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69-637: Unst ( / ˈ ʌ n s t / ; Norn : Ønst ) is one of the North Isles of the Shetland Islands , Scotland . It is the northernmost of the inhabited British Isles and is the third-largest island in Shetland after Mainland and Yell . It has an area of 46 sq mi (120 km). Unst is largely grassland , with coastal cliffs. Its main village is Baltasound , formerly the second-largest herring fishing port after Lerwick and now

138-791: A sociological perspective that analyzes micro-sociological accounts of everyday social interactions through the analogy of performativity and theatrical dramaturgy , dividing such interactions between " actors ", "audience" members, and various "front" and "back" stages. The term was first adapted into sociology from the theatre by Erving Goffman , who developed most of the related terminology and ideas in his 1956 book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life . Kenneth Burke , whom Goffman would later acknowledge as an influence, had earlier presented his notions of dramatism in 1945, which in turn derives from Shakespeare . The fundamental difference between Burke's and Goffman's view, however,

207-734: A total institution , for which the theory was designed. In addition to this, it also has been said that dramaturgy does not contribute to sociology's goal of understanding the legitimacy of society . It is claimed to be drafting on positivism , which does not offer an interest in both reason and rationality. John Welsh called it a "commodity." Research on dramaturgy is best done through fieldwork such as participant observation . For one, dramaturgy has been used to depict how social movements communicate power. Robert D. Benford and Scott A. Hunt argued that " social movements can be described as dramas in which protagonists and antagonists compete to affect audiences' interpretations of power relations in

276-492: A 26-bedroom bunkhouse, restaurant and bar, leisure facilities and a guided walks/evening talks programme. Three local businesses relocated their premises to the Saxa Vord site: Unst Cycle Hire, Valhalla Brewery and Foord's Chocolates, Shetland's only chocolatier. A few years later the radar station resumed operations as Remote Radar Head Saxa Vord . is a gin and whisky distillery on Unst. In 2017, Frank Strang established

345-406: A certain image that they want their followers to see. Often times this curated image is a facade. This is an “authoritative performance” of ones lifestyle. A dynamic is created between the user and their followers where the user is in control of how and what represents them, while the followers are spectators to this presentation of the user's self but they themselves are also presenting themselves in

414-433: A certain way; however, when a person goes against the norm, society tends to notice. Therefore, individuals are expected to put on a costume and act differently when in front of the 'audience'. Goffman noticed this habit of society and developed the idea of front stage . In his book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , Goffman defines front as "that part of the individual's performance which regularly functions in

483-473: A claim shared by Fidra in East Lothian . In the 1950s, a Canadian sociologist, Erving Goffman , undertook a year of ethnographic research on Unst for his doctoral thesis, which underpinned his best known publication, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1956) and the dramaturgy approach he developed. The island lays claim to many "most northerly" UK titles: the tiny settlement of Skaw in

552-435: A completely different way when with her/his fellow employees. Dramaturgy has also been applied to the emerging interdisciplinary domain of scholarly research known as technoself studies, which deals with human identity in a technological society. In terms of social media profiles, users and their followers share a social space online. Social media users create profiles and post things that are specifically curated to portray

621-490: A dinner for a friend, a birthday party for a relative, or a gala for a fundraiser. If they need to adjust their clothing or wish to say something unflattering about one of their guests, they are careful to do so out of sight of others (backstage). One's presentation of oneself to others is known as dramaturgy . Dramaturgical perspective is one of several sociological paradigms separated from other sociological theories or theoretical frameworks because, rather than examining

690-522: A few monoglot "Norse" speakers who were capable of speaking "no other thing," and notes that there were more speakers of the language in Shetland than in Orkney. It was said in 1703 that the people of Shetland generally spoke a Lowland Scots dialect brought to Shetland from the end of the fifteenth century by settlers from Fife and Lothian, but that "many among them retain the ancient Danish Language"; while in 1750 Orkney-born James Mackenzie wrote that Norn

759-403: A general and fixed fashion we define the situation for those who observe the performance. Front, then, is the expressive equipment of a standard kind intentionally or unwittingly employed by the individual during his performance." During the front stage, the actor formally performs and adheres to conventions that have meaning to the audience. It is a part of the dramaturgical performance that

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828-467: A paradoxical fashion the central issue. Thus the study of liminality in sociology, ritual and theatre reveals the fictional elements underpinning society. Rites of passage seem to reflect this as the enactments of exclusion, and dissociation seem to be an essential feature of such. The enactment of exclusion from a society seem to be essential for the formation of an imaginary central governing ( cf. Michel Foucault ). Many performances need to prevent

