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38-613: It runs for 10.6 miles (17.1 km) to the Farmington River about one-half a mile (0.80 km) south of Cherry Brook, Connecticut . A popular whitewater paddling route begins along Dings Road about one-tenth of a mile (0.16 km) downstream from the start of the Nepaug River. This river run is between Class I-II whitewater until the U.S. Route 202 bridge. The river then enters the Nepaug Reservoir at

76-570: A 68-foot (21 m) dam with a hydroelectric generator and a fish ladder , dams the river at Windsor, a few miles before the river flows into the Connecticut River. A number of other dams have been built on the river since European settlement, usually to power mills and other industry. A few, such as in Collinsville, are still mostly intact. The Collinsville Renewable Energy Promotion Act (H.R. 316;113th Congress) would instruct

114-425: A Central Chiricahua informant: Both the teepee and the oval-shaped house were used when I was a boy. The oval hut was covered with hide and was the best house. The more well-to-do had this kind. The teepee type was just made of brush. It had a place for a fire in the center. It was just thrown together. Both types were common even before my time ... A house form that departed from the more common dome-shaped variety

152-405: A fire is not needed, even the smoke hole is covered. In warm, dry weather much of the outer roofing is stripped off. It takes approximately three days to erect a sturdy dwelling of this type. These houses are "warm and comfortable even though there is a big snow". The interior is lined with brush and grass beds over which robes are spread.... The woman not only makes the furnishings of the home but

190-514: A frame of arched poles, most often wooden, which are covered with some sort of bark roofing material. Details of construction vary with the culture and local availability of materials. Some of the roofing materials used include grass, brush, bark, rushes, mats, reeds, hides or cloth. Wigwams are most often seasonal structures, although the term is applied to rounded and conical structures that are more permanent. Wigwams usually take longer to put up than tipis . Their frames are usually not portable like

228-436: A thatching of bundles of big bluestem grass or bear grass is tied, shingle style, with yucca strings. A smoke hole opens above a central fireplace allows smoke to escape when the firepit is used. A hide, suspended at the entrance, is fixed on a cross-beam so that it may be swung forward or backward. The doorway may face in any direction. For waterproofing, pieces of hide are thrown over the outer hatching, and in rainy weather, if

266-472: A tipi. A typical wigwam in the Northeast has a curved surface which can hold up against the worst weather. Young green tree saplings of just about any type of wood, 10 to 15 feet (3.0 to 4.6 m) long, were cut down and bent. While the saplings were being bent, a circle was drawn on the ground. The diameter of the circle varied from 10 to 16 feet (3.0 to 4.9 m). The bent saplings were then placed over

304-561: Is 80.4 miles (129.4 km) long, making it the Connecticut River 's longest tributary by 2.3 miles (3.7 km) over the Westfield River directly to its north. The Farmington River's watershed covers 609 square miles (1,580 km ). Historically, the river played an important role in small-scale manufacturing in towns along its course, but it is now mainly used for recreation and drinking water. The headwaters of

342-788: Is also popular with tubers, and the Crystal Rapids section in Collinsville and Unionville, Connecticut, which offers 4 miles (6.4 km) of Class 2 waters. The west branch of the river includes two hydroelectric dams in West Hartland and Colebrook , run by the Metropolitan District Commission of Connecticut . The largest dam on the east branch is the Saville Dam , which impounds the Barkhamsted Reservoir . The Rainbow Dam,

380-420: Is approximately two miles (3.2 km) long from north to south and approximately one mile (1.6 km) wide from east to west. Farmington River The Farmington River is a river, 46.7 miles (75.2 km) in length along its main stem, located in northwest Connecticut with major tributaries extending into southwest Massachusetts . The longest route of the river, from the origin of its West Branch,

418-572: Is generally used to refer to these kinds of dwellings in the Southwestern United States and Western United States and Northwest Alberta , Canada, while wigwam is usually applied to these structures in the Northeastern United States as well as Ontario and Quebec in central Canada . The names can refer to many distinct types of Indigenous structures regardless of location or cultural group. The wigwam

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456-522: Is not to be confused with the Native Plains tipi , which has a different construction, structure, and use. The domed, round shelter was used by numerous northeastern Indigenous tribes. The curved surfaces make it an ideal shelter for all kinds of conditions. Indigenous peoples in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands resided in either wigwams or longhouses . These structures are made with

494-506: Is recorded for the Southern Chiricahua as well: When we settled down, we used the wickiup; when we were moving around a great deal, we used this other kind... The English word wigwam derives from Eastern Abenaki wigwôm , from Proto-Algonquian *wi·kiwa·ʔmi . Others have similar names for the structure: wickiup : Nearly identical constructions, called aqal , are used by today's nomadic Somali people as well as

