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24-850: The Southwest Museum of the American Indian was a museum, library, and archive located in the Mt. Washington neighborhood of Los Angeles , California, United States, above the north-western bank of the Arroyo Seco canyon and stream. The museum was owned, and later absorbed by, the Autry Museum of the American West . Its collections dealt mainly with Native Americans . It also had an extensive collection of pre- Hispanic , Spanish colonial , Latino , and Western American art and artifacts. Major collections included American Indians of

48-609: A block from the A Line stop is an entrance on Museum Drive that opens to a long tunnel formerly filled with dioramas, since removed by the Autry Museum and placed in storage. At the end of the tunnel is an elevator to the museum's lower lobby. The museum closed permanently in September 2022. Charles Fletcher Lummis , an anthropologist , historian, journalist, and photographer, created the Southwest Society, which

72-564: A four-year degree by 2000, an average figure for both the city and the county. One school lies within the neighborhood — Mount Washington Elementary School, LAUSD , at 3981 San Rafael Avenue. Mount Washington students "consistently score among the top schools in Los Angeles on the Academic Performance Index." Rancho San Rafael Rancho San Rafael was a 36,403-acre (147.32 km ) Spanish land grant in

96-593: A full-time rancher. Verdugo died in 1831 and he left his property to his surviving son Julio Antonio Verdugo (1789–1876) and daughter María Catalina Verdugo (1799–1837). With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War , the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim was filed with

120-758: A new controlled environment facility, which opened in October 2022. Following years of controversy with the Friends of the Southwest Museum and other local community organizations, the Autry began a partnership with the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the City of Los Angeles to develop a long-term plan for the site. On January 22, 2015, the Southwest Museum was designated a National Treasure by

144-543: A point near the Travel Town Museum there. Corporal José María Verdugo (1751–1831), a Spanish soldier who had served with the 1769 Portola-Serra Expedition, received a provisional eight square league grant of the Rancho San Rafael in 1784, from his army commander Governor Pedro Fages , which was confirmed in 1798 by Governor Diego de Borica . In 1798 Verdugo retired from the army to become

168-624: A substantial portion of the Rancho to Jacob Elias under terms that he could not afford. By the late 1860s, several parcels of Rancho San Rafael had been either sold, or lost due to foreclosures. Many individuals were claiming ownership to multiple sections of the rancho. In 1871, law partners Alfred Chapman and Andrew Glassell filed a lawsuit, known as "The Great Partition", against thirty-six separate defendants. The plaintiffs contended that there were numerous alleged property owners occupying tracts of land whose boundaries were illegally established. Once

192-530: The New York Times in 2010, Mount Washington (tract 1851) has a median household income of about $ 60,000; and 30% of its residents have a household income greater than $ 100,000 per year; neighboring census tracts shared with Mount Washington and other neighborhoods also have somewhat similar income data. According to the Mapping L.A. project, Mount Washington is bordered on the north by Eagle Rock , on

216-611: The Public Land Commission in 1852, confirmed by the Commission in 1855, and the grant was patented to Julio and Catalina Verdugo in 1882. In 1857, Jonathan R. Scott traded Rancho La Cañada to Julio and Catalina Verdugo for 4,607 acres (19 km ) acres on the west side of Rancho San Rafael - what is today Burbank . In 1861 Julio and Catalina Verdugo split the rancho between southern (Julio) and northern (Catalina) portions. In 1861, Julio Verdugo mortgaged

240-698: The San Rafael Hills , bordering the Los Angeles River and the Arroyo Seco in present-day Los Angeles County , southern California , given in 1784 to Jose Maria Verdugo . The rancho includes the present day cities of Burbank , Glendale , La Cañada Flintridge , the Glendale communities of Montrose and Verdugo City ; as well as the city of Los Angeles neighborhoods of Atwater Village , Cypress Park , Eagle Rock , Garvanza , Glassell Park , Highland Park , and Mount Washington . and

264-567: The portion of the city of Pasadena located west of the Arroyo Seco . The rancho's boundaries were primarily defined by the Verdugo Mountains on the west, the Crescenta Valley and Rancho La Cañada on the north, the Arroyo Seco on the east, and the Los Angeles River on the south. The boundary followed north along the northeast bank of the L.A. River, and then wrapped westerly around present day Griffith Park to

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288-605: The 19th century the area was part of Rancho San Rafael . Mount Washington was founded in 1909 as a subdivision laid out by real estate developer Robert Marsh. Marsh built the Mount Washington Hotel at the summit of Mount Washington, and the Los Angeles and Mount Washington Railway Company was soon established as a funicular railway up the hill as an alternative to constructing roads up the area's steep hillsides. The railway operated until January 1919. By

