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Socorro Basin

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Haskay-bay-nay-ntayl ( c. 1860 – November 11, 1900 or September 4, 1907 / ), better known as the Apache Kid , was born in Aravaipa Canyon , 25 miles (40 kilometers) south of San Carlos Agency, into one of the three local groups of the Aravaipa/Arivaipa Apache Band (in Apache: Tsee Zhinnee – ″Dark Rocks People″) of San Carlos Apache , one subgroup of the Western Apache people . As a member of what the U.S. government called the "SI band", Kid developed important skills and became a famous and respected scout and later a notorious renegade active in the borderlands of the U.S. states of Arizona and New Mexico in the late 19th and possibly the early 20th centuries.

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53-588: The Socorro Basin is a geographical feature in Socorro Co. , New Mexico . It defines the transition where the Rio Grande Rift system broadens into a series of parallel basins separated by intra-rift horst blocks. Socorro Basin is hydraulically connected to rift basins to the north and south by flow-through drainage of the Rio Grande and southward flow of groundwater through alluvial sediments of

106-709: A legend. In 1896, John Horton Slaughter claimed to have killed the Apache Kid in the mountains of Chihuahua . In 1899, Colonel Emilio Kosterlitzky , of the Mexican Rurales , reported that the Kid was alive and well and living among the Apache of the Sierra Madre Occidental . This was never confirmed. In his book, Cow Dust and Saddle Leather (1968), Ben Camp relates in detail his knowledge of

159-510: A medicine belt with roots and herbs. Mormon settlers who had previously encountered the Apache Kid or seen wanted posters confirmed the identification. The leader's body was buried alongside the woman and child, with Mexican officials later verifying that the deceased were Apaches. Cattle ranchers continued to report rustling well into the 1920s, often claiming it was the Apache Kid in the lead, but these claims also were never confirmed, and authorities eventually simply discounted any involvement by

212-466: A stagecoach driver, Eugene Middleton . In what was later called the Kelvin Grade massacre , Reynolds was shot by Pas-Lau-Tau and Holmes died of a heart attack; Middleton was shot in the head, but survived, and stated later that he would have been killed outright had the Kid not intervened and prevented his death. Middleton elaborated that he had offered the Apache Kid a cigarette, and this was why

265-576: A two-year reign of terror before he was killed,” Victorio is at least as highly regarded as Geronimo or Cochise among Apaches. Perhaps most famous outlaw was the Apache Kid whose supposed grave lies within the Apache Kid Wilderness. Stories of depredations by the Apache Kid, and of his demise, became so common and dramatic that in southwestern folklore they may be exceeded only by tales of lost Spanish gold. Native Americans lingered in

318-622: Is home to an extensive variety of ecosystems and wildlife. Socorro County contains 826 species of wildlife, including 14 amphibians, 60 reptiles, 336 birds, and 96 mammals. Wildlife in the County includes coyote , deer , elk , pronghorn antelope , bighorn sheep , Barbary sheep , black bear , mountain lion , wild turkey , various furbearers , Mexican spotted owl , and quail . There are three congressionally designated Wilderness areas located within Socorro County. The Apache Kid and

371-488: The 2000 census , there were 18,078 people, 6,675 households, and 4,492 families residing in the county. The population density was 3 people per square mile (1.2 people/km ). There were 7,808 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0.39/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 62.9% White , 0.6% Black or African American , 10.9% Native American , 1.1% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 20.1% from other races , and 4.3% from two or more races. 48.7% of

424-427: The 4th Cavalry in pursuit of the escapees. The Kid and his followers evaded the soldiers, while relying on assistance from sympathetic Apaches. The Kid contacted the army and explained that if the soldiers were recalled, he would surrender. They were, and he did, on June 25, 1887. The Kid and four others were court-martialed , found guilty of mutiny and desertion , and sentenced to death by firing squad . In August,

477-541: The Democratic Party in many recent elections, though in the past it leaned Republican . The majority (51 percent) of voters registered in the 2012 General Election were Democrats, with the rest of registered voters breaking down as 30 percent Republican, 15 percent Declined To Say, and 3 percent Other. In 2012, Socorro County voted for President Obama 56 percent to 38 percent, with a trend of voting Democratic from 1992 through 2020. In 2024, Donald Trump carried

