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48-577: Särkänniemi is the biggest rival for Linnanmäki as the lead amusement park in Finland. Both are about the same size. The park gave up the dolphinarium in 2016 and the dolphins were safely transported to Attica Zoological Park in Greece. The park has more than 30 rides and attractions. There are also two water rides in the park, a log flume called Tukkijoki and a river rapids called Koskiseikkailu. The roller coaster Trombi will be removed in autumn 2024. In

96-401: A distribution system for potable water , and to provide emergency storage for fire protection. Water towers often operate in conjunction with underground or surface service reservoirs , which store treated water close to where it will be used. Other types of water towers may only store raw (non-potable) water for fire protection or industrial purposes, and may not necessarily be connected to

144-499: A 168m tall Observation Tower that opened in 1971, The Sara Hilden Art Museum opened in 1979, and the Dolphinarium opened in 1985. The amusement park aspect of Särkänniemi started in 1973 with the opening of Neulan Huvipuisto (Neula Amusement Park); in the beginning the park offered only a handful of children's rides. In 1975 the city of Tampere took over the operations of the fun park and integrated it into other attractions on

192-661: A large ivy -covered trellis or they can be simply painted. Some city water towers have the name of the city painted in large letters on the roof, as a navigational aid to aviators and motorists . Sometimes the decoration can be humorous. An example of this are water towers built side by side, labeled HOT and COLD . Cities in the United States possessing side-by-side water towers labeled HOT and COLD include Granger, Iowa ; Canton, Kansas ; Pratt, Kansas , and St. Clair, Missouri . Eveleth, Minnesota at one time had two such towers, but no longer does. Many small towns in

240-407: A letter to Linnanmäki's management, criticizing the attraction as demeaning to women. Consequently, the attraction was closed in 1980. [REDACTED] Media related to Linnanmäki at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Linnanmäki travel guide from Wikivoyage Water tower A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize

288-403: A museum facility near the main entrance that hosted several exhibitions annually. The park is easily accessible from the city centre by tram lines 3, 8, and 9, as well as bus line 23. Linnanmäki currently features 42 rides along with various non-ride attractions. The park's most iconic ride is Vuoristorata , a wooden roller coaster that opened in 1951. It is the most recognisable symbol of

336-471: A personal wristband for each day of the season. Separate priority boarding tickets are also offered for Taiga and Swingi, allowing riders to skip the line through a dedicated entrance. Linnanmäki hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, such as the popular iik!week horror festival and the traditional Valokarnevaali ("Carnival of Light"). These events are held in the autumn and have been organized since 2016 and 2006, respectively. Until 2019,

384-425: A platform above a water tank , shielded by a net. For a fee, visitors attempted to hit a target on a pole with a ball. If successful, the target's release mechanism would trigger, causing the performer to fall into the water. In the 1970s, men were also included as performers after a women's organisation highlighted the issue of gender equality . In 1978, Naisasialiitto Unioni , a Finnish women's organisation, sent

432-416: A public water supply. Water towers are able to supply water even during power outages , because they rely on hydrostatic pressure produced by elevation of water (due to gravity ) to push the water into domestic and industrial water distribution systems; however, they cannot supply the water for a long time without power, because a pump is typically required to refill the tower. A water tower also serves as

480-510: A pulsing flow, while the pressurized water distribution system required constant pressure. Standpipes also provided a convenient fixed location to measure flow rates. Designers typically enclosed the riser pipes in decorative masonry or wooden structures. By the late 19th century, standpipes grew to include storage tanks to meet the ever-increasing demands of growing cities. Many early water towers are now considered historically significant and have been included in various heritage listings around

528-422: A reservoir to help with water needs during peak usage times. The water level in the tower typically falls during the peak usage hours of the day, and then a pump fills it back up during the night. This process also keeps the water from freezing in cold weather, since the tower is constantly being drained and refilled. Although the use of elevated water storage tanks has existed since ancient times in various forms,

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576-420: A variety of family-friendly and kiddie rides . Admission to the park is free, but most rides require either a ride ticket or the more popular wristband. The wristband grants unlimited access to all rides for the entire day, subject to height restrictions. As of 2013 , the wristband price is the same for all customers, regardless of age or height. Additionally, a season pass is available, providing customers with

624-487: A water tower present, pumps can be sized for average demand, not peak demand; the water tower can provide water pressure during the day and pumps will refill the water tower when demands are lower. Using wireless sensor networks to monitor water levels inside the tower allows municipalities to automatically monitor and control pumps without installing and maintaining expensive data cables. The adjacent image shows three architectural approaches to incorporating these tanks in

