21-726: Sone River , also spelt Son River , is a perennial river located in central India. It originates near Amarkantak Hill in Pendra (Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district), Chhattisgarh and finally merges with the Ganges river near Maner in Patna , Bihar . The Sone River is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganges after the Yamuna River . India's oldest river bridge Koilwar Bridge over Sone River connects Arrah with Patna . Sone river
42-631: A hundred yards wide, and the hot west winds pile up the sand on the east bank, making natural embankments. After heavy rain in the hills even this wide bed cannot carry the waters of the Son and disastrous floods in Shahabad, Gaya, and Patna are not uncommon." The first dam on the Son was built in 1873–74 at Dehri. The Indrapuri Barrage was constructed, 8 kilometres (5 mi) upstream, and commissioned in 1968. The Bansagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh
63-483: A steep gradient (35–55 cm per km) with quick run-off and ephemeral regimes, becoming a roaring river with the rain-waters in the catchment area but turning quickly into a fordable stream. The Son, being wide and shallow, leaves disconnected pools of water in the remaining parts of the year. The channel of the Son is very wide (about 5 km at Dehri ) but the floodplain is narrow, only 3 to 5 kilometres (2 to 3 mi) wide. The meeting point with North Koel
84-484: Is Bilaspur Airport (120 km). Per the 2011 India census, Amarkantak has a population of 8,416 of which 4,514 are males and 3,902 are females. The female sex ratio is 864 against a state average of 931. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Amarkantak is around 931 compared to Madhya Pradesh's state average of 918. Literacy rate of Amarkantak city is 80.20%, higher than the state average of 69.32%. Male literacy
105-791: Is a pilgrim town and a Nagar Panchayat in Anuppur , Madhya Pradesh , India. The Amarkantak region is a unique natural heritage area. It is the meeting point of the Vindhya and the Satpura Ranges , with the Maikal Hills being the fulcrum. This is where the Narmada River , the Son River and Johilla River (tributary of Son) originate. 15th-century Indian mystic and poet Kabir is said to have meditated in Amarkantak, and
126-514: Is around 88.06% and the female literacy rate is 71.02%. 95.51% of the population follow Hinduism . Amarkantak is known as the king of pilgrimages, or Tirthraj, because the town has many temples and holy places. It is narrated in the Hindu scriptures like the Puranas that Amarkantak is the place where celestial beings, sages, and others obtained spiritual powers. There are many ancient temples of
147-700: Is famous for its sand across country. Multiple dams and hydro-electric projects run on its course towards the Ganges. Sone River is called 'सोन / सोने' in Hindi, but called 'शोण' in Sanskrit, a rare instance of an Indian river having masculine name. Damodara and Brahmaputra also have masculine name. This river is mentioned as SoNai in Sangam Tamil literature Kuṟuntokai as early as 2nd century CE. The Sone originates near Pendra in Chhattisgarh , just east of
168-605: Is located at Latitude 24-11-30 N and Longitude 81-17-15 E. The project was initially called the "Dimba Project" in 1956 by the Central Water Commission , New Delhi to be constructed on the Sone River at the confluence of the Sone and Banas Rivers near Shikarganj town 30 km down river from the present site. Later it was shifted to the present site at Deolond . There was an agreement in 1973 between
189-660: Is located at a distance of no more than 40 km from the town of Amarkantak in the state of Chhattisgarh on the road to Bilaspur . The forest belt in Amarkantak is a part of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve . The forests of Amarkantak are linked with the forests of Kanha National Park . Amarkantak falls on the Kanha-Achanakmar Corridor, a hilly region with dense forests. Kanha and Achanakmar are both conserved wildlife parks in India famous for Bengal tigers . Pinus caribaea , known as tropical pine ,
210-581: The Bhojpuri - and Magahi -speaking regions. Sir John Houlton, the British administrator, described the Son as follows, "After passing the steep escarpments of the Kaimur range , it flows straight across the plain to the Ganges. For much of this distance it is over two miles wide, and at one point, opposite Tilothu three miles wide. In the dry weather there is a vast expanse of sand, with a stream not more than
231-605: The Kalachuri period in Amarkantak Which were built by different Kalachuri Kings, indicating it was a prominent site for the Kalchuris. Some of those temples were: There are more than 600 species of flora found in Amarkantak. It also has many medicinal flora and some of which include Boswellia serrata , Terminalia chebula , Hedychium coronarium , and Curcuma caesia . The Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary ,