530-613: The Mescalero Apache tribe. The tribe was informed of the situation and her two children were taken into the tribe. On November 11, 1900, a man believed to be the Apache Kid was killed near Colonia Pacheco, Mexico. Following a raid on the Mormon settlement in which Apaches stole food, livestock, and supplies, ranchers Martin Harris and Thomas Allen tracked the raiders to their camp. During the confrontation, Harris and Allen fired on

583-929: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and its associated Very Large Array , the Magdalena Ridge Observatory , and the Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research . Federal public lands in Socorro County include parts of the Cibola National Forest , the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge , the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge , the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Socorro Field Office, parts of

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636-668: The Rio Grande valley . The principal aquifer system consists of the shallow aquifer, the Popotosa confining bed, and the Popotosa aquifer. The minor aquifer systems, which are dominant along the basin margins, are the Socorro volcanics aquifer system and the Mesozoic-Paleozoic aquifer system. On the east side of the Socorro Basin, water enters the principal aquifer system from the Mesozoic-Paleozoic aquifer system. On

689-663: The Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument , and parts of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail . Socorro County's history is intimately linked with the rich history of the surrounding area. Basham noted in his report documenting the archeological history of the Cibola National Forest's Magdalena Ranger District, which is almost entirely within Socorro County, that “[t]he heritage resources on

742-494: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 6,649 square miles (17,220 km ), of which 6,647 square miles (17,220 km ) is land and 2.1 square miles (5.4 km ) (0.03%) is water. It is the second-largest county in New Mexico by area, after Catron County . Socorro County ranges in elevation from approximately 4,528 ft (1,380 m) on the banks of the Rio Grande to 10,784 ft (3,287 m) at

795-719: The Withington Wilderness Areas are both located in the San Mateo Mountains within the Cibola National Forest's Magdalena Ranger District. The Bosque del Apache Wilderness comprises two separate sections, totaling 30,427 acres of the National Wildlife Refuge. There are an additional 172,143 acres of Forest Service Inventoried Roadless Areas and 159,891 acres of BLM Wilderness Study Areas in the county. These undeveloped lands without roads offer outstanding opportunities to experience

848-409: The 7,014 households, 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.% were non-families, and 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 36.9 years. The median income for a household in

901-489: The Apache Kid was killed after being struck by two bullets while attempting to draw his rifle. His belongings provided evidence for his supposed identification as the Apache Kid. The inventory included: French field glasses, a bow and quiver of arrows, moccasins and leatherwork of fine craftsmanship, a Colt revolver with a pearl handle, a rifle, a belt filled with .45-70 cartridges, a feathered war cap with silver and turquoise adornments, two crosses, one Catholic and one Masonic,

954-476: The Apache Kid. The last reported crimes allegedly committed by the Kid were in 1894. It was in that year in the San Mateo Mountains west of Socorro, New Mexico that Charles Anderson, a rancher, and his cowboys killed an Apache who had been rustling cattle and who was identified at the time as the Apache Kid. That identification is also contested. After that, the Apache Kid became something of

1007-406: The Apache kid had left him alive. The prisoners escaped into the desert. Militias, bounty hunters, and U.S. Army soldiers cooperated over the following months in a manhunt for the escapees, all of whom were eventually recaptured except for the Apache Kid. For years there were unconfirmed reports of sightings of the Apache Kid, but nothing ever came of any of them. Over the next several years, the Kid

1060-636: The Chief of the Army Scouts. A few years later, in 1881, the Kid enlisted with the U.S. Cavalry as an Indian scout , in a program designed by General George Crook to help quell raids by hostile bands of Apache . By July 1882, owing to his remarkable abilities in the job, he was promoted to sergeant . Shortly thereafter he accompanied Crook on an expedition into the Sierra Madre Occidental . He worked on assignment both in Arizona and northern Mexico over

