71-580: Nimar / Nimad is the southwestern region of Madhya Pradesh state in west-central India. This region has sub-regions which include Nimar, Khargone Khandwa Barwani Burhanpur and Dhar . The region lies south of the Vindhya Range , and consists of two portions of the Narmada and Tapti river valleys, separated by a section of the Satpura Range , about 15 miles (24 km) in breadth. On
142-526: A definition: The country termed Central India is, roughly speaking, the region lying between the twenty-first and twenty-fifth degrees of north latitude, and the seventy-third and eightieth degrees of east longitude... Depending on definition, Indore , the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh, is the largest city in the region. Other major cities include Raipur , Bhopal , Gwalior , Jabalpur , and Bilaspur . The states share many linguistic and cultural characteristics with North India including
213-497: A higher rainfall whereas the parts of the north-west receive less. Jabalpur, Mandla, Balaghat, Sidhi, and other extreme eastern parts receive more than 150 cm of rainfall. The districts of western Madhya Pradesh receive less than 80 cm of rainfall. The winter season starts in November. The temperature remains low in the northern parts of the state in comparison to the southern parts. The daily maximum temperature in most of
284-466: A major centre in the region, during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. It has served as the capital of the Avanti kingdom . Other kingdoms mentioned in ancient epics – Malava , Karusha , Dasarna and Nishada – have also been identified with parts of Madhya Pradesh. Chandragupta Maurya conquered northern India around 320 BCE, establishing
355-521: A number of places. The settlements of humans in present-day Madhya Pradesh developed primarily in the valleys of rivers such as Narmada, Chambal, and Betwa. During the early Vedic period, the Vindhya mountains formed the southern boundary of the Indo-Aryan territory. The Holkars of Indore , Scindias of Gwalior , Puars of Dewas Junior , Dewas Senior and Dhar State were powerful families of
426-477: Is a loosely defined geographical region of India . There is no clear official definition and various ones may be used. One common definition consists of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh , which are included in almost all definitions. Like some other definitions this takes the part of northern India that is "central" on an east–west axis. Thus the Central Zonal Council set up by
497-420: Is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and its largest city is Indore . Other major cities of the state are Jabalpur and Gwalior . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 72 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to
568-663: Is an indisputable historical fact. Later on Nimar was formed as a district of British India , in the Nerbudda Division of the Central Provinces . The administrative headquarters were at Khandwa ; but the capital in Muslim times was Burhanpur . Area, 4273 mi² (11,067 km²), population (1901) 329,615. The staple crops were cotton and millet; ganja or Indian hemp was also allowed to be grown under government supervision. The Great Indian Peninsula railway ran through
639-1011: Is divided into 55 districts for administrative purposes. The district is the main unit of administration. These districts are arranged in 10 divisions, listed below: The population of Madhya Pradesh consists of a number of ethnic groups and tribes , castes and communities. The scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes constitute a significant portion of the population of the State 15.6% and 21.1% respectively. The main tribal groups in Madhya Pradesh are Gond , Bhil , Baiga , Korku , Bhadia (or Bhariya), Halba, Kaul , Mariya , Malto and Sahariya . Mandla , Dhar , Dindori , Barwani , Jhabua and Alirajpur districts have more than 50% tribal population, with Jhabua and Alirajpur having nearly 90% tribal population. In Khargone , Khandwa , Burhanpur , Betul , Chhindwara , Seoni , Anuppur , Umaria , Shahdol and Singrauli districts 30–50% of
710-641: Is generally agreed. This definition includes either some or all of the Deccan , in particular Maharashtra , and may or may not include some of the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north. If Maharashtra is included "Central India" includes a good part of the western coast, including Mumbai , but the eastern coast is never included, as Odisha stretches down to meet Andhra Pradesh , and these are counted in Eastern and Southern India respectively (and none of
