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17-494: The SSLM was formed in the context of widespread factional fighting among the Western Nuer ethnic group of Unity, South Sudan , who had signed a peace treaty with the government on 21 April 1997. The pro-government SSDF militia, comprising a large number of Nuer, had divided into warring factions led by Riek Machar and Paulino Matip . As Riek was being defeated, opposing government-aligned militias attacked civilians around

34-519: A decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established states. The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. A number of opposition parties and civil society groups challenged the constitutionality of the decree. Kiir later resolved to take it to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment. In November the South Sudanese parliament empowered President Kiir to create new states. Mayol Kur Akuei

51-691: A week to formalise the surrender arrangements. During the South Sudanese Civil War , former SSLA troops who had been assimilated into the SPLA moved to expel rebel factions loyal to Riek Machar from Bentiu . Unity, South Sudan Unity State , also known as Western Upper Nile , is a state in South Sudan . Unity State is in the Greater Upper Nile region. Unity is inhabited predominantly by two ethnic groups:

68-654: Is rich in animal resources and fish resources, and it also is the home of two lakes: Lake Jau (in the northern part) and Lake No locally known as Dhoo (in the southern part), where Bahr el Ghazal River ends and joins the White Nile . Ruweng is the home of Ruweng Dinkas which are Panaruu Dinka with 12 sub tribes and Aloor or Ruweng Biemnom Dinka with 6 sub-tribes. The area consists of 7 counties: Jau County , Aliny County , Wunkur County , Lake No county , Jamjang County , Abiemnom East County , and Abiemnom West County . This South Sudan location article

85-459: Is the state's primary economic activity. Many people of the state are nomadic agro-pastoralists who engage in both agriculture and rearing of livestock, especially cattle. Farming is primarily conducted during the rainy season, although some cultivation also occurs during summer. Vegetables are not widely cultivated, as most farmers are rural rather than urban, and therefore lack access to markets for their produce. Some NGOs have introduced farmers to

102-749: The Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 9 January 2005, was seen by the SSLM as promising nothing new differing from past treaties only in its observance by the international community. On 11 April 2011 the SSLM published a document that it called the Mayom Declaration , calling for a more inclusive government in South Sudan. Violence began with an assault SPLA in Unity State , leaving at least 45 people dead. According to

119-540: The Muglad rift basin and contains an estimated 150,000,000 barrels (24,000,000 m ) of oil. The Greater Nile Oil Pipeline begins in the Unity oilfield. Ruweng State The Ruweng Administrative Area is an administrative area in South Sudan . The area was known as Ruweng State between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020 when it was a state of South Sudan. On 1 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued

136-578: The New Sudan Council of Churches and the safety of which was guaranteed by the SPLA. Groups of Western Nuer and Dinka from Tonj , Rumbek and Yirol took part, leading to a peace agreement in March 1999 to end the ethnic fighting. The creation of the SSLM was accompanied by the announcement that most of the Nuer had formally broken away from the government. Between November 1999 and January 2000,

153-503: The Nuer majority, and the Dinka minority. In 2015, a presidential decree established a new system of 28 states, replacing the previously established 10. Unity State was replaced by the states of Ruweng , Northern Liech and Southern Liech . Unity State was re-established by a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020 with smaller boundaries as the northern part of the former state became

170-552: The Ruweng Administrative Area . The capital of Unity state is Bentiu . Before an administrative reorganization in 1994, Unity was part of a much larger province of Upper Nile, and the state was sometimes called Western Upper Nile. The counties of Unity are: Large towns in Unity include Bentiu , Mayom , Rubkona and Leer . Other towns include Riangnom , Rub-Koni , Yoahnyang , Tam , Mankien , Wang-Kay , Koch , Nyal and Ganyliel . Agriculture

187-651: The South Sudanese army. Two other militia groups also took up the amnesty offer. An SSLA spokesperson said "Our forces have joined the peace process with the South Sudan army" and that "because South Sudan needs development, peace and forgiveness, we have decided to end rebellion in South Sudan". The surrender took place in Mayom County, Unity State and were led by the SSLA's commander, Brigadier General Bapiny Monytuel. SSLA commanders will meet President Kiir in Juba within

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204-509: The group was known as the Upper Nile Provisional Military Command Council (UMCC). The SSLM claimed that it followed "two avenues to assert the rights of the people of South Sudan to freedom and self-determination". The group stated that it was in favor of negotiation with the government of Sudan until an acceptable peace-accord is signed and the government stops its raids in southern Sudan, but

221-625: The military, 20 of the victims were southern army soldiers. SSLA's spokesperson has said that the movement has declared a ceasefire with the government. On 26 April 2013 the South Sudanese government announced that it had granted an amnesty to SSLA fighters and that 3,000 men, comprising the entire force, had taken up the offer, crossed the border from Sudan and brought around 100 vehicles with them (including 37 technicals armed with machine guns and AA guns). President Salva Kiir pardoned all SSLA members who had surrendered their weapons to security forces. The former SSLA members are to be integrated into

238-504: The oilfields in South Sudan , causing a stream of Nuer refugees to flee towards SPLA-controlled Bahr al-Ghazal for protection. At least two previously pro-government Nuer militias aligned themselves with the SPLA, while the few Nuer loyal to the politically weakened Riek began to abandon the government's cause. The fact that Nuer refugees were being protected by the Dinka -dominated SPLA led to an unusual conference in Wunlit , sponsored by

255-455: The practice of cultivation for market. Southern Sudan's first oil reserves were discovered in the area during the 1970s. The international oil companies which engaged in oil exploration contributed to massive displacement of the indigenous population. Oilfields in the state include the Unity oilfield and most of Block 5A . The Unity oilfield is within the largest hydrocarbon accumulation in

272-514: The south, Warrap State in the southwest, Abyei to the northwest, and Sudan in the north. It is the most oil producing area in South Sudan, about 80% of South Sudanese oil is produced here, mainly in Unity / Darbim oil field (in the southern part), Heglig / Panthou oil field (in the north-western part), Tomasouth/Kaloj oilfield (in the western part) and Toor / Athony oil field or and other oil fields like Labob / Miading and Munga / Wanhe Danluel oilfield and Maan Awal and others fields . Ruweng

289-412: Was appointed Governor in 2015. On 16 June 2022, President Salva Kiir appointed a new chief administrator. On 8 June 2021, President Salva Kiir appointed a new chief administrator. The Ruweng Administrative Area is located in the northern part of South Sudan and its headquarters is at Pariang . It borders the former Upper Nile State in the east and Jonglei State in the southeast, Unity State in

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