897-407: A person's identity is not a stable and independent psychological entity, but rather, it is constantly remade as the person interacts with others. In a dramaturgical model, social interaction is analyzed in terms of how people live their lives, like actors performing on a stage. This analysis offers a look at the concepts of status , which is like a part in a play; and role , which serves as

966-709: A property belonging to Else, sister of Anna Throndsen , who had married a Shetland man Andrew Mowat of Heogoland in Eshaness . It is not known exactly when Norn became extinct. Sources from the 17th and 18th centuries speak of Norn (sometimes identified as "Norse", "Norwegian" or "Danish") as being in a state of decline and generally indicate that the language remained stronger in Shetland than in Orkney. A source from 1670 states that there are "only three or four parishes" in Orkney where people speak "Noords or rude Danish" and that they do so "chiefly when they are at their own houses". Another from 1701 indicates that there were still

1035-619: A role, or impression, that he or she wants to make on the other. These roles are subject to what is, in theater, termed breaking character . Inopportune intrusions may occur in which a backstage performance is interrupted by someone who is not meant to see it. In addition, there are examples of how the audience for any personal performance plays a part in determining the course it takes: how typically people ignore many performance flaws out of tact, such as if someone trips or spits as they speak. Within dramaturgy analysis, teams are groups of individuals who cooperate with each other in order to share

1104-547: A script, supplying dialogue and action for the characters. Just as on the stage, people in their everyday lives manage settings, clothing, words, and nonverbal actions to give a particular impression to others. Goffman described each individual's "performance" as the presentation of self ; a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others. This process is also sometimes called impression management . Goffman makes an important distinction between front stage behaviour, which are actions that are visible to

1173-653: A sea battle for three hours before sailing to Norway. A later sheriff, Laurence Bruce , built Muness Castle in 1598. The Rev Dr James Ingram (1776–1879) was minister of Unst from 1821. In the Disruption of 1843 , he and most of the Unst population, left the established church and joined the Free Church of Scotland (a very typical pattern in the Highlands and Islands). He erected a new church at Uyeasound , funded by

1242-562: A section of oceanic crust from the Iapetus ocean which was destroyed during the Caledonian orogeny . Unst was once the location of several chromite quarries, one of which was served by the now-disused Hagdale Chromate Railway from 1907 to 1937. Unst is the type locality for the mineral theophrastite , a nickel-magnesium variant of the mineral, (Ni,Mg)(OH) 2 , having been discovered at Hagdale in 1960. On 7 January 2007, Unst

1311-605: A spoken language in Caithness but had probably become extinct there by the 15th century, replaced by Scots. Hence, some scholars also speak about "Caithness Norn", but others avoid this. Even less is known about "Caithness Norn" than about Orkney and Shetland Norn. Almost no written Norn has survived, but what little remains includes a version of the Lord's Prayer and a ballad , " Hildina ". Michael P Barnes, professor of Scandinavian Studies at University College London , has published

1380-661: A study, The Norn Language of Orkney and Shetland . Norn is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages . Together with Faroese , Icelandic and Norwegian , it belongs to the West Scandinavian group, separating it from the East Scandinavian and Gutnish groups consisting of Swedish , Danish and Gutnish . While this classification is based on

1449-426: A variety of domains." The people seeking power present their front stage self in order to captivate attention. However, the back stage self is still present, though undetectable. This is a competition of power, a prime example of dramaturgy. A useful, and everyday way of understanding dramaturgy (specifically front stage and back stage) is to think of a waiter or waitress at a restaurant. The main avenue of concern for

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1518-402: Is a relative term, in that it exists only in regards to a specific audience: where two or more people are present, there will almost never be a true 'back region'. Outside , or off-stage, is the place where individuals who are outsiders are not involved in the performance (although they may not be aware of it). The off-stage is where individual actors meet the audience members independently of

1587-522: Is also known for its plant life, including the Norwegian sandwort and Shetland Mouse-ear , the latter unique to the island. On the island, the commonly seen Great skua is known as the "bonxie". Norn language Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in the Northern Isles ( Orkney and Shetland ) off the north coast of mainland Scotland and in Caithness in

1656-442: Is consistent and contains generalized ways to explain the situation or role the actor is playing to the audience that observes it. The actor knows that they are being watched and acts accordingly. Goffman explains that the front stage involves a differentiation between setting and personal front , two concepts that are necessary for the actor to have a successful performance. Setting is the scene that must be present in order for

1725-523: Is difficult to be certain of many of the aspects of Norn grammar, documents indicate that it may have featured subjectless clauses, which were common in the West Scandinavian languages. The following are Norn, Old Norse and contemporary Scandinavian versions of the Lord's Prayer : A Shetland "guddick" ( riddle ) in Norn, which Jakob Jakobsen heard told on Unst , the northernmost island in Shetland , in

