An online newspaper (or electronic news or electronic news publication ) is the online version of a newspaper , either as a stand-alone publication or as the online version of a printed periodical .
62-583: Southport Reporter is an online newspaper started by Patrick Trollope. It was the UK's first online-only regional newspaper. It is based in Southport on Merseyside , and was quickly recognised by the National Union of Journalists as well as other media groups, authorities and organizations as a newspaper. This recognition was due to the fact it was only run by certificated professional journalists (often
124-430: A career in broadcast production. However, a heavy amount of the education they receive is hands-on activity through internships and working for on-campus broadcasting stations. This real world view of the field combined with classes that teach students the ins and outs of writing, capturing video, interviewing and editing creates a developed and prepared journalist. Finding a job in the broadcasting field can be tough due to
186-539: A digital one as well. There are some newspapers which are predominantly online, but also provide limited hard copy publishing An example is annarbor.com, which replaced the Ann Arbor News in the summer of 2009. It is primarily an online newspaper, but publishes a hard copy twice a week. Other trends indicate that this business model is being adopted by many newspapers with the growth of digital media. The turn to hybrid publishing models has been commensurate with
248-422: A few times, but mystery surrounds it. The group has been very quiet on the development. A few items have popped up in recent years, including on sites including Manchester Fashion Week, London Calling, North Devon Gazette and Liverpool Express . It has also been mentioned on websites like The North West Bus Blog, Felicity Hat Hire, Google Chrome website and Vessel Finder. However, as of yet, other than photos and
310-479: A free twelve-part weekly podcast series by Ricky Gervais . Another UK daily to go online is The Daily Telegraph . In Australia , most major newspapers offer an online version, with or without a paywalled subscription option. In Algeria , the number of daily visitors of news websites and online editions of newspapers surpasses the number of daily readers of print newspapers since the end of 2016. An online-only paper has no print-media connections. An example
372-528: A man named Edward R. Murrow . Edward Murrow was an American who traveled to England in order to broadcast news about World War II . He stayed in London throughout the war and was the first to report on events such as bombings in London and updated the people on Hitler's reign. Murrow gained his fame mainly after reporting on Hitler 's German army annexing Austria. Many Americans relied on his broadcasts throughout
434-492: A more timely manner. The credibility and strong brand recognition of well established newspapers, and the close relationships they have with advertisers, are also seen by many in the newspaper industry as strengthening their chances of survival. The movement away from the printing process can also help decrease costs. Online newspapers, like printed newspapers, have legal restrictions regarding libel, privacy, and copyright, also apply to online publications in most countries as in
496-428: A much larger industry because it was the easiest and quickest way for people to get updates on what was going on throughout the world. Informative radio continued while television reporting also began to take flight. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s television news sources grew, but radio still dominated. It wasn't until John F. Kennedy 's assassination in 1963 that television newscasting took off. Radio could only capture
558-506: A new trend that some allegedly fear will take over broadcast journalism as it is known. News companies, like Fox News, are employing citizen journalists, which is a new phenomenon in journalism. The terms " fake news " and " yellow journalism " have taken over broadcast journalism throughout the years. Its impact on broadcast journalism played a role in how news about the election was spread. Fake news defines how viewers see news that may be misleading or false. The main aim of yellow journalism
620-462: A story, can be referred to related articles, can offer comments for publication and can print stories at home. Technological convergence also lets newsrooms collaborate with other media, broadcast outlets sometimes have partnerships with their print counterparts. Citizen broadcast journalism is a new form of technology that has allowed regular civilians to post stories they see through outlets such as Snapchat , Facebook , and Twitter . It has become
682-573: A week. The website was the first online-only newspaper in Atlantic Canada and has been behind a paywall since starting in 2001. Even print media is turning to online-only publication. As of 2009, the decrease of the traditional business model of print newspapers has led to various attempts to establish local, regional or national online-only newspapers - publications that do original reporting, rather than just commentary or summaries of reporting from other publications. An early major example in
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#1732765673376744-440: Is an edited set of video clips for a news story and is common on television. It is typically narrated by a reporter. It is a story with audio, video, graphics and video effects. The news anchor , or presenter, usually reads a "lead-in" (introduction) before the package is aired and may conclude the story with additional information, called a "tag". A "reader" is an article read without accompanying video or sound. Sometimes an "over