781-513: Is home to the largest number of Marathis outside Maharashtra. Although large numbers of Marathis can be found in urban centres like Indore, the highest concentrations are in the southern areas of the state adjoining Maharashtra. Marathi is the most-spoken language in Burhanpur district, while it is a major minority language in the southern parts of Mahakoshal especially Betul, Chhindwara and Balaghat districts. There are several languages spoken by
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#1732771783436852-986: Is mainly practised by Marathis in the south. Most respondents who answered 'Other' self-identified as following Adivasi religions such as Koya Punem of the Gonds. Three sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO : the Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) including Devi Jagadambi temple , Khajuraho , Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) and the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003). Other architecturally significant or scenic sites include Ajaigarh , Amarkantak , Asirgarh , Bandhavgarh , Bawangaja , Bhopal , Vidisha , Chanderi , Chitrakuta , Dewas , Dhar , Gwalior , Indore , Nemavar , Jabalpur , Burhanpur , Maheshwar , Mandleshwar , Mandu , Omkareshwar , Orchha , Pachmarhi , Shivpuri , Sonagiri , Mandla and Ujjain . Madhya Pradesh
923-1166: Is noted for its classical and folk music. Some of the noted Hindustani classical music gharanas in Madhya Pradesh include the Maihar gharana , the Gwalior gharana and Senia gharana . Two of the medieval India's most noted singers, Tansen and Baiju Bawra , were born near Gwalior in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Noted Dhrupad exponents Aminuddin Dagar (Indore), Gundecha Brothers (Ujjain) and Uday Bhawalkar (Ujjain) were also born in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Renowned classical singer Kumar Gandharva spent his life at Dewas. The birthplaces of noted playback singers Kishore Kumar (Khandwa) and Lata Mangeshkar (Indore) and singer and composer Aadesh Shrivastava (Jabalpur) are also located in MP. The local styles of folk singing are Faga, Bhartahari, Sanja geet, Bhopa , Kalbelia , Bhat, Bhand, Vasdeva, Videsia, Kalgi Turra, Nirgunia, Alha, Pandwani Gayan and Garba Garbi Govalan. Central India Central India
994-576: Is the 26th highest in the country (2018–19). According to the SDG India Index 2020–21 compiled by the NITI Aayog , Madhya Pradesh ranks 21st on sustainable development goals, 9th on gender equality, and 10th on clean water and sanitation. Languages in Madhya Pradesh (2011) The official language of the state is Hindi , which is spoken by over two-thirds of the population and is used for all government business. In urban areas Standard Hindi
1065-550: Is the main language, while Urdu is spoken by Muslims. In rural areas, however, most speak varieties counted as dialects of Hindi in the census, although most are quite distinct. In the west are Malvi and Nimadi in the Malwa and Nimar regions, which are more closely related to the Rajasthani languages . In Bundelkhand in the north and Baghelkhand in the east are spoken Bundeli and Bagheli which are eastern varieties of
1136-473: Is the state animal and the dudhraj is the state bird of Madhya Pradesh. Based on composition, the teak and sal forests are the important forest formations in the state. Bamboo-bearing areas are widely distributed. The Narmada is the longest river in Madhya Pradesh. It flows westward through a rift valley, with the Vindhya ranges sprawling along its northern bank and the Satpura range of mountains along
1207-710: Is under forest cover. Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in 2010–11. In recent years, the state's GDP growth has been above the national average. In 2019–20, state's GSDP was recorded at 9.07. Madhya Pradesh means "the central province" in Hindi . Isolated remains of Homo erectus found in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley indicates that Madhya Pradesh might have been inhabited in
1278-670: The Chandelas of Bundelkhand along with the Lodhis . The Chandellas built the majestic Hindu-Jain temples at Khajuraho , which represent the culmination of Hindu temple architecture in Central India. The Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty also held sway in northern and western Madhya Pradesh at this time. It also left some monuments of architectural value in Gwalior. Southern parts of Madhya Pradesh like Malwa were several times invaded by