1113-527: The Kid was on the run. Again the Kid and the others were arrested, and again they were convicted, this time sentenced to seven years in prison. The convicts were initially imprisoned in Globe, Arizona , but were soon arranged to be transported to Yuma Territorial Prison . During the prisoner transfer, on the morning of November 2, 1889, nine prisoners, including the Apache Kid, escaped by overpowering two guards, Sheriffs Glenn Reynolds and William A. Holmes , and

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1166-551: The Kid, long thought dead by either gunshot or sickness, as those rumors had filtered down also. Edgar Rice Burroughs , future creator of the Tarzan tales, was a member of the 7th U.S. Cavalry while they were "chasing" the Apache Kid in 1896 Arizona. Today, one mile from Apache Kid Peak, high in the San Mateo Mountains of the Cibola National Forest , a marker stands as a grave, where the Anderson posse claimed to have killed

1219-684: The Magdalena-Datil region from the seventeenth century until they were defeated in the Apache Wars in the late nineteenth century. Outlaw renegades Butch Cassidy and the Wild Bunch and notorious Apaches like Cochise and Geronimo have ties to Socorro County's San Mateo Mountains. Vicks Peak was named after Victorio , “a Mimbreño Apache leader whose territory included much of the south and southwest New Mexico.” Famous for defying relocation orders in 1879 and leading his warriors “on

1272-510: The San Mateos well into the 1900s. We know this by an essay written by Aldo Leopold in 1919 where he documents stumbling upon the remains of a recently abandoned Indian hunting camp. A mining rush followed the Apache wars – gold, silver, and copper were found in the mountains. It wasn't until this time that extensive use of the area by non-Native Americans occurred. While some mining activity, involving gold, silver, and copper, occurred in

1325-528: The area's amazing natural heritage, to getaway and enjoy the outdoors and, for the hearty, to explore deep into the backcountry and challenge yourself in the area's big wild. The high mountains, remote canyons, pristine forests and diverse wildlife found on the area's national forests, national wildlife refuges, national monuments, and BLM's national system of public lands provide for phenomenal recreation opportunities, including picnicking, hiking, backpacking, wildlife viewing, horseback-riding, and hunting. In fact,

1378-500: The arrival of sandhill cranes and other migratory birds. Rare whooping cranes are also found occasionally on the Bosque del Apache. The natural amenities in Socorro contribute to a strong tourism industry for the county. Visitors spent $ 47.4 million in Socorro County in 2011. Recreation alone accounted for more than $ 4 million in visitor spending in both 2010 and 2011. Tourism accounts for 8.8% of employment and 4.5% of labor income for

1431-603: The county has supported a Republican state representative in District 49 since 2000. The current county commissioners of Socorro County are: Ravi Bhasker has been serving as the mayor of Socorro since 1990 and is a general practice medical doctor. The current mayor of Magdalena is Richard Rumpf (ZW), elected by the village board upon the previous mayor's resignation in 2016. Socorro County backed Democratic gubernatorial nominee Michelle Lujan Grisham in 2018 by 57.4%, defeating Republican Steve Pearce by nearly 15 points in

1484-461: The county was $ 23,439, and the median income for a family was $ 29,544. Males had a median income of $ 28,490 versus $ 22,482 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 12,826. About 24.1% of families and 31.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 43.6% of those under age 18 and 24.3% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 census , there were 17,866 people, 7,014 households, and 4,349 families residing in

1537-402: The county was $ 33,284 and the median income for a family was $ 41,964. Males had a median income of $ 40,295 versus $ 27,819 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,801. About 22.7% of families and 26.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 33.1% of those under age 18 and 19.0% of those age 65 or over. Like much of New Mexico, Socorro County has leaned toward

1590-705: The county with a narrow majority, the first time a Republican presidential candidate had done this since Bush in 1988. Socorro County voted for Senator Heinrich (D) 53 percent to 43 percent in 2012. While Rep. Pearce (R) won Socorro County 52 percent to 48 percent in 2012, Socorro supported Democrats for the U.S. House in both 2008 and 2010 (with 50.2% and 63% Democratic, respectively). The County supported Governor Martinez (R) 53 percent to 47 percent in 2010 but went for Governor Richardson (D) in both 2002 and 2006. Socorro has supported Democratic state senators in Districts 28 and 30 for every election since 2000. In contrast,