806-417: Is greatly narrowed and that local concerns are neglected, including local emergencies, for which communication is critical. Automation has resulted in many stations broadcasting for many hours a day with no one on the station premises. When radio first became popular, it was not used as a source of information; rather, people listened to the radio solely for entertainment purposes. This began to change with
868-593: Is in line with the Pew Research Center's finding in a survey of U.S. Americans that the Internet is a leading source of news for people younger than 50. Not all articles published online receive the same amount of attention; there are factors that determine their popularity. The number of times an article gets shared on social media is relevant for activists, politicians, authors, online-publishers and advertisers. They thus have an interest in knowing
930-425: Is not an online news publication. News reporters are being taught to shoot video and to write in the succinct manner necessary for Internet news pages. Some newspapers have attempted to integrate the Internet into every aspect of their operations, e.g., the writing of stories for both print and online, and classified advertisements appearing in both media, while other newspaper websites may be quite different from
992-664: Is the UK Southport Reporter , introduced in 2000—a weekly regional newspaper that is not produced or run in any format than 'soft-copy' on the Internet by its publishers, PCBT Photography. Another early example is "Bangla2000", also introduced in 2000, which was uploaded twice daily from Bangladesh and Edited by Tukun Mahmud Nurul Momen. Unlike the UK Southport Reporter, it was not a regional newspaper. Bangla2000.com ran international, economic, and sports news as well, simultaneously. The largest library of
1054-551: Is the message "). Television is dominated by attractive visuals (including beauty, action, and shock), with short soundbites and fast "cuts" (changes of camera angle ). Television viewing numbers have become fragmented, with the introduction of cable news channels, such as Cable News Network (CNN), Fox News Channel and MSNBC . The industry divides local television in North America into media markets. These television markets are defined by viewing area and are ranked by
1116-453: Is the sharing and cross-promoting of content from a variety of media, all of which, in theory, converge and become one medium. In broadcast news, the internet is a key to convergence. Frequently, broadcast journalists also write text stories for the Web, usually accompanied by the graphics and sound of the original story. Websites offer the audience an interactive form where they can learn more about
1178-660: The Southport Reporter to become better established. In 2001 the section was moved again and became fully independent, hosted as SouthportReporter.com. As it was by then becoming established, it was also registered as a trademark. As the website became larger, it also began to be published under the names Mersey Reporter and Liverpool Reporter . By April 2002 Southport Reporter was starting to become known as Southport & Mersey Reporter , due to its coverage of news from all parts of Merseyside. By then they had started covering events as far away as Manchester, with
1240-548: The teleprompters and professional video cameras and serve as lighting and rigging technicians ( grips ). Broadcast journalism is changing rapidly, causing issues within the business as well. Many people can no longer find jobs in broadcast journalism because much more is online and does not even need to be broadcast by a person. Others are being laid off to invest more money into new technologies. Other changes include innovations allowing TV stations to better alert viewers in emergencies and have higher quality services. Convergence
1302-411: The Internet in the 1990s. By the late 1990s, hundreds of U.S. newspapers were publishing online versions, but did not yet offer much interactivity. One example is Britain's Weekend City Press Review , which provided a weekly news summary online beginning in 1995. Today, online news has become a huge part of society which leads people to argue whether or not it is good for society. Austra Taylor, author of
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#17327656733761364-572: The U.S. is the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , which stopped publishing after 149 years in March 2009 and went online only. In Scotland, in 2010, Caledonian Mercury became Scotland's first online-only newspaper, with the same aims as Southport Reporter in the UK, with The Yorkshire Times the following suit and becoming Yorkshire's first online-only paper in 2011. The Independent ceased print publications in 2016, becoming
1426-539: The UK. Also, the UK Data Protection Act applies to online newspapers and news pages. Up to 2014, the PCC ruled in the UK, but there was no clear distinction between authentic online newspapers and forums or blogs. In 2007, a ruling was passed to formally regulate UK-based online newspapers, news audio, and news video websites covering the responsibilities expected of them and to clear up what is, and what
1488-775: The United States, and the United Kingdom. All samples within each country were nationally representative. Half of the sample reportedly paid for a print newspaper in the past 7 days, and only one-twentieth of the sample paid for online news in the past 7 days. That only 5% of the sample had recently paid for online newspaper access is likely because most people access news that is free. People with portable devices, like tablets or smartphones, were significantly more likely to subscribe to digital news content. Additionally, people aged between 25 and 34 are more willing to pay for digital news than older people across all countries. This
1550-586: The corresponding printed newspaper. An early example of an "online-only" newspaper or magazine was (PLATO) News Report , an online newspaper created by Bruce Parrello in 1974 on the PLATO system at the University of Illinois. The first newspaper to go online was The Columbus Dispatch on July 1, 1980. Beginning in 1987, the Brazilian newspaper Jornaldodia ran on the state-owned Embratel network , moving to