1349-465: The Indian independence movement . Several notable leaders such as Chandra Shekhar Azad , B. R. Ambedkar , Shankar Dayal Sharma , Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Arjun Singh were born in what is now Madhya Pradesh. After the independence of India, Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the former British Central Provinces and Berar and the princely states of Makrai and Chhattisgarh, with Nagpur as
1420-684: The Islamic Suri dynasty , operated from the Gwalior Fort during 1553–56 and became the ruler of Delhi as a Vikramaditya king winning 22 battles continuously from Bengal to Gujrat and defeating Akbar's forces in the Battle of Delhi on 7 October 1556. However, he chose Delhi as his capital after his formal Coronation and left Gwalior. After Hemu's defeat by Akbar at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556, most of Madhya Pradesh came under
1491-553: The Maratha Empire which were based in Central India. The territories that now comprises Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh were ruled by numerous princes who entered into subsidiary alliance with the British . After independence , the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh , and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956. In 2000, the new state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh . The region
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#17327717834361562-781: The Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad , was founded by Dost Mohammed Khan , a former General in the Mughal army. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War , the British conquered the entire region. All the sovereign states in the region became princely states of British India , governed by the Central India Agency . The Mahakoshal region became a British province: the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories . In 1861,
1633-749: The Mauryan Empire , which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. Ashoka the greatest of Mauryan rulers, conquered it, bringing the region under firmer control. After the decline of the Maurya empire, the region was contested among the Sakas , the Kushanas , the Satavahanas , and several local dynasties during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. Heliodorus, the Greek Ambassador to the court of
1704-535: The Middle Pleistocene era. Painted pottery dated to the later mesolithic period has been found in the Bhimbetka rock shelters . Chalcolithic sites belonging to Kayatha culture (2100–1800 BCE ) and Malwa culture (1700–1500 BCE) have been discovered in the western part of the state. Madhya Pradesh is also the world's ninth-most populous subnational entity . The city of Ujjain arose as
1775-408: The Mughal rule. Gondwana and Mahakoshal remained under the control of Gond kings, who acknowledged Mughal suzerainty but enjoyed virtual autonomy . The Mughal control weakened considerably after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707. Between 1720 and 1760, the Marathas conquered most of Madhya Pradesh, resulting in the establishment of semi-autonomous states under the nominal control of
1846-723: The Peshwa of Pune : the Holkars of Indore ruled much of Malwa, Pawars ruled Dewas and Dhar , the Bhonsles of Nagpur dominated Mahakoshal-Gondwana area, while the Scindias of Gwalior controlled the northern parts of the state. The most notable Maratha rulers of the region were Mahadji Shinde , Ahilyabai Holkar and Yashwantrao Holkar . Besides these, there were several other small states , including Bhopal , Orchha , and Rewa . The Bhopal state , which paid tribute to both
1917-489: The 14th century. The Ain-i-Akbari, a significant historical document, makes reference to Khargao, a Mahal (Palace) located in Bijagarh, Nimar. As we progress into the fifteenth century, it becomes apparent that numerous Gawli or Ahir/Yadav chiefs took initiative in establishing small municipalities in southern Nimar, which notably included the Bijagarh fort. The Gazetteer firmly asserts that their dominion over these territories
1988-525: The 18 biosphere reserves in India. Most of them are located in eastern Madhya Pradesh near Jabalpur . Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Panna, and Satpura National Parks are managed as Project Tiger areas. The National Chambal Sanctuary is managed for conservation of gharial and mugger , river dolphin , smooth-coated otter and a number of turtle species. Ken-gharial and Son-gharial sanctuaries are managed for conservation of gharial and mugger. The barasingha
2059-407: The 18th century. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War in the 19th century, the region was divided into several princely states under the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . Some years after India's independence, the Central Provinces and Berar was renamed as Madhya Pradesh with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of
