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48-697: The STV program was initiated to design the next generation mainline service rifles for the Vietnam People’s Army (VPA) as well as the whole Vietnam People's Armed Forces , using the technologies and experiences acquired from the IWI Galil ACE licensed production . As of 2024, the principle variant STV-380 alongside its carbine derivatives STV-215 and STV-022 have been popularly issued to VPA units alongside other paramilitary and civilian security forces in Vietnam, step-by-step replacing and succeeding

96-599: A submachine gun , it was initially developed from the request of the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army Guard Brigade 144 for a compact, close-ranged but powerful firearm for bodyguard and close protection purposes. No further specifications were formally revealed about this rifle but according to the publicized picture, it is the smallest variant of the STV family with the whole rifle largely resembles

144-652: A Picatinny rail on the bottom of the handguard. Instead, they include a mount for an underbarrel grenade launcher. They also have a slightly different magazine well and trigger rim. The pistol grip for these two variants are also independent of the body and are also based on the AK. These two variants use a folding polymer AK stock instead of the FAL PARA styled stocks used by the STV-215 and STV-380. The front-sight and gas block on these two variants are different from each other. It

192-575: A lobbing trajectory. Integrated sensors and logic devices scan and filter the environment and then autonomously airburst the fuze without needing to be told to by the firer, thereby not requiring the soldier to carry extra weapon accessories. SAGMs enable soldiers to accurately incapacitate personnel targets in defilade at ranges between 50 and 500 meters. The round is engineered with three firing modes: airburst; point detonation; and self-destruct. A successful demonstration occurred in November 2013. Although

240-660: Is a cartridge caliber produced in Poland for their Pallad wz. 74 rifle-mounted grenade launchers (used with the AK family of rifles in the Polish Army, like the AKM/AKMS, Tantal and Beryl) and Pallad-D wz. 83 grenade launcher (standalone variant fitted with standard pistol grip and folding stock from the AKMS assault rifle). The construction is similar to the one used in 40×46 mm grenades, but they are not interchangeable. 40×47 mm

288-487: Is a cartridge caliber produced in Romania for their AG-40 model 77 and model 80 (today AG-40P) rifle-mounted grenade launchers. It features a casing with a high–low system . The propellant has low pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 78–120 m/s (256–394 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. Production was originally handled by the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Filiasi , however production

336-462: Is a cartridge caliber produced in Romania for their AGA-40 Model 85 automatic grenade launcher . It features a casing with a high–low system . The propellant has high pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 216–223 m/s (709–732 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. Production is handled by the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Plopeni , a subsidiary of ROMARM . Three ammunition types are known: The standard adopted by

384-574: Is a new type of 40 mm target practice grenade ammunition that has been accepted for use into the United States Marine Corps and the United States Army . It is "green" because it is non-toxic and non-dud producing (since it is a training round), meaning that there is no unexploded ordnance left to clean up on the range and heavy metals in the fuze do not leak into the ground. The MK281 was introduced into parts of

432-585: Is a unique type of 40 mm grenade designed in the Soviet Union for hand-held grenade launchers, such as the Soviet GP-25 Kostyor and GP-30 Obuvka . Instead of a casing, the VOG-25 is caseless ammunition , featuring its propellant in an expansion chamber at the base of the projectile, functioning more like a mortar round than conventional cased ammunition. Today it is used primarily by

480-407: Is generally a versatile, rugged, and reliable assault rifle or battle rifle , suitable for use in nearly all environments and is effective in most combat situations. Almost all modern militaries are issued service pistols as sidearms to accompany their service rifles. The term can also be used to describe weapons issued by non-military forces, such as law enforcement or paramilitaries . If

528-554: Is handled by the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Plopeni , a subsidiary of ROMARM . The projectiles seem to be of Romanian origin based on available information. The United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) began development of a 40 mm smart airburst fuze ( proximity fuze ) in 2011 to improve the ability of grenade launchers like the M203 and M320 to engage targets in defilade . Called small arms grenade munitions (SAGMs), they double

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576-712: Is the Vietnamese equivalence to the IWI ACE 32. The STV-215 is the carbine version of the STV-380. It is used alongside the STV-380 as one of the standard issued rifles for the People's Army of Vietnam . It is similar to the STV-380 in all aspects, except the barrel length. Being the Vietnamese equivalence to the IWI ACE 31. Unlike other STV variants, the "022" designation likely refers the variant's year of introduction of 2022 instead of its actual barrel length. Classified as

624-447: Is the only variant that does not include any Picatinny rails. Instead, it includes a side-mount for sights and a mount on the handguard for a grenade launcher. The rear-sight is moved up to the rear of the handguard. The front-sight and gas block are similar to the ones found AK-103. Service rifle A service rifle (or standard-issue rifle ) is a rifle a military issues to its regular infantry . In modern militaries, this