1612-679: The day of publication is less important when it comes to predicting the popularity of the article. Broadcast journalism Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds. Broadcast articles can be written as "packages", "readers", " voice-overs " (VO) and " sound on tape " (SOT). A "sack"
1674-632: The decreased viewing and limited number of stations in each location, but the online media presence is causing employment to be, "...predicted to decline by 8% from 2014 to 2024." News anchors (formerly "anchormen") serve as masters-of-ceremonies and are usually shown facing a professional video camera in a television studio while reading unseen teleprompters . The anchors are often in pairs (co-anchors), who sit side by side and often alternate their reading. Meteorologists stand in front of chroma key backgrounds to describe weather forecasting and show maps, charts and pictures. Reporters research and write
1736-475: The evening news emphasizes "hard" news. Many young journalists start out by learning about broadcast journalism through high school courses. They learn how to navigate the newsroom and equipment, and they learn the ethics and standards of journalism. Although learning the responsibilities of a journalist is important, education is required to work in broadcast journalism. A bachelor's degree in, "...journalism, broadcast journalism or interactive media," can lead to
1798-655: The fact that they own or run VAMPhire.com, the connection is still unclear. As they have a connection to book publishing via that name, this is worth keeping an eye on, as very little movement has taken place on some of the group's other websites. With all the developments on the Press Regulator side, some are asking what the next move will be for this group, who are also now going under the name PBT Media Relations Ltd. Online newspaper Going online created more opportunities for newspapers, such as competing with broadcast journalism in presenting breaking news in
1860-471: The field of broadcast journalism is constantly having to adapt to the changing technology of today. Television (TV) news is considered by many to be the most influential medium for journalism. For most of the American public, local news and national TV newscasts are the primary news sources. Not only the numbers of audience viewers, but the effect on each viewer is considered more persuasive (" The medium
1922-632: The first British national newspaper to move to an online only format. In the US, technology news websites such as CNET , TechCrunch , and ZDNet started as web publications and enjoy comparable readership to the conventional newspapers. Also, with the ever-rising popularity of online media, veteran publications like the U.S. News & World Report are abandoning print and going online-only. In October 2020, 11 online only news portals formed DIGIPUB News India foundation to encourage an ecosystem of Digital Only press. In 2015, 65% of people reported that print
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1984-450: The first members of the new Regulator in 2016. This was a major step, resulting in PR from the likes of The Financial Times , the UK's Press Gazette and the UK's Guardian . This makes them fully regulated and lets them publish and display the 'IMPRESS Kitemark.' In 2015 the site started putting a small logo up on its websites with the words "VAMPHire.com." They have mentioned this project
2046-449: The history of broadcast journalism has its origins in the early days of radio transmission, it is television with its attractive visuals and rapid dissemination that has empowered broadcast journalism to emerge as the most influential form of journalism until the rise of the Internet and the new forms of journalism associated with digital technologies. The internet often beats out broadcast journalism in terms of reporting breaking news , and
2108-417: The idea had grown into a multi-page system. In 1999 the site was moved onto his photographic business website, PCBT Photography. The interest shown during 1999 helped the idea develop quicker, but produced bandwidth restriction problems by the end of 1999. In 2000, the site was again moved to a new temporary host location, on a newly launched site called Southport.gb.com. The increase of visitors in 2000 helped
2170-474: The increasing importance of social media platforms to disseminate news, especially amongst 18-24 demographic. In 2013, the Reuters Institute commissioned a cross-country survey on news consumption, and gathered data related to online newspaper use that emphasizes the lack of use of paid online newspaper services. The countries surveyed were France, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Japan, Brazil,
2232-557: The journalist held NUJ or IFJ ID/certification). As a result, they had to follow and run under the rules of the UK Press Complaints Commission's Code of Practice and the NUJ Code of Conduct. The idea started when Patrick Trollope decided to use unpublished news as a single page on a website called Formby Online, run by Andy Johnson, over 1998 and 1999, after studying at Wolverhampton University . By 1999
2294-536: The nightly local newscasts are 30 minutes, and include sports coverage and weather. News anchors are shown sitting at a desk in a television studio. The news anchors read teleprompters that contain local interest stories and breaking news. Reporters frequently tell their stories outside the formal television studio in the field, in a remote broadcast setting where Electronic news-gathering (ENG) techniques are used with production trucks. Daytime television or morning shows include more "soft" news and feature pieces, while