2130-611: The 1st to 3rd centuries CE. The Satavahana King Gautamiputra Satakarni inflicted a crushing defeat upon the Saka rulers and conquered parts of Malwa and Gujarat in the 2nd century CE. Subsequently, the region was conquered by the Gupta empire in the 4th and 5th centuries, and their southern neighbours, the Vakataka 's. The rock-cut temples at Bagh Caves in the Kukshi tehsil of
2201-403: The 2011 figures, the recorded forest area of the state is 94,689 km (36,560 sq mi) constituting 30.7% of the geographical area of the state. It constitutes 12.3% of the forest area of India. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest" (65.3%), "Protected Forest" (32.8%) and "Unclassified Forest" (0.2%). Per capita forest area is 2,400 m (0.59 acres) as against
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2272-532: The Adivasis. The various Bhil languages are Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 50 lakh Bhils of western Madhya Pradesh. Although many, especially in the eastern parts of their range, have adopted the regional languages as mother tongue, the languages are still strong in the far-western hills especially Barwani, Jhabua and Alirajpur districts where they are in the majority. Bhili , the Bareli languages and Bhilali are
2343-582: The British merged the Nagpur Province with the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories to form the Central Provinces . During the 1857 uprising , rebellions happened in the northern parts of the state, led by leaders like Tatya Tope , Rani Avantibai Lodhi . However, these were crushed by the British and the princes loyal to them. The state witnessed a number of anti-British activities and protests during
2414-632: The Dhar District show the presence of the Gupta dynasty in the region, supported by the testimony of a Badwani inscription dated to the year of 487 CE. The attacks of the Hephthalites or White Huns brought about the collapse of the Gupta empire, which broke up into smaller states. The King Yasodharman of Malwa defeated the Huns in 528, ending their expansion. Later, Harsha (c. 590–647) ruled
2485-754: The Ganges basin consists of the Son , the Tons and the Rihand Rivers. Son, which arises in the Maikal hills around Amarkantak , is the largest tributary that goes into the Ganges on the south bank and that does not arise from the Himalayas . Son and its tributaries contribute the bulk of the monsoon flow into the Ganges, because the north bank tributaries are all snow fed. The forests in their basins are much richer than
2556-480: The Hindi languages, similar to Awadhi or Chhattisgarhi . In the southeast is spoken Chhattisgarhi and Powari is the language of the far south, both Eastern Hindi languages. Most speakers of these languages consider them to be dialects of Hindi and so report their language as 'Hindi' on the census. Marathi is another significant language. Due to Maratha rule over much of what is now Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
2627-489: The Indian government includes both these states, plus Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand to the north, the last taking the region to the border with Tibet/China in the Himalayas . Another approach, historically more usual, is to base "Central India" on a north-south axis, making it the part of India that is south of North India and north of South India ; the definition of South India also varies hugely, but that of North India
2698-566: The Nimar District of the new state of Madhya Pradesh, with its administrative seat at Khandwa; the Nimar District of Indore state became the Nimar district of the new state of Madhya Bharat , with its administrative seat at Khargone . When Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956, The former Madhya Bharat district became West Nimar District , while the eastern district became East Nimar District . West Nimar district
2769-739: The Pench, the Kanhan rivers, discharge an enormous volume of water into the Godavari river system. The Godavari basin consists of sub-tropical , semi-moist forests, mainly in the valley of the Indrawati. There are many important multi-state irrigation projects in development, including the Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects . Madhya Pradesh is divided into the following agro-climatic zones: Madhya Pradesh