1643-507: The county. The population density was 2.7 inhabitants per square mile (1.0/km ). There were 8,059 housing units at an average density of 1.2 per square mile (0.46/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 75.1% white, 11.7% American Indian, 1.2% Asian, 1.1% black or African American, 8.1% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 48.5% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 7.1% were English , 6.8% were German , and 4.2% were American . Of

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1696-498: The county. Additionally, tourism resulted in $ 7.7 million of total tax revenue, including $ 1.1 million in local tax revenue. School districts include: 34°01′N 106°56′W  /  34.02°N 106.93°W  / 34.02; -106.93 Apache Kid His exact date of birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been born sometime in the 1860s. His year of death is given as either November 11, 1900 or September 7, 1907, but some New Mexico cattle ranchers claimed he

1749-443: The county. However, in 2022 , Republicans rebounded considerably and Grisham lost Socorro county to Republican Mark Ronchetti , by a margin of just 38 votes (2,988 votes to 2,950 respectively). It was the only county in the state to flip Republican that year, even as Grisham handedly won re-election statewide. With multiple mountain ranges, extents of grasslands and marshes providing a wide array of available habitats, Socorro County

1802-577: The district are diverse and representative of nearly every prominent human evolutionary event known to anthropology. Evidence for human use of district lands date back 14,000 years to the Paleoindian period providing glimpses into the peopling of the New World and megafaunal extinction .“ Much of the now Magdalena Ranger District were a province of the Apache . Bands of Apache effectively controlled

1855-581: The four biggest elk in New Mexico were bagged in Socorro county and the Datil Mountains . The two most popular recreational activities on the Cibola National Forest are hiking/walking and viewing natural features with 35% and 15% of visitors citing these as their main activities, respectively. The Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge hosts the Festival of the Cranes every November, celebrating

1908-488: The group, killing a male leader, a woman, and a child. The posse members quickly noted the pair of binoculars found on the Apache's body. These binoculars had been a distinctive possession of the Apache Kid, who had carried them since his days as an Army scout. No other member of the Sierra Madre Apache band was known to have had such a pair, other than a few select leaders, like Geronimo. The man identified as

1961-553: The last days of the Apache Kid. Chapter 17 is entitled "The Apache Kid's Last Horse Wrangle". In it, the author describes the scene he witnessed as a 17-year-old, how Billy Keene, a member of the posse, actually had the head of the Apache Kid in Chloride, New Mexico in the year 1907. The chapter describes how, starting September 4, 1907, the posse split up and tracked down the Apache Kid in the San Mateo Mountains. Camp describes in detail events related by Billy Keene. He also relates how

2014-631: The last regularly used cattle trail in the United States stretched 125 miles westward from Magdalena. The route was formally known as the Magdalena Livestock Driveway, but more popularly known to cowboys and cattlemen as the Beefsteak Trail. The trail began use in 1865 and its peak was in 1919. The trail was used continually until trailing gave way to trucking and the trail officially closed in 1971. According to

2067-483: The next couple of years, but in 1885 he was involved in a riot while intoxicated, and to prevent his being hanged by Mexican authorities, Sieber sent him back north. Sometimes he is also counted as White Mountain Apache , but it does not match his family background. He was the son (some sources say grandson) of Togodechuz/Togo-de-Chuz, chief of the so-called "SI band" and he had very high prominence in that particular band. Kid married into another important family, becoming

2120-435: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 6,675 households, out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2173-504: The scouts in their absence. The scouts decided to have a party, and brewed up what was called tiswin , a type of liquor . During the drinking, several became intoxicated, and an altercation between a scout named Gon-Zizzie (a member of a third Aravaipa band, the "SA band") and the Kid's father, Togo-de-Chuz, resulted in the Kid's father being killed. In turn, friends of the Kid killed Gon-Zizzie. The Kid also killed Gon-Zizzie's brother, Rip. On June 1, 1887, Sieber and Lt. John Pierce confronted