2356-407: The number of article shares. With the dataset being publicly available, a fair amount of data analysis has been conducted. Some can be found on the website "Kaggle" . One "classification analysis" . GitHub . 30 November 2020. used machine learning methods, namely, logistic regression , linear discriminant analysis , artificial neural networks and random forests to predict
2418-458: The number of audience viewers. New broadcast journalists generally start in the smaller markets with fewer viewers and move up to larger television stations and television networks after gaining experience. The larger stations usually have more resources and better pay. United States stations typically broadcast local news three or four times a day: around 4:30–7 am (morning), 11:30 or noon (midday), 5 or 6 pm (evening), and 10 or 11 at night. Most of
2480-691: The number of shares, preferably even predicting it before the article is being published. With new methods of Natural Language Processing such as Latent Dirichlet allocation it is possible to gain insights into the core characteristics of an article. A team of Portuguese scientists retrieved data from the website Mashable and made the dataset publicly available. Said "dataset about online news popularity" . consists of 39,644 observations and 60 possible features, that have been collected over two years from 2013 to 2015. The features consist of variables describing words, links, digital media, time, keywords, insights from Natural Language Processing and
2542-589: The online newspaper published a paperback book under the publishing name VAMPhire.com. Beyond The Book was printed as part of an event called "ScareFEST 3 – Beyond The Book" that took place in October 2016 in a town called Crosby in Merseyside (UK). The event showcased seven UK award-winning authors including those who were published in the book: Jon Mayhew , Tommy Donbavand , Barry Hutchison , Philip Caveney , Joseph Delaney and David Gatward . The book
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2604-519: The paper covering the Manchester Commonwealth Games, on a local and international level. By 2007 the paper was being used as a news resource for many international media groups, like HULIQ. In 2008 the paper ran a Limited Company, called PBT Media Relations Ltd. Company UK. Also in 2008 the paper started to push for better rights for photographers in the UK. After Liverpool 's run as European Capital of Culture 2008, tourism
2666-557: The popular book, The Peoples Platform, argues that online news does not provide the detail needed to fully understand what actually happened. It is more just a fast summary to inform people what happened, but does not give a solution or fixation to the problem. Very few newspapers in 2006 claimed to have made money from their websites, which were mostly free to all viewers. Declining profit margins and declining circulation in daily newspapers forced executives to contemplate new methods of obtaining revenue from websites, without charging for
2728-706: The radio broadcasts were men. There was a small number of women who hosted programs that were for homemakers and were on entertainment broadcast. After World War II, the doors for women in broadcasting opened up. This was also due to the shortage of men that were home during the war, so news outlets looked to women to fill those gaps of times. In the 1960s and 1970s larger numbers of women began to enter into broadcast news field. Both radio and television are major sources for broadcast journalism today, even with rapidly expanding technology. Television still focuses on covering major events, but radio broadcasts focus more on analyzing stories rather than reporting breaking news. Although
2790-414: The recorded sounds of events themselves, and the anchor or host. Some radio news might run for just four minutes, but contain 12–15 stories. These new bulletins must balance the desire for a broad overview of current events with the audience's limited capacity to focus on a large number of different stories. The radio industry has undergone a radical consolidation of ownership, with fewer companies owning
2852-428: The remaining 75%. Contrastingly, ad revenue for digital methods was 5% in 2006. Hybrid newspapers are predominantly focused on online content, but also produce a print form. Trends in online newspapers indicate publications may switch to digital methods, especially online newspapers in the future. The New York Times is an example of this model of the newspaper as it provides both a home delivery print subscription and
2914-433: The shoulder digital on-screen graphic " is added. A voice-over, or VO, is a video article narrated by the anchor. Sound on tape, or SOT, is sound or video usually recorded in the field. It is usually an interview or soundbite. Radio was the first medium for broadcast journalism. Many of the first radio stations were co-operative community radio ventures not making a profit. Later, radio advertising to pay for programs
2976-481: The sound of the event, but television showed people the true horror of the assassination. This was one of the first major events in which news companies competed with each other to get the news out to the public first. CBS News was the first to report that Kennedy had been shot and was killed. News crews spent the next several days covering everything happening in Washington, including Kennedy's funeral. This set
3038-431: The standard for news stations to have to cover major events quicker and get them out to the public as they were happening. The JFK assassination helped to transform television journalism to how it is today, with instantaneous coverage and live coverages at major events. Television offered faster coverage than radio and allowed viewers to feel more as if they were experiencing the event because they could visualize exactly what