672-570: The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in its Type 96 grenade launcher . It is manufactured by Daikin Industries and the '40 mm anti-personnel light armour-piercing round' (ammunition length 112 mm, weight 371 g) is a multi-purpose grenade with a moulded explosive charge. There is also a '40 mm training round' available. 40 mm VOG-25 ( Russian Cyrillic : ВОГ-25 ) (GRAU-Index: 7P17 ( Russian Cyrillic : 7П17 ))

720-740: The Karabiner 98k (a shortened variant of the Gewehr 98). However, it was during the war that Germany also produced the StG 44 , which is capable of controllable fully automatic fire from a 30-round magazine with the newly developed 7.92x33mm Kurz intermediate rifle cartridge. After the war, the StG 44 was of particular interest to the Soviet Union, whose AK-47 was derived heavily from the German design. In

768-843: The Russian Armed Forces in weapons such as the GP-34, BG-15 Mukha and RG-6 . Several types exist but the most common version is the default VOG-25 high-explosive version. The VOG-25 is 103 mm (4.1 in) long, weighs 250 g (8.8 oz), and features a 48 g (1.7 oz) explosive charge. It has a muzzle velocity of 76 m/s (250 ft/s) and will self-destruct after 14 seconds. During its time (1994–2012), Metal Storm Limited in Australia designed several automatic caseless 40 mm grenade launcher systems based on their own caseless ammunition weapon design. Unlike common caseless ammunition and their weapon systems

816-859: The 1860s and 1870s, with the French Chassepot Model 1866 , the Swiss Peabody Gewehr Modell 1867 , and the Prussian Mauser Model 1871 . In the United States, the Springfield Model 1873 was the first single-shot breech-loading rifle adopted by the United States War Department for manufacture and widespread issue to U.S. troops. The development of Poudre B smokeless powder in 1884, introduced with

864-741: The 1960s and 1970s, the United States developed and produced the M16 rifle , cementing the applicability of the assault rifle as an effective and versatile combat weapon for future conflicts. List of 40 mm grenades This is a general collection of the world's many types of ammunition for grenade launchers in 40 mm (1.57 in) caliber . Several countries have developed or adopted grenade launchers in 40 mm caliber. NATO currently uses three standardized 40 mm grenade families: 40 mm low velocity (LV), 40 mm medium velocity (MV), and 40 mm high velocity (HV). Low- and medium-velocity cartridges are used for different hand-held grenade launchers , while

912-470: The 40 mm high-velocity cartridge . Going against Swedish military tradition, the 40 mm high-velocity cartridge currently lacks a specified indigenous designation in Swedish service. Instead only the projectile types have designations. Currently these projectile types can be found in Swedish service manuals. Mockups and inert types also exist for loading exercises and educational purposes. The MK281

960-534: The 40 mm low-velocity cartridge currently lacks a specified indigenous designation in Swedish service. Instead only the projectile types have designations. Currently these projectile types can be found in Swedish service manuals. Mockups and inert types also exist for loading exercises and educational purposes. Romanian arms producer ROMARM has made a version of their 40 mm rifle-mounted grenade launcher AG-40 chambered in 40×46 mm NATO (then designated AG-40PN). Production of Romanian 40 mm low-velocity ammunition

1008-411: The 40×46 mm low-velocity and 40×53 mm high-velocity cartridges and is thus referred to as 40 mm medium velocity. The propellant has medium pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 100 m/s (328 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. It has a maximum range of 800 meters, exceeding conventional extended range low-velocity variants by up to 375 meters. The 40×51 mm MV cartridge

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1056-781: The French Lebel Model 1886 rifle , spelt the end of gunpowder warfare and led to a jump in small arms development. By the beginning of World War I , all of the world's major powers had adopted repeating bolt-action rifles, such as the British Lee–Enfield , the German Gewehr 98 , and the Russian Mosin–Nagant . During the Second World War , the United States adopted the M1 Garand , which

1104-610: The SAGM sensor does not need a laser rangefinder or any pre-fire programming sequence, it does require some skill by the user to aim and fire the round correctly so that it can detect the wall or obstruction to detonate in the air. The SAGM was to undergo evaluation in July 2015 and, if successful, transition into an official Army Program of Record by the end of the year. Not only does the fuze burst over walls, but it can detonate when passing cover like trees, bursting just as it senses and passes

1152-433: The STV name indicate the barrel length. 380 indicates the standard rifle with a 380mm barrel while the 215 indicates the compact rifle with a 215mm barrel. The rifles all have the charging handle located on the right side, which is the same for all IWI Galil ACEs manufactured in Vietnam. However, the selective-fire mechanism uses a traditional AK-based mechanism. The handguards and pistol grips are made of polymer and all of