672-685: Is a water tower topped with a sphere-shaped water tank in Union, New Jersey , and characterized as the World's Tallest Water Sphere . A Star Ledger article suggested a water tower in Erwin, North Carolina completed in early 2012, 219.75 ft (66.98 m) tall and holding 500,000 US gallons (1,900 m ), had become the World's Tallest Water Sphere. However, photographs of the Erwin water tower revealed

720-475: Is an amusement park in Helsinki , Finland. It was opened on 27 May 1950 and is owned by the non-profit Children's Day Foundation ( Finnish : Lasten Päivän Säätiö , Swedish: Stiftelsen Barnens Dag ), which operates the park to raise funds for Finnish child welfare work. In 2023, the foundation donated € 4.5 million, and so far has donated a total of over €130 million to this cause. Linnanmäki

768-414: Is enough pressure to operate and provide for most domestic water pressure and distribution system requirements. The height of the tower provides the pressure for the water supply system, and it may be supplemented with a pump . The volume of the reservoir and diameter of the piping provide and sustain flow rate. However, relying on a pump to provide pressure is expensive; to keep up with varying demand,

816-962: Is located in Edmond . The Earthoid , a perfectly spherical tank located in Germantown, Maryland is 100 ft (30 m) tall and holds 2,000,000 US gallons (7,600 m ) of water. The name is taken from it being painted to resemble a globe of the world. The golf ball-shaped tank of the water tower at Gonzales, California is supported by three tubular legs and reaches about 125 ft (38 m) high. The Watertoren (or Water Towers) in Eindhoven , Netherlands contain three spherical tanks, each 10 m (33 ft) in diameter and capable of holding 500 cubic metres (130,000 US gal) of water, on three 43.45 m (142.6 ft) spires were completed in 1970. Water towers can be surrounded by ornate coverings including fancy brickwork ,

864-467: Is tall. A spheroid looks like a round pillow that is somewhat flattened. A cross section of a spheroid in two directions (east-west or north-south) is an ellipse, but in only one direction (top-bottom) is it a perfect circle. Both spheres and spheroids are special-case ellipsoids: spheres have symmetry in 3 directions, spheroids have symmetry in 2 directions. Scalene ellipsoids have 3 unequal length axes and three unequal cross sections. The Union Watersphere

912-411: Is the oldest and most popular amusement park in Finland. It has many rides of different types and sizes, and of the all Nordic amusement parks, Linnanmäki has the most rides in relation to the number of visitors. It also has other attractions, including arcades, games, kiosks, restaurants and an outdoor stage on which different performers appear in the summer. The park is open from spring to autumn;

960-407: Is used to hold the water in. The wooden walls of the water tower are held together with steel cables or straps, but water leaks through the gaps when first filled. As the water saturates the wood, it swells, the gaps close and become impermeable. The rooftop water towers store 250,000 to 50,000 litres (55,000 to 11,000 imp gal; 66,000 to 13,000 US gal) of water until it is needed in

1008-641: The Goldbergturm in Sindelfingen , Germany, or the second of the three Kuwait Towers , in the State of Kuwait . It is also common to use water towers as the location of transmission mechanisms in the UHF range with small power, for instance for closed rural broadcasting service, amateur radio , or cellular telephone service. In hilly regions, local topography can be substituted for structures to elevate

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1056-509: The Vuoristorata roller coaster and resulting from rider negligence. The first incident occurred in 1953 when the roller coaster's brakeman , who had finished his shift, sat in the front row for the final ride of the evening. He did not secure the safety bar, fell off, and was struck by the train. In 1985, a young male guest sitting in the front row managed to open the safety bar and stood up to wave to his friends. He then fell in front of

1104-495: The 19th century, and for a long time New York City required that all buildings higher than six stories be equipped with a rooftop water tower. Two companies in New York build water towers, both of which are family businesses in operation since the 19th century. The original water tower builders were barrel makers who expanded their craft to meet a modern need as buildings in the city grew taller in height. Even today, no sealant

1152-459: The United States use their water towers to advertise local tourism, their local high school sports teams, or other locally notable facts. A "mushroom" water tower was built in Örebro , Sweden and holds almost two million gallons of water. Alternatives to water towers are simple pumps mounted on top of the water pipes to increase the water pressure. This new approach is more straightforward, but also more subject to potential public health risks; if

