carleton University, University of Guelph, McMaster University, University of Ottawa, Queen's University, University of Toronto, University of Waterloo, University of Western Ontario and University of Windsor) voted to change their name to the OUAA (Ontario Universities Athletic Association). Invitations were extended to all Ontario universities to participate in

2726-464: The nineteenth century has also been documented. In the 1990s, ultimate frisbee became a popular sport on university campuses, leading to the establishment of a national sport federation. Universities in Wales support national development of athletics. The Wales National Pool at Swansea University provides for a high level development of swimming. The Armenian Student Sports Federation (ARMSSF)

2784-408: The passage of Title IX in the United States, universities must offer an equal number of scholarships for women and for men. Canada has over 14,000 student athletes within 56 universities under  U Sports . U Sports is the national sport governing body of university sport in Canada. There are 12 different sports annually that compete at 21 national championships throughout the year. Similarly to

2842-438: The reorganization meeting. As part of the reorganization, it was decided that all the trophies, records, etc. of the O-QAA would remain with and be recognized by the OUAA. The Ontario Women's Interuniversity Athletic Association was founded in 1971, which provided athletic competition for women students in the universities of Ontario. The OWIAA was unique in North America in both its longevity and singleness of purpose. Formed by

2900-433: The respective student course, resulting in intramural matches between teams of different courses, there are also extramural competitions between different universities, a famous derby are the matches between students from the Mackenzie University and Universidade de São Paulo - USP in São Paulo. Since 1935 the Brazilian University Games - JUBs are held, started as biennal event, it became annual since 1968, they are organized by

2958-425: The spring of 1972, the following institutions were admitted as full members of the OUAA: Brock University, Laurentian University, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, Trent University, Waterloo Lutheran University and York University. The Royal Military College of Kingston was admitted to the OUAA in 1973. Also in 1973, Waterloo Lutheran University changed its name to Wilfrid Laurier University. The continuing evolution of

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3016-491: The union had nineteen members. In 1954, the administration of the CIAU was becoming somewhat unwieldy. There was a great variation in the standards of play between institutions, a different philosophy towards athletics between many members and difficulties in agreeing upon common standards of eligibility. It was also felt that the name Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union was not truly appropriate since intercollegiate athletic associations were also in existence in other parts of

3074-428: The university. In the United States, college athletes are considered amateurs and their compensation is generally limited to athletic scholarships . However, there is disagreement as to whether college student-athletes should be paid. College athletics have been criticized for diverting resources away from academic studies, while unpaid student athletes generate income for their universities and private entities. Due to

3132-425: Was admitted to full membership while McGill, Concordia and Bishop's were granted playing privileges in basketball due to the folding of the Quebec Universities Athletic Association. Nipissing University was admitted in 1993 with full membership. July 1, 1997 marked a new era of university sport in Ontario. Both the OUAA and the OWIAA amalgamated to form one association, Ontario University Athletics. In November, 1997

3190-399: Was exciting for citizens to see university students taking part in American-born baseball games. People even gathered to watch the students practicing on the baseball field. The stadium was filled to overflowing with people who gathered to watch the games. Major newspapers such as Asahi Shimbun and Mainichi Shimbun wrote extensively about the success of the games, and college baseball became

3248-434: Was first played in Australia at the University of Sydney when several clubs affiliated with the university were established. One of Australia's earliest cricket teams was founded at the University of Sydney in 1854. This university affiliated team is one of the only teams from that period that still exists. New Zealand universities 's sports teams normally compete in local sports leagues against non-university teams. There

3306-486: Was played in 1904 with the founding of the soccer club at Tokyo Higher Normal School ( University of Tsukuba ). American football dates from 1934 with the founding of the American football club at Rikkyo University . Among the sports introduced from abroad, baseball became especially popular during this period. 1894 saw the appearance of the word "yakyū(野球)" as a translation of the word "base ball". Ichiko lost to Waseda University and Keio University in 1904, ushering in

3364-401: Was reorganized so that the teams of the Ontario-Quebec Intercollegiate Football Conference- West Division would form the new OUAA Football League. The OQIFC East teams: Ottawa, Carleton and Queen's would join the three Quebec schools in the new OQIFC. In 1987, the OUAA awarded playing privileges in hockey to three Quebec schools, McGill, Concordia and Trois Rivieres. In 1988, Lakehead University

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