1200-575: The STV series feature most of mechanical modernization and advantages of the IWI ACE . The STV-380 was selected as the primary infantry weapons and service rifle for the Vietnam People's Army , partially replacing and succeeding the legacy Kalashnikov . It has a foldable stock similar to the FN FAL Para . However, a variant with M18 -style buttstock was also developed and revealed. It

1248-542: The STV-215, except with the stock eventually removed to further downsizing the rifle and its handguard revised. Despite its compact size, it is still chambered in 7.62×39mm . It is the next STV variant to be issued to the People's Army of Vietnam , already spotted with the Vietnam Border Guard and Army guarding units. These variants are proposed and introduced as technology demonstrators and for commercial purposes . However, they are never chosen as

1296-601: The U.S. Armed Forces because of an executive order mandating that they buy green ammunition. The MK281 is manufactured by an American subsidiary of the Rheinmetall Group . The United States Army has a requirement for a non-dud producing 40 mm training ammunition in both high- and low-velocity variants. The Army awarded four contracts to three United States companies to test designs. The resulting ammunition will not contain explosive energetics and have day and night visible, infrared, and thermal signatures. 40×47 mm

1344-507: The ammunition type. AB, air burst Octol filled fragmentation grenade with a time fuze. The A1 has a different fuze from the regular M397. Besides combat ammo there also exists crowd control ammunition like sponge grenades . Sweden currently operates the M203 grenade launcher (designated Granattillsats 40 mm Automatkarbin in Sweden) and thus uses the 40 mm low-velocity cartridge . Going against Swedish military tradition,

1392-549: The bottom of the handguard, commonly used for a foregrip/bipod , laser , or flashlight attachment. When nothing is attached, a plastic cover can be placed over the Picatinny rail for more comfort while holding. The pistol grip for these two are built in to the body of the rifle. These two variants also share the front-sight and gas block similar to the ones found on the IWI Galil ACE. The STV-410 and STV-416 both lack

1440-718: The cartridge for their next generation multiple grenade launcher, the Milkor Y4 . SANDF approved acquisition in February 2018 but deliveries could not be finished until the end of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . 40×53 mm HV ( high velocity ) is a NATO-standard high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for mounted or crew-served automatic grenade launchers , such as the Mk.19 AGL , Mk 47 Striker , HK GMG , STK 40 AGL , and Daewoo K4 . The propellant has high pressure and gives

1488-726: The early 19th century were for specialist marksmen only, whilst ordinary infantry were issued less accurate smoothbore muskets which had a higher rate of fire, with bore diameters as high as 19 mm (0.75 inch). Early "service rifles" of the 1840s and 1850s, such as the Swiss Infanteriegewehr Modell 1842 , the British Pattern 1853 Enfield , and the American Springfield Model 1840 and Springfield Model 1855 were all muzzleloading muskets. Ordnance rifles were introduced in

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1536-486: The high-velocity cartridge is used for automatic grenade launchers . 40×46 mm LV ( low velocity ) is a NATO-standard high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for hand-held grenade launchers, such as the M79 , M203 , Milkor MGL , Heckler & Koch AG36 and M320 Grenade Launcher Module . The propellant has low pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 78–84 m/s (256–276 ft/s) depending on

1584-512: The issued weapon is not a rifle or carbine, but instead a different type of firearm intended to serve in a specialized role such as a combat shotgun , submachine gun , or light machine gun , it is called a service firearm or service weapon . Firearms with rifled barrels existed long before the 19th century, but were not widely used until the mid-19th century in conflicts such as the Crimean War and American Civil War . Thus, rifles in

1632-516: The legacy Kalashnikov rifles . Being products of the Z111 Factory , all STV rifles are chambered in 7.62x39mm . In 2014, the People's Army of Vietnam adopted the IWI Galil ACE 31/32 as the standard-issue rifle. This included a license to manufacture them locally at the Z111 Factory . The factory immediately began modifying the IWI Galil ACE to better suit the local terrain and climate, while also implementing more Kalashnikov parts. This

1680-640: The length of the barrels. These two new rifles would be replacing the IWI Galil ACE 31/32 as the standard issued rifle for the People's Army of Vietnam. In 2020, two new variants of the STV rifles were revealed. These rifles were designated as the STV-410 and the STV-416. Compared to the previous two variants, the new ones would adopt more AK parts into the guns. Currently, the STV-022, STV-215 and STV-380 remain as

1728-549: The lethality of the standard M433 grenade round by adding a small "smart" fuze sensor that detonates in the air to hit targets in cover or behind obstacles. The airburst function is similar to the XM25 CDTE , which has an onboard laser system to determine the distance to the target, but SAGMs are considered complementary to the XM25 rather than competing against it, as the XM25 provides low-angle fire while 40 mm launchers fire