312-575: The American Community Survey (2009), Mount Washington is 33% White , 3% Black , 47% Latino , 9% Asian , and 7% other (census tract 1851). The only census tract entirely within Mount Washington's boundaries is census tract 1851 (census tracts 1852 and 1862 are also in Mount Washington but also include surrounding neighborhoods). Census tract 1851 is on the east side of Mount Washington, and includes Moon Canyon Park and

336-476: The Carlin G. Smith Recreation area; and it is extremely racially and ethnically diverse, even for Los Angeles. The 2000 census found that the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $ 57,725, about average for the city. The average household size of 2.9 people was about the same as Los Angeles as a whole. Renters occupied 45.1% of the housing stock and house- or apartment-owners held 54.9%. According to

360-683: The Great Plains , American Indians of California , and American Indians of the Northwest Coast . Most of those materials were moved off-site. The Autry and the Southwest Museum hold the second-largest collection of indigenous art and artifacts in the country, second to the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian . The Metro A Line stops down the hill from the museum at the Southwest Museum station . About

384-512: The National Trust for Historic Preservation. In March 2019, the Autry and the National Trust published a Request for Interest for the revitalization and reuse of the historic Southwest Museum campus and Casa de Adobe. As of November 2022, the Autry is no longer seeking to renovate the building for use as a museum space, which would cost over $ 100 million, and is instead looking to sell the building. Mount Washington, Los Angeles In

408-538: The director of the museum from 1981 to 1987, was convicted on five counts of embezzlement and two counts of grand theft for selling or trading about 20 items from the museum's collection. In a civil lawsuit, the museum alleged that Houlihan took 127 items worth an estimated $ 2.2 million. In 2003, the financially teetering museum was absorbed by the Autry Museum, which designated it as its Mt. Washington Campus. The museum ceased operating full-time, and closed entirely in September 2022. The museum's collections were relocated to

432-510: The east by Highland Park , on the south, southwest and west by Cypress Park and on the northwest by Glassell Park . Mount Washington is split between Los Angeles City Council districts 1 and 14 and is part of California's 34th congressional district . The neighborhood lies mostly within ZIP code 90065, with an eastern portion in 90042, and the area code is 323 . Twenty-five percent of Mount Washington residents aged 25 and older had earned

456-628: The late 2000s, the neighborhood attracted middle- and upper-income residents, mostly whites, Latinos, and Asians. The district is generally considered the most affluent area of the East Side , and also contains the region's largest concentration of non-Latino whites (though not as affluent as the neighboring cities of South Pasadena, San Marino, and southwest Pasadena; for instance, 30% of census tract 1851 (Mount Washington) has incomes of $ 100,000 or greater; while 35% of census tract 4806 (South Pasadena) has incomes of $ 100,000 or greater). The "beauty and

480-456: The quirky nature of Mount Washington" has inspired songs. In recent years, many homebuyers have become attracted to the area as a relatively affordable alternative to the Westside . The 2000 U.S. census counted 12,728 residents in the 1.85-square-mile Mount Washington neighborhood—or 6,878 people per square mile, an average population density for the city. In 2008, the city estimated that

504-491: The resident population had increased to 13,531. In 2008 the median age for residents was 33, about average for the city and the county. The percentage of never-married men (40.9%) was among the county's highest. According to the Mapping L.A. project of the Los Angeles Times, based on the 2000 census, the neighborhood was "moderately diverse" ethnically, with a high percentage of Latino residents. The breakdown

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528-404: Was Latinos , 61.2%; whites , 20.8%; Asians , 12.8%; blacks , 2.6%; and others, 2.7%. Mexico (44.4%) and El Salvador (9.6%) were the most common places of birth for the 41.5% of the residents who were born abroad—an average figure for Los Angeles. Over the last decade, the demographics have been shifting. As of 2009, Mount Washington has no racial or ethnic group in a majority. According to

552-594: Was designed by architects Sumner P. Hunt and Silas Reese Burns . Later additions to the museum include the Caroline Boeing Poole Wing of Basketry (completed 1941), by architect Gordon B. Kaufmann , and the Braun Research Library (1971), by architect Glen E. Cook. Frederick Russell Burnham , the highly decorated military scout and father of the international scouting movement, was an early president. In 1993, Patrick Houlihan,

576-593: Was the western branch of the Archaeological Institute of America . He gained the support of city leaders, and with the financial backing of attorney Joseph Scott , opened the Southwest Museum in 1907. The collection was first exhibited in downtown Los Angeles' Pacific Electric building , then moved to the May Company building in 1908, and finally to the Mt. Washington site in 1914. The 1914 building

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