2840-713: The Shunga King Bhagabhadra erected the Heliodorus pillar near Vidisha. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial centre of western India from the first century CE , located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. The Satavahana dynasty of the northern Deccan and the Saka dynasty of the Western Satraps fought for the control of Madhya Pradesh during
2911-556: The advantage of preserving the common "UP" abbreviation for what was formerly the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh . This definition is rather similar to the territories, all princely states , grouped by the British Raj in 1854 as the Central India Agency (not to be confused with the Central Provinces , bordering this to the south). The Memoir of Central India by Sir John Malcolm , Governor of Bombay begins with
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2982-533: The capital of the state. The new states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh , and Bhopal were formed out of the Central India Agency. In 1956, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh , and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi -speaking southern region Vidarbha , which included Nagpur, was ceded to Bombay state . Jabalpur was chosen to be the capital of the state but at
3053-424: The census of 2011, 90.9% of residents followed Hinduism , while minorities are Muslim (6.6%), Jain (0.8%), Buddhists (0.3%), Christians (0.3%), and Sikhs (0.2%). Madhya Pradesh is home to several pilgrimage sites including Amarkantak at the source of the Narmada and the Ghats of Omkareshwar , also on the Narmada. Temples can be found throughout the state. Buddhism and Jainism were once prominent religions in
3124-523: The district, and a branch of the Rajputana line from Indore joined it at Khandwa. There were factories for ginning and pressing cotton at Khandwa, and manufacture of gold-embroidered cloth at Burhanpur. The district contained extensive forests, and the government preserved a section known is the Punasa forest, which extended for about 120 miles (190 km) along the south bank of the Narmada, home to forests of teak ( Tectona grandis ), sain ( Terminalia tomentosa ) and anjan ( Hardwickia binata ) trees. Nimar
3195-420: The dominant regional languages while their own tongues are considered 'backward' and 'rural'. The following languages are taught in schools in Madhya Pradesh under the Three Language Formula: First language: Any Scheduled Language Second language: Hindi, Urdu or English Third language: Another Scheduled Language, Arabic , Persian , French , Russian Religion in Madhya Pradesh (2011) According to
3266-512: The eastern coast is part of the Hindi Belt ). Another definition is "the hill-country south of the Ganges plain", but north of the Deccan. Some official divisions of the country do not recognise any "Central" division at all. Another definition, which treats the Deccan as a different unit, defines "Central India" as Madhya Pradesh and "eastern and central Uttar Pradesh ". "Madhya Pradesh" means "central province", while "Uttar Pradesh" means "northern province", though when adopted in 1950 it had
3337-415: The end of the 14th century, independent regional kingdoms re-emerged, including the Tomara kingdom of Gwalior and the Muslim Sultanate of Malwa , with its capital at Mandu . The Malwa Sultanate was conquered by the Sultanate of Gujarat in 1531. In the 1540s, most parts of the state fell to Sher Shah Suri , and subsequently to the Hindu king Hemu . Hemu, who had earlier served as the General of
3408-430: The highest peak, about 800 ft (244 m) above the plain and 1800 ft (549 m) above sea-level, stands the fortress of Asirgarh , commanding a pass which has for centuries been the chief highway between Upper India and the Deccan. The Nimar region is home to the Nimadi language . According to historical records found in the Indore Gazetteer, Bija Gawli, also known as Bija Singh Ahir, held the position of king in Nimar during
3479-405: The last moment, due to political interference Jabalpur sacrificed his place of Capital but then Bhopal was made the state capital. In November 2000, as part of the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act, the southeastern portion of the state split off to form the new state of Chhattisgarh . Madhya Pradesh literally means "Central Province", and is located in the geographic heart of India in between
3550-401: The latitude of 21.6°N–26.30°N and longitude of 74°9'E–82°48'E. The state straddles the Narmada River , which runs east and west between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges; these ranges and the Narmada are the traditional boundaries between the north and south of India. The highest point in Madhya Pradesh is Dhupgarh , with an elevation of 1,350 m (4,429 ft). The state is bordered on