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#1732765634023252-753: The Ganges Basin in Madhya Pradesh , India with both irrigation and 435 MW of hydroelectric power generation. The Bansagar Dam across the Sone River was constructed near the Deolond village in the Shahdol district . It is surrounded by Maihar, Katni, and Rewa districts. The project was called "Bansagar" after Bana Bhatt , the renowned Sanskrit scholar of the 7th century, who is believed to have hailed from this region in India. Bansagar Dam
273-715: The Son is an extension of the Narmada Valley , and the Kaimur Range an extension of the Vindhya Range . Arwal , Daudnagar , Deori , Rohtasgarh , Dehri , Sonbhadra and Maner are some of the major cities situated on Sone River. The Sone river which is 784 kilometres (487 mi) long, is one of the longest Indian rivers. Its chief tributaries are the Rihand , Kanhar and the North Koel . The Son has
294-491: The State Governments of Madhya Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh and Bihar for the construction of the dam, in which the states shared the expenditure in the ratio of 2:1:1. The 4 million-acre-feet of water is also shared by the states in the same ratio. The construction work was started in 1978 at original approved cost of Rs. 91.31 crores. The final estimated cost in 1998 was Rs. 1054.96 crores. The foundation stone of
315-452: The headwater of the Narmada River , and flows north-northwest through Shahdol district in Madhya Pradesh state before turning sharply eastward where it encounters the southwest-northeast- Kaimur Range . The Sone parallels the Kaimur hills, flowing east-northeast through Uttar Pradesh , Jharkhand and Bihar states to join the Ganges just west of Patna . Geologically, the lower valley of
336-644: The place is now known as Kabir Chabutra. Amarakantaka is a combination of two Sanskrit words, amara (immortal) and kantaka (obstruction or thorn). The poet Kalidas has mentioned it as Amarakuta , which later became Amarakantaka . Amarkantak is located in Madhya Pradesh in India at 22°40′N 81°45′E / 22.67°N 81.75°E / 22.67; 81.75 . It has an average elevation of 1,048 m (3,438 ft). Roads running through Rewa , Shahdol , Anuppur, Jabalpur , Katni , Bilaspur and Gaurella connect it. The nearest railway stations are Pendra Road and Anuppur . The nearest airport
357-473: The width of Sone River is 5 to 8 kilometres (3 to 5 mi). In the past, the Son has been notorious for changing course. As it is traceable from several old beds near its east bank, the river changed its course more than 5 times. In modern times this tendency has been checked with the anicut at Dehri, and now more so with the Indrapuri Barrage . In Bihar, this river forms the border line between
378-460: Was abolished. The Indira Gandhi National Tribal University was established in Amarkantak by an Act of Parliament in 2007. It was created to promote and provide higher education and research in various aspects of tribal communities. The Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya was established in 1987 to provide education for the rural young. Bansagar Dam Bansagar or Ban Sagar Dam is a multipurpose river Valley Project on Sone River situated in
399-661: Was commissioned in 2008. The 1.44 Km long rail-cum-road lattice-girder concrete and steel Abdul Bari Bridge or Koilwar Bridge near Arrah in Bihar was completed in November 1862. It remained the longest bridge in India, until the Nehru Setu bridge at Dehri was opened in 1900. After Nehru Setu bridge at Dehri, Railway Bridges are present on Sone River near Chopan , Vijay Sota & Anuppur . The modern Son bridge built in Deolond , Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh
420-568: Was inaugurated by Motilal Vora and Pandit Ram Kishore Shukla then Chief Minister and Finance Minister of Madhya Pradesh on 13 February 1986. The Government of Bihar sanctioned in 2008 a bridge across the Son River connecting Arwal and Sahar in Bhojpur district . New Koilwar Bridge : A 6-lane road bridge, carrying NH-922 , parallel to the existing rail and road Koilwar Bridge. Amarkantak Amarkantak ( NLK Amarakaṇṭaka )
441-437: Was planted in Amarkantak in 1968 on the advice of Forest Research Institute , Dehradun on the recommendations of National Commission on Agriculture looking to the future demand of quality pulpwood. This work was undertaken under a World Bank Technical Assistance Project by clearing natural sal forests. The naturalists and environmentalists in India raised controversy over it; ultimately the project of tropical pine plantation
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