3100-504: The stories and sometimes use video editing to prepare the story for air into a "package". Reporters are usually engaged in electronic field production (EFP) and are accompanied by a videographer at the scenes of the news; the latter holds the camera. The videographer or assistants manage the audio and lighting; they are in charge of setting up live television shots and might edit using a non-linear editing system (NLE). Segment producers choose, research and write stories, as well as deciding
3162-609: The subscription. This has been difficult. Newspapers with specialized audiences such as The Wall Street Journal and The Chronicle of Higher Education successfully charge subscription fees. Most newspapers have an online edition, including The Los Angeles Times , The Washington Post , USA Today , Mid-Day , and The New York Times . Many European countries also have their own English-language online news, such as The Daily Slovak News ( Slovakia ), Helsinki Times ( Finland ) and The Moscow Times ( Russia ). The Guardian experimented with new media in 2005, offering
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#17327656733763224-428: The thousands of stations. Large media conglomerates such as Clear Channel Communications own most of the radio stations in the United States. That has resulted in more " niche " formats and the sharing of resources within clusters of stations, de-emphasizing local news and information. There has been concern over whether this concentration serves the public. The opposition says that the range of political views expressed
3286-419: The timing and arrangement of the newscast. Associate producer, if any, specialize in other elements of the show such as graphics. A newscast director is in charge of television show preparation, including assigning camera and talent (cast) positions on the set, as well as selecting the camera shots and other elements for either recorded or live television video production. The technical director (TD) operates
3348-404: The top ten percent most frequently shared articles. The conclusion is, that the average keywords within an article and the average popularity of said keywords have the greatest impact on the amount of shares an article receives. Moreover, the amount of links to other articles and the closeness to the most relevant current topics are influencing the popularity of an article heavily. On the other hand,
3410-520: The video switcher, which controls and mixes all the elements of the show. At smaller stations, the Director and Technical Director are the same person. A graphics operator operates a character generator (CG) that produces the lower third on-screen titles and full-page digital on-screen graphics. The audio technician operates the audio mixing console. The technician is in charge of the microphones, music and audio tape. Often, production assistants operate
3472-436: The war to gain information about the war. More people also began to rely on radio for information after the attacks on Pearl Harbor . People found out about the bombing through President Roosevelt's broadcast interrupting their daily programming. It set Americans on edge, and people began to rely more heavily on the radio for major announcements throughout World War II . World War II was a time where radio broadcasting became
3534-586: The world Library of Congress archived it subsequently. Unlike blog sites and other news websites, it is run as a newspaper and is recognized by media groups such as the NUJ and/or the IFJ . They fall under relevant press regulations and are signed up to the official UK press regulator IMPRESS . allNovaScotia is an online newspaper based in Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada that publishes business and political news six days
3596-523: Was at an all-time high in the area, so by 2009, questions within the Merseyside's community were being asked about the city's next steps. As a result, it was not surprising that Southport & Mersey Reporter would be consulted on the city's future development, resulting in them becoming a media partner of the "Beyond Capital of Culture: A New Dawn for Tourism in Liverpool" event. In October 2012,
3658-457: Was going on. NBC ( National Broadcasting Company ) and CBS ( Columbia Broadcasting System ) were the two competing forces of news broadcasting in the early years of broadcast journalism. NBC was established in 1926 and CBS in 1927. There was a divide in the industry because they were not only competing against each other, but radio news that had already been established. Women had a hard time immersing themselves into radio news seeing as most of
3720-574: Was illustrated by Sean Steele. In 2013 the group started backing the Liverpool JCI as part of their aim to use the online paper to help development and improve the area's image. IN 2014 the group was still leading the way as they started to get involved with the UK's first fully independent press regulation known as IMPRESS - the Independent Press Regulator . Southport Reporter and its connected websites became one of
3782-495: Was pioneered in radio. Later still, television displaced radio and newspapers as the main news sources for most of the public in industrialized countries. Some of the programming on radio is locally produced and some is broadcast by a radio network, for example, by syndication . The "talent" (professional voices) talk to the audience, including reading the news. People tune in to hear engaging radio personalities, music, and information. In radio news, stories include speech soundbites,
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#17327656733763844-404: Was their preferred method for reading a newspaper, down 4% from 2014. The methods people use to get their news from digital means was at 28%, as opposed to 20% of people attaining the news through print newspapers. These trends indicate an increase in digital consumption of newspapers, as opposed to print. Today, ad revenue for digital forms of newspapers is nearly 25%, while print is constituting
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