3621-406: The main tributaries of the Yamuna. Shipra River is one of the most sacred rivers of Hinduism. It is the site of the Simhastha Kumbh Mela , which is held every 12 years. Shipra is stretched across Indore, Ujjain and Dewas. The land drained by these rivers is agriculturally rich, with the natural vegetation largely consisting of grass and dry deciduous forest types, largely thorny. The eastern part of
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#17327717834363692-481: The major varieties spoken in the state. Gondi is the second-largest Adivasi language, spoken by 11 lakh Gonds in the state. A Dravidian language related to Telugu , it is mainly spoken in the southern Satpura highlands of Mahakoshal, where it is spoken with the regional languages. Some in the more remote valleys of the Satpuras speak a poorly-described Dravidian dialect called Bharia . Smaller minorities of Gondi speakers can be found in Khandwa and Dewas districts in
3763-449: The national average of 700 m (0.17 acres). The forest cover is less dense in the northern and western parts of the state, which contain the major urban centres. Variability in climatic and edaphic conditions brings about significant difference in the forest types of the state. In January 2019 1.5 million volunteers in the state planted 66 million trees in 12 hours along the Narmada river . The major types of soils found in
3834-407: The northern part of January remains between 15 and 18 °C. The climate is generally dry and pleasant with a clear sky. The average rainfall is about 1,194 mm (47.0 in). The southeastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm (84.6 in), while the western and northwestern districts receive 1,000 mm (39.4 in) or less. According to
3905-418: The northern parts of the state . Malwa was ruled by the south Indian Rashtrakuta Dynasty from the late 8th century to the 10th century. When the south Indian Emperor Govinda III of the Rashtrakuta dynasty annexed Malwa, he set up the family of one of his subordinates there, who took the name of Paramara . The Medieval period saw the rise of the Rajput clans, including the Paramaras of Malwa and
3976-459: The population is tribal. According to the 2011 census, the tribal population in Madhya Pradesh was 15.34 million, constituting 21.1% of the total population. There were 46 recognised Scheduled Tribes and three of them have been identified as "Special Primitive Tribal Groups" in the State. Madhya Pradesh ranks 33rd on the Human Development Index with a value of 0.606 (2018). The state's per-capita gross state domestic product (nominal GDP)
4047-452: The predominance of Hindi . The Bhimbetka caves show evidence of paleolithic settlements in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Stone age tools have also been discovered at various places along the Narmada river valley. Chalcolithic sites have been discovered at a number of places including Eran , Kayatha, Maheshwar, Nagda, and Navdatoli. Rock shelters with cave paintings, the earliest of which can be dated to 30,000 BCE, have also been discovered at
4118-435: The present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's Maharashtra. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region
4189-458: The region. It is the main source of water and acts as a lifeline to the state. The Vindhyas form the southern boundary of the Ganges basin, with the western part of the Ganges basin draining into the Yamuna and the eastern part directly into the Ganges itself. All the rivers, which drain into the Ganges, flow from south to north, with the Chambal , Shipra , Kali Sindh , Parbati , Kuno , Sind , Betwa , Dhasan , Ken and Sunarrivers being
4260-411: The south Indian Western Chalukya Empire which imposed its rule on the Paramara kingdom of Malwa. The Paramara King Bhoja (c. 1010–1060) was claimed to be a renowned polymath . The small Gond kingdoms emerged in the Gondwana and Mahakoshal regions of the state. Northern Madhya Pradesh was conquered by the Turkic Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century. After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate at
4331-423: The southern. Its tributaries include the Banjar, the Tawa , the Machna , the Shakkar , the Denwa and the Sonbhadra rivers. The Tapti River runs parallel to Narmada, and also flows through a rift valley. The Narmada–Tapti systems carry an enormous volume of water and provide drainage for almost a quarter of the land area of Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada river is considered very sacred and is worshipped throughout