1776-482: The next-generation standard-issued rifles of many Vietnamese security forces and currently in large-scale serial production at Z111 Factory . Since they reportedly participate in active service, they are casually improved and updated corresponding to the experiences and feedback from the operators. Externally, they look visually comparable to the legacy IMI Galil with rectangular handguard, FN FAL Para-style folding stock and Kalashnikov-style charging handle, however

1824-534: The projectile an average velocity of 241 m/s (791 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. Armor penetration: 2 inches (51 millimetres). of steel armor at 0-degree obliquity Inflict personnel casualties: 15 meters from impact M430A1: Has a longer shaped charge than the M430 and penetrates more armor. Armor penetration: 3 inches (76 millimetres). Sweden currently operates the Mk 19 grenade launcher (designated 40 mm granatspruta 92 in Sweden) and thus uses

1872-461: The rifles have a folding stock. A bird-cage muzzle brake is included on all rifles. As the handguards and receiver include a Picatinny rail on top, attachments can be mounted on such as telescopic sights , red dot sights , or holographic sights . The rear sight is located at the rear of the gun. The only exception to this is the STV-416, which does not include any Picatinny rails. The STV-215 and STV-380 have an additional Picatinny rail located on

1920-409: The service rifle by any Vietnamese security forces, due to the proven superiority and suitability of the STV-380 and its derivatives. The build of the STV-410 overall resembles an AK-12 , however with a AK-100 -style solid folding stock. The handguard's Picatinny rail is slightly extended to cover the entirety of the handguard. The STV-416 is an assault rifle, which resembles an AK-103 . The rifle

1968-453: The standard issued rifles and being the only ones which are in mass production. The STV-380 was seen in 2021 in parades for the first time alongside the K20 camo uniforms. In December 2022, a new variant designated as STV-022 was revealed at the 2022 Vietnam Defence Expo. It is a further shortened variant of the standard-issued STV-215, having its stock removed compared to the bigger variants. It

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2016-416: The trunk. The sort of sensor SAGMs use to differentiate clutter from triggering obstacles is highly classified, but shows airburst reliability of 76 percent. 40×51 mm MV (medium velocity), also known as 40×51 mm extended range low pressure (ERLP), is a NATO-standard high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for hand-held grenade launchers . Its purpose is to be an intermediate cartridge between

2064-546: Was also spotted being used by PAVN personnel in the same event and with the Vietnam Border Guard . In 2024, the STV-380 was spotted with the Vietnam People's Public Security Mobile Police , referring that the Vietnamese Police is studying the variant for adoption. All STV variants are generally similar and are mainly built off of the IWI Galil ACE 's milled receiver. They are all chambered in 7.62x39mm and can use any standard AK-47/AKM magazines. The numbers on

2112-622: Was designed by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions for the US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) after a 2008 requirement for enhanced range and lethality from hand-held 40 mm grenades. Rheinmetall answered by developing a new family of 40 mm grenades named 40 mm medium velocity and by 2019 the cartridge was undergoing NATO qualification. Besides NATO the cartridge has been ordered by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) as

2160-688: Was done to improve familiarity and smoothen the transition from older AK-47 and AKM assault rifles, which were used by Vietnamese soldiers. The modification process was a fusion of the STL-1A and the Galil ACE, this resulted in prototypes rifle designated as the GK1 and the GK3. In 2019, the Z111 Factory revealed two new rifles. Designated the STV-215 and the STV-380, the number at the end would indicate

2208-579: Was later moved to the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Tohan Zărnești , today more commonly known as S. Tohan S.A. , a subsidiary of ROMARM . Several types of the Romanian 40×47 mm exist: Tohan currently (2021) offers a 40×47 mm high explosive type called GETZ (Grenadă Explozivă Tohan Zărnești) and an inert version called GITZ (Grenadă Inertă Tohan Zărnești). Both cartridges are 105 mm (4.13 in) long, with GETZ weighing 0.260 kg (0.573 lb) and GITZ 0.200 kg (0.441 lb). 40×74.5 mm

2256-517: Was reported in 2021 that the 40mm OPL-40M (entered service as SPL-40) underbarrel grenade launcher would be used in conjunction with the STVs. The smallest variant STV-022 largely resembles the STV-215 but having its stocks removed, further shortening the overall size of the rifle. Note that all variants are designated corresponding to their barrel lengths (except for STV-022). These are variants that are chosen to be pressed into service and becoming

2304-440: Was the first widely adopted semi-automatic rifle that was brought into military service in 1936. Despite advancements in rifle technology, the United States was the only country to adopt a semi-automatic rifle as their primary service rifle. While other countries did develop semi-automatic rifles later on and used in limited numbers during the war. For comparison, Germany produced 402,000 Gewehr 43 rifles, compared to 14,000,000 of

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