532-489: Is responsible for the construction, maintenance, and repair of the dwelling itself and for the arrangement of everything in it. She provides the grass and brush beds and replaces them when they become too old and dry.... However, formerly "they had no permanent homes, so they didn't bother with cleaning." The dome-shaped dwelling or wickiup, the usual home type for all the Chiricahua bands, has already been described.... Said

570-677: The Afar people on the Horn of Africa . Pieces of old clothing or plastic sheet, woven mats (traditionally made of grass), or whatever material is available will be used to cover the aqal ' s roof. Similar domed tents are also used by the Bushmen and Nama people and other indigenous peoples in Southern Africa. The traditional semi-permanent dwelling of the Sámi people of Northern Europe

608-800: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to issue licenses to the town of Canton, Connecticut , to restart two small power dams along the river. The bill passed the United States House of Representatives on February 12, 2013, but has not yet become law. Water released from or flowing over the Otis Reservoir dam enters the Farmington River just north of Reservoir Road in Otis, Massachusetts. Significant quantities of water are released during

646-717: The Massaco , a sub-tribe of the Tunxis , who were affiliated with the Wappinger . The name Tunxis, a word in the Quiripi family of Eastern Algonquian languages , derives from the indigenous term Wuttunkshau for "the point where the river bends". Halfway through the course of the river, in a floodplain in the town of Farmington at the base of the Metacomet Ridge , the flow of the Farmington River changes its direction to

684-596: The Younger Dryas indicate the presence of the earliest peoples to populate the region that would become known as southern New England . In the winter of 2019, the remains of the site were excavated in Avon , along with stone tools and artifacts constructed from materials in neighboring regions. The upper Connecticut and Farmington River valleys were the lands of the Native American indigenous people called

722-622: The Connecticut, lacking only the Yellow lampmussel , which is found only in the mainstem of the Connecticut from Turners Falls, MA downriver to Windsor, CT. Wigwams A wigwam , wickiup , wetu ( Wampanoag ), or wiigiwaam ( Ojibwe , in syllabics : ᐧᐄᑭᐧᐋᒻ ) is a semi-permanent domed dwelling formerly used by certain Native American tribes and First Nations people and still used for ceremonial events. The term wickiup

760-701: The Farmington River consist of the East and West Branches. The West Branch begins at the outlet of Hayden Pond in Otis, Massachusetts , while the East Branch begins in Hartland , Connecticut, at the confluence of Pond, Hubbard and Valley Brooks. The East Branch has been impounded along the first 11 miles of its course by the Saville Dam to create the Barkhamsted Reservoir and Lake McDonough, exiting

798-823: The Massaco was subsequently purchased by the Dutch. This and its settlement during the era of the Connecticut Colony are described in the early history of Simsbury . The Spoonville Dam, built on the Farmington River in 1899 below the Tariffville Gorge in East Granby , was breached in the Flood of 1955 and remained as a partial dam for several decades before being removed in July 2012. The dam, as well as

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836-557: The Sámi lavvu , other forms of chum are more permanent in nature. The more permanent forms of chum are very similar in construction to the timber or peat moss covered goahti dwellings of the Sámi, or the wigwams of the Native American cultures of the Eastern Woodlands and northern parts of North America. In Britain, similar structures known as bender tents , are built quickly and cheaply by New Age travellers , using poles from

874-806: The West Branch and main stem. It also hosts a robust population of wild, stream-born trout, which have been found to account for roughly 40% of the river's trout population. The West Branch, in particular, has developed a reputation as one of the best trout streams in the Northeastern United States, owing largely to being a bottom-release tailwater which remains cold, well-oxygenated and especially conducive to sustaining coldwater fish species year-round. The unique "Survivor Strain" brown trout, selectively bred at state hatcheries to be supremely adapted to Connecticut's waters, relies on annual collections of high-quality wild and holdover trout from

912-787: The West Branch. The river has several whitewater sections that are popular for tubing and kayaking. One of these, the colloquial "Upper Farmington" section of the West Branch in New Boston, Massachusetts , is about 7 miles (11 km) long. It is Class 2 through farm and woods scenery to an iron bridge, where kayak and canoe slalom races are held. A second whitewater section is found in Tariffville, Connecticut , consisting of 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of technical Class 2 and Class 3 water with heavy currents. Other whitewater areas include Satan's Kingdom in New Hartford, Connecticut, which

950-588: The bridge crossing the Farmington River downstream at Route 187 , derived its name from the silver plating factory erected in 1840 on the north bank of the river. It was the first factory of its kind in the United States. Several bridges constructed in the 19th century and early 20th century still span the Farmington River to this day. Among these are: The Farmington River is among Connecticut's most heavily stocked trout streams, with over 50,000 brook, brown, rainbow and tiger trout planted in 2022 throughout

988-419: The drawn circle, using the tallest saplings in the middle and the shorter ones on the outside. The saplings formed arches all in one direction on the circle. The next set of saplings were used to wrap around the wigwam to give the shelter support. When the two sets of saplings were finally tied together, the sides and roof were placed on it. The sides of the wigwam were usually bark stripped from trees. The male of