1200-588: The Wieża Ciśnień ( Wrocław water tower ) in Wrocław , Poland which is today a restaurant complex. Others have been converted to residential use. Historically, railroads that used steam locomotives required a means of replenishing the locomotive's tenders. Water towers were common along the railroad. The tenders were usually replenished by water cranes , which were fed by a water tower. Some water towers are also used as observation towers, and some restaurants, such as

1248-467: The amusement park is known, is built on a hill and takes its name from Vesilinnanmäki ( lit.   ' Water Castle Hill ' ), a name given by locals in the early 20th century due to the presence of two water towers built in 1876 and 1938, respectively. Although the towers were disconnected from the water grid in 2003 and are no longer operational, they are protected by the city's zoning plan and cannot be demolished. There have been plans to utilize

1296-591: The amusement rides and attractions, the park is home to the Peacock theatre, a historic venue built in 1957, renowned for its musical productions. Visitors can also explore the Sea Life aquarium, the only Sea Life centre in the Nordic countries, which opened in 2002. Linnanmäki operates from April to October, though the theatre and aquarium are open year-round. From 1996 to 2005, the park also housed Linnanmäen museo ,

1344-421: The building below. The upper portion of water is skimmed off the top for everyday use while the water in the bottom of the tower is held in reserve to fight fire. When the water drops below a certain level, a pressure switch, level switch or float valve will activate a pump or open a public water line to refill the water tower. Architects and builders have taken varied approaches to incorporating water towers into

1392-482: The design of a building, one on East 57th Street in New York City. From left to right, a fully enclosed and ornately decorated brick structure, a simple unadorned roofless brick structure hiding most of the tank but revealing the top of the tank, and a simple utilitarian structure that makes no effort to hide the tanks or otherwise incorporate them into the design of the building. The technology dates to at least

1440-569: The design of their buildings. On many large commercial buildings, water towers are completely hidden behind an extension of the facade of the building. For cosmetic reasons, apartment buildings often enclose their tanks in rooftop structures, either simple unadorned rooftop boxes, or ornately decorated structures intended to enhance the visual appeal of the building. Many buildings, however, leave their water towers in plain view atop utilitarian framework structures. Water towers are common in India , where

1488-406: The distinction between a water sphere and water spheroid thus: A water sphere is a type of water tower that has a large sphere at the top of its post. The sphere looks like a golf ball sitting on a tee or a round lollipop. A cross section of a sphere in any direction (east-west, north-south, or top-bottom) is a perfect circle. A water spheroid looks like a water sphere, but the top is wider than it

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1536-476: The electricity supply is erratic in most places. If the pumps fail (such as during a power outage), then water pressure will be lost, causing potential public health concerns. Many U.S. states require a " boil-water advisory " to be issued if water pressure drops below 20 pounds per square inch (140 kPa). This advisory presumes that the lower pressure might allow pathogens to enter the system. Some have been converted to serve modern purposes, as for example,

1584-474: The future, a hotel and spa with restaurants and water experiences are planned around the amusement park, as well as new apartments. It is also possible to travel to the area by tram as part of the Tampere light rail network. This multi-purpose park is owned by the city of Tampere and boasts a variety of rides as well as both Aquarium and Planetarium was opened in 1969, a children's zoo that opened in 1970,

1632-471: The modern use of water towers for pressurized public water systems developed during the mid-19th century, as steam-pumping became more common, and better pipes that could handle higher pressures were developed. In the United Kingdom, standpipes consisted of tall, exposed, N-shaped pipes, used for pressure relief and to provide a fixed elevation for steam-driven pumping engines which tended to produce

1680-697: The new tower to be a water spheroid. The water tower in Braman, Oklahoma , built by the Kaw Nation and completed in 2010, is 220.6 ft (67.2 m) tall and can hold 350,000 US gallons (1,300 m ). Slightly taller than the Union Watersphere, it is also a spheroid. Another tower in Oklahoma, built in 1986 and billed as the "largest water tower in the country", is 218 ft (66 m) tall, can hold 500,000 US gallons (1,900 m ), and

1728-461: The opening day is around May Day and the closing is in the third week of October. Linnanmäki is visited by about a million guests annually. In August 2006, Linnanmäki received its fifty-millionth visitor. In 1950, six Finnish child welfare organisations leased an area in the middle of a recreational zone in Helsinki, consisting of two parks, to establish an amusement park. Initially, the lease

1776-463: The park and was one of the first permanent rides constructed there. Technically, the oldest ride at Linnanmäki is Karuselli, a carousel built in Germany in 1896, which has been at Linnanmäki since 1954. Linnanmäki has eight roller coasters, complemented by other major attractions, including three tower rides, a Ferris wheel , a river rapids ride , and several spinning rides. Linnanmäki also offers