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2226-468: The scouts involved in the altercations, and ordered them to disarm and comply with arrest until the incidents could be handled properly through investigation. The Kid and the others complied, but a shot was fired from a crowd that had gathered to watch the events. Several other shots were fired from the crowd, including one that hit Sieber in the ankle. During the confusion, the Apache Kid and several others fled. The army reacted swiftly, sending two troops of

2279-457: The sentence was commuted to life in prison . General Nelson A. Miles intervened and further reduced the sentence to ten years in prison. The five prisoners were sent to Alcatraz , where they remained until their convictions were overturned in October 1888. They were freed, but in October 1889, Apaches in the area enraged by their release were able to force the issue of new warrants, and again

2332-527: The son-in-law of the prominent "SL band" chief Eskiminzin ( Hashkebansiziin – "Angry, Men Stand in Line for Him", 1828–1894), his wife was possibly Nahthledeztelth. Because Eskiminizin was also a band chief of another Aravaipa local group consequently, that gave him high status very early on. In May 1887, Sieber and several army officers left the San Carlos post on business, and the Kid was left in charge of

2385-444: The southern part of the range near the end of the nineteenth century, the prospecting/mining remnants are barely visible today due to collapse, topographic screening, and vegetation regrowth. While miners combed the mountains for mineral riches during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, stockmen drove tens of thousands of sheep and cattle to stockyards at the village of Magdalena, then linked by rail with Socorro. In fact,

2438-533: The time of his demise. In addition, the book reports that an Apache woman was wounded in the shootout. The book continues to describe the events of her search for food. She was eventually captured at the Monica Tanks cabin fifty miles south of San Marcial. When questioned she confirmed that her husband was the Apache Kid and he had been killed at the head of the San Mateo Canyon. She was returned to

2491-716: The top of South Baldy peak in the Magdalena Mountains . The southern portion of the Rocky Mountains extend into New Mexico and Socorro County. There are several mountain ranges that spread throughout the county. The Forest Service manages portions of four mountain ranges: the Bear , Datil , Magdalena , and San Mateo Mountains . Most of the land that comprises these mountains are within the Cibola National Forest. These ranges, as well as Ladron Peak located in Socorro County, are classified as sky islands . As of

2544-473: The watch belonged to a rancher named Saunders. Saunders was found dead and another man, Red Mills, was being held in connection with his murder. The gold-filled Elgin watch had been sent to a jeweler to be repaired. The jeweler who repaired it had written down the serial number and inscribed one of his own in the back of the case. The Apache Kid had apparently been known to be in the area of the Saunders ranch at

2597-472: The west side of the Socorro Basin, groundwater flows from the principal aquifer system in La Jencia Basin eastward to the principal aquifer system in the Socorro Basin. Socorro County, New Mexico Socorro County ( Spanish : Condado de Socorro ) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico . As of the 2020 census , the population was 16,595. The county seat is Socorro . The county

2650-411: Was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.20. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 12.6% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males. The median income for a household in

2703-419: Was accused of or linked to various crimes, including rape and murder, but there were never any solid links to him being involved in these or any crimes at all. For all practical purposes, he vanished. During an 1890 shootout between Apache renegades and Mexican soldiers, a warrior was killed and found to be in possession of Reynolds' watch and pistol. However, the warrior was said to have been much too old to be

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2756-551: Was alive until the 1930s. The Apache Kid Wilderness in New Mexico is named after him. The Apache Kid character in Marvel Comics was also named after him, but otherwise has no connection. Haskay-bay-nay-ntayl was captured by Yuma Indians as a boy, and after being freed by the U.S. Army, he became a street orphan in army camps. As a teenager, in the mid-1870s, the Kid met and was essentially adopted by Al Sieber ,

2809-532: Was formed in 1852 as one of the original nine counties of New Mexico Territory . Socorro was originally the name given to a Native American village ( see : Puebloan peoples ) by Don Juan de Oñate in 1598. Having received vitally needed food and assistance from the native population, Oñate named the pueblo Socorro ("succor" in English). Socorro County is home to multiple scientific research institutions including New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology ,

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