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#17327717834364402-728: The state are: Madhya Pradesh is home to eleven National Parks ; Bandhavgarh National Park , Kanha National Park , Satpura National Park , Sanjay National Park , Madhav National Park , Van Vihar National Park , Mandla Plant Fossils National Park , Panna National Park , Pench National Park and Dinosaur National Park, Dhar. There are also a number of nature reserves, including Amarkantak , Bagh Caves , Balaghat , Bori Natural Reserve, Ken Gharial, Ghatigaon , Kuno Palpur , Narwar , Chambal , Kukdeshwar, Chidi Kho, Nauradehi , Pachmarhi , Panpatha, Shikarganj, Patalkot, and Tamia . Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve in Satpura Range, Amarkantak biosphere reserve and Panna National Park are three of
4473-446: The state, especially in the central plateau near Raisen and Bhopal. Malwa is still home to a significant Jain minority. Jains are particularly concentrated in the urban centres of the Malwa region. Islam arrived with Muslim rule in the 14th century, although its influence was and is limited to major urban centres. Islam is a major religion in Bhopal and Burhanpur, and Bhopal is home to many prominent Islamic shrines. Buddhism in modern times
4544-410: The thorn forests of the northwestern part of Madhya Pradesh. After the formation of Chhattisgarh State, the major portion of Mahanadi basin now lies in Chhattisgarh. Presently, only 154 km basin area of Hasdeo River in Anuppur District lies in Madhya Pradesh. The Satpuras , in the Gawilgarh and Mahadeo Hills , also contain a watershed, which is south facing. The Wainganga , the Wardha ,
4615-448: The west as well as Anuppur, Sidhi and Singrauli districts in the east. Elsewhere in the state, the Gonds have almost totally abandoned their original language. Korku , a Munda language , has over 400,000 speakers in the central highlands of the state. In the far-southeast of Burhanpur can be found some speakers of the language isolate Nihali who live among the Korku. All speakers of tribal languages face significant pressure to switch to
4686-440: The west by Gujarat , on the northwest by Rajasthan , on the northeast by Uttar Pradesh , on the east by Chhattisgarh , and on the south by Maharashtra . Madhya Pradesh also has three major seasons – Summer, Monsoon, and Winter. During summer (March–June), the temperature in the entire state ranges above 34.6 it has increased as it is all-time high in Madhya Pradesh. In general, the eastern parts of Madhya Pradesh are hotter than
4757-412: The west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain (also known as Avantika) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India. The Maratha Empire dominated the majority of
4828-399: The western parts. The regions like Gwalior, Morena and Datia record temperatures of over 42 °C in May. The humidity is relatively very low and the region usually experiences frequent mild dust storms. The southwest Monsoon usually breaks out in mid-June and the entire state receives a major share of its rainfall between June and September. The south and south-east regions tend to experience
4899-506: Was also a district in the princely state of Indore lying west of the British district on both banks of the Narmada. Area, 3871 mile² (10,026 km²); pop. (1901) 257,110. From 1823 onwards this tract, then belonging to Sindhia rulers of Gwalior , was under British management; in 1861 it was ceded in full sovereignty to the British, but in 1867 it passed to Holkar rulers of Indore as the result of an exchange of territory. After Indian independence in 1947 , The former British district became
4970-452: Was designated a separate state. Madhya Pradesh's economy is the 10th-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 9.17 trillion (US$ 110 billion) and has the country's 26th highest per-capita income of ₹ 109,372. Madhya Pradesh ranks 23rd among Indian states in human development index . Rich in mineral resources, Madhya Pradesh has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. 25.14% of its area
5041-579: Was split into the districts of Barwani and Khargone on 24 May 1998 and similarly East Nimar district was split into the districts of Khandwa and Burhanpur on 15 August 2003. The population of this region according to the 2011 Census is 7,044,884 people. 21°49′N 76°21′E / 21.82°N 76.35°E / 21.82; 76.35 निमाड़ रैप || Nimad Rap Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh ( / ˌ m ɑː d j ə p r ə ˈ d ɛ ʃ / ; Hindi: [ˈməd̪ʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ] ; lit. ' Central Province ' )
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