1824-778: The peninsula. The park is located on a peninsula, about a kilometre from the city centre of Tampere, that juts out into the Black Gulf. The area used to house three different breweries in the 18th century onward and in the 20th century a huge warehouse serving the log industry was built on the peninsula of Särkänniemi. These buildings were demolished in the 1960s. The park is easily accessible by bus line 2 and tramway line 3. (Corkscrew) [REDACTED] Media related to Särkänniemi at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Särkänniemi travel guide from Wikivoyage Linnanm%C3%A4ki Linnanmäki ( Swedish : Borgbacken , colloquially Lintsi , lit.   ' Hill Of The Castle ' )

1872-454: The pump would have to be sized to meet peak demands. During periods of low demand, jockey pumps are used to meet these lower water flow requirements. The water tower reduces the need for electrical consumption of cycling pumps and thus the need for an expensive pump control system, as this system would have to be sized sufficiently to give the same pressure at high flow rates. Very high volumes and flow rates are needed when fighting fires. With

1920-512: The pumps fail, then loss of water pressure may result in entry of contaminants into the water system. Most large water utilities do not use this approach, given the potential risks. Kuwait Towers , which include two water reservoirs, and Kuwait Water Towers (Mushroom towers in Kuwait City . A standpipe is a water tower which is cylindrical (or nearly cylindrical) throughout its whole height, rather than an elevated tank on supports with

1968-456: The season's last day featured a grand fireworks display, but this has not been organized since 2020 due to concerns over responsibility. Vedenneitohalli (English: Mermaid hall ) was a popular dunk tank attraction at Linnanmäki from 1951 to 1980. Operated by Finnish fairground operator Lauri Seiterä and his wife Johanna, the attraction featured young female performers dressed in swimsuits, referred to as mermaids . The performers would lie on

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2016-435: The tank in New York. Water towers were used to supply water stops for steam locomotives on railroad lines. Early steam locomotives required water stops every 7 to 10 miles (11 to 16 km). A variety of materials can be used to construct a typical water tower; steel and reinforced or prestressed concrete are most often used (with wood, fiberglass , or brick also in use), incorporating an interior coating to protect

2064-430: The tanks. These tanks are often nothing more than concrete cisterns terraced into the sides of local hills or mountains, but function identically to the traditional water tower. The tops of these tanks can be landscaped or used as park space, if desired. The Chicago Bridge and Iron Company has built many of the water spheres and spheroids found in the United States. The website World's Tallest Water Sphere describes

2112-481: The towers year-round in support of the amusement park's activities. The older, angular tower, located near the park's perimeter and the oldest water tower in Helsinki, currently serves as a maintenance and storage facility for the park. The newer, cylindrical tower, which dominates the park and its surroundings, houses an indoor roller coaster called Linnunrata eXtra . Since its opening in 1950, Linnanmäki has had two fatalities related to ride accidents, both involving

2160-459: The train and was run over. Linnanmäki is situated in the Alppila sub-district of Alppiharju , 2.5 km (1.6 mi) north of Helsinki 's city centre, the capital of Finland. The park is located on a hill that offers a nice view of the city. The park has no distinct theming and feels relatively compact and densely packed, with rides and attractions in close proximity to each other. Beyond

2208-631: The water from any effects from the lining material. The reservoir in the tower may be spherical , cylindrical , or an ellipsoid , with a minimum height of approximately 6 metres (20 ft) and a minimum of 4 m (13 ft) in diameter. A standard water tower typically has a height of approximately 40 m (130 ft). Pressurization occurs through the hydrostatic pressure of the elevation of water; for every 102 millimetres (4.016 in) of elevation, it produces 1 kilopascal (0.145  psi ) of pressure. 30 m (98.43 ft) of elevation produces roughly 300 kPa (43.511 psi), which

2256-404: The world. Some are converted to apartments or exclusive penthouses . In certain areas, such as New York City in the United States, smaller water towers are constructed for individual buildings. In California and some other states, domestic water towers enclosed by siding ( tankhouses ) were once built (1850s–1930s) to supply individual homes; windmills pumped water from hand-dug wells up into

2304-453: Was granted for three years. However, in 1953, the city extended the lease and allocated 5.37 hectares (13.3 acres) for the park. Following the city plan approved in 1956, the amusement park was further expanded to over 7.2 ha (18 acres). In 1957, the welfare organisations formed the non-profit Children's Day Foundation, which continues to manage and develop the amusement park. Today, the site covers 7.5 hectares (19 acres). Linnanmäki, as

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