1026-683: The fall in order to drop the reservoir water level for the winter. Much of the Farmington River has been designated as part of the United States National Wild & Scenic Rivers System . The first such designation on the river was bestowed in 1994 and included 14 miles of water, mostly along the Farmington River West Branch but also a section of the river's main stem, from Hartland to the New Hartford - Canton town line. In 2019, this designation

1064-411: The family was responsible for the framing of the wigwam. Mary Rowlandson uses the term wigwam in reference to the dwelling places of Indigenous people that she stayed with while in their captivity during King Philip's War in 1675. The term wigwam has remained in common English usage as a synonym for any "Indian house"; however, this usage is dispreferred, as there are important differences between

1102-407: The floor at ground level. It is eight feet [2.4 m] high at the center and approximately seven feet [2.1 m] in diameter. To build it, long fresh poles of oak or willow are driven into the ground or placed in holes made with a digging stick. These poles, which form the framework, are arranged at one-foot [0.30 m] intervals and are bound together at the top with yucca-leaf strands. Over them

1140-541: The latter in New Hartford , Connecticut, and joining the West Branch one mile south of the lake. Upper reaches of the river generally flow southward, but the river turns northward in Farmington, Connecticut , and runs mostly north and east until it flows into the Connecticut River in Windsor, Connecticut . Sites built adjacent to the river by nomadic peoples at the end of the last Ice Age , c. 12,400 years BP of

1178-557: The northeast, where it eventually joins up with the Connecticut River in Windsor . When Europeans first arrived, the "Tunxis Sepus" territory consisted of a 165-mile square area bounded by Simsbury to the North, Wallingford to the South, to the northwest by Mohawk country, and on the east by the current towns of Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield. In 1645, the Town of Farmington, Connecticut

Nepaug River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-511: The northwest corner. The Nepaug Reservoir was created by the Nepaug Dam which is located at the northwest corner of the reservoir and is approximately one mile (1.6 km) from the Farmington River. The final section of the Nepaug River carries the overflow from the Nepaug Dam east to the Farmington River at Collinsville (near Cherry Brook, Connecticut). The Reservoir is managed by the Metropolitan District Commission . The Nepaug Reservoir

1254-473: The river, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection , Metropolitan District Commission , National Park Service , Farmington River Watershed Association and Farmington River Anglers Association. The Farmington River and its tributaries are known to contain 11 species of freshwater mussels . The Farmington has the highest mussel species diversity of any tributary to

1292-441: The temporary shelters were utilized for sleeping or as refuge in cases of inclement weather. When a dwelling reached the end of its practical life it was simply burned, and a replacement erected in its place in about a day's time. Below is a description of Chiricahua wickiups recorded by anthropologist Morris Opler: The home in which the family lives is made by the men and is ordinarily a circular, dome-shaped brush dwelling, with

1330-669: The wigwam and other shelters. During the American revolution the term wigwam was used by British soldiers to describe a wide variety of makeshift structures. Wickiups were used by different indigenous peoples of the Great Basin , Southwest, and Pacific Coast. They were single room, dome-shaped dwellings, with a great deal of variation in size, shape, and materials. The Acjachemen , an indigenous people of California , built cone-shaped huts made of willow branches covered with brush or mats made of tule leaves. Known as kiichas ,

1368-561: Was extended 1.1 miles further downstream to the confluence with the Nepaug River . Most of the Farmington River main stem and the Salmon Brook tributary system, totalling 61.7 miles of additional water, were also designated Wild & Scenic in 2019. The Farmington River Coordinating Committee oversees the implementation of management plans for the designated runs of the Farmington River and includes representatives from towns along

1406-628: Was named by the Connecticut General Assembly, and this was re-affirmed in 1650 by the execution of a deed by the General Assembly and the reservation of land for the "Tunxis Indians" near "Indian Neck" on the east bank of the Farmington River. A group of twenty wigwams existed in Farmington at the beginning of the eighteenth century, but only four or five families resided in the settlement by 1761 The land of

1444-863: Was the goahti (also known as a gamme or kota ). In terms of construction, purpose and longevity, it represents a close equivalent to a North American native wigwam . Most goahti dwellings consisted of portable wooden poles, covered on the outside with either timber or peat moss, in lieu of walls. This differentiated them from the other type of Sámi dwelling, the more temporary and tent-like lavvu , covered with skins or fabrics and somewhat similar to tipis. Some goahti houses were occasionally covered with skins or fabric as well, but were generally larger than lavvu , and goahti were always used as more permanent housing. Many native peoples of Northern Asia also built or build traditional semi-permanent dwellings known as chum . Though some of these Siberian native dwellings are more tent-like, reminiscent of Plains Indians' tipis or of

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