1794-432: Is generally considered to have been fairly similar to Faroese, sharing many phonological and grammatical traits, and might even have been mutually intelligible with it. Thus, it can be considered an Insular Scandinavian language. Few written texts remain. It is distinct from the present-day Shetland dialect , which evolved from Middle English . The phonology of Norn can never be determined with much precision because of

1863-642: Is near the eastermost point of Unst, several kilometers removed from Saxa Vord hill. In January 2021, plans were submitted for three rocket launch pads and the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) announced on 17 December 2023 that SaxaVord had been granted a spaceport licence "to host up to 30 launches a year", making it "the first fully licensed vertical spaceport in Western Europe." Unst is important for its seabird colonies, including those at Hermaness National Nature Reserve . It

1932-444: Is not, hence the performers can step out of character without fear of disrupting the performance. It is where various kinds of informal actions, or facts suppressed in the front stage, may appear. Simply put, the back stage is completely separate from the front stage, and it is where the performance of a routine is prepared. No members of the audience may appear in the back, and the actor takes many methods to ensure this. Back region

2001-422: Is only used for emergency flights. Saxa Vord is the highest hill on Unst at 935 ft (285 m). It holds the unofficial British record for wind speed , which in 1992 was recorded at 197 mph (317 km/h) — just before the measuring equipment blew away. The weather station which recorded the windspeed was part of Royal Air Force radar station RAF Saxa Vord , which temporarily closed in 2006, with

2070-485: Is that Burke believed that life was in fact theatre, whereas Goffman viewed theatre as a metaphor. If people imagine themselves as directors observing what goes on in the theatre of everyday life, they are doing what Goffman called dramaturgical analysis, the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance. In dramaturgical sociology, it is argued that the elements of human interactions are dependent upon time, place, and audience. In other words, to Goffman,

2139-583: Is the plural of fetill and means 'shoulder-straps', Ǫmstr is 'corn-stack' and í Ála is from ál meaning 'deep furrow'. However, these descriptions are hardly obvious ones as island names and are probably adaptations of a pre-Norse language. This may have been Pictish but there is no clear evidence for this. Taylor (1898) has suggested a derivation from the Old Norse Ornyst meaning 'eagle's nest'. The Shetland Amenity Trust's "Viking Unst" project excavated and displayed part of

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2208-406: Is where "the performer can relax; he can drop his front, forgo speaking in his lines, and step out of character." When the individual returns to the back stage, they feel a sense of relief knowing the actions that would not be condoned in the front stage are free to be expressed. In the backstage, actions are not to please anyone but the self. Back stage is where performers are present but audience

2277-481: Is with these pledges that the replacement of Norn with Scots is most associated. However, the decline of Norse speech in Orkney probably began in 1379 when the Earldom of Orkney , covering all of the Northern Isles , passed into the hands of Henry Sinclair , of Clan Sinclair . Scots had superseded Norse as the language of prestige on Orkney by the early 15th century. In Shetland, the transition began later, but by

2346-537: The Shetland and North Ronaldsay breeds. Icelandic uses similar words for many of the same colour variations in Icelandic sheep . There are some enthusiasts who are engaged in developing and disseminating a modern form called Nynorn ("New Norn"), based upon linguistic analysis of the known records and Norse linguistics in general. In 2022 at the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall , as part of

2415-562: The Shetland Space Centre Ltd and proposed that Lamba Ness would make a suitable launch site for rockets taking satellites into polar orbits. In October 2020, the proposal was given more substance by the announcement that the UK Space Agency had given its approval and that Lockheed Martin was intending to use the site as a UK base for its rocket launches. Despite its name, the location of "SaxaVord Spaceport"

2484-413: The self is a sense of who one is, a dramatic effect emerging from the immediate scene being presented. Goffman forms a theatrical metaphor in defining the method in which one human being presents itself to another based on cultural values , norms , and beliefs. Performances can have disruptions (actors are aware of such), but most are successful. The goal of this presentation of self is acceptance from

2553-621: The 'party line.' Team members must share information as mistakes reflect on everyone. Team members also have inside knowledge and are not fooled by one another's performances. Signifying Act: Sign : Symbolic Meaning ⁄ Vocal Gesture Meaning ⁄ Object There are seven important elements Goffman identifies with respect to the performance: Stages or regions refer to the three distinct areas where different individuals with different roles and information can be found. There are three stages: front, back, and outside. Within society, individuals are expected to present themselves in

2622-605: The 1890s. The same riddle is also known from the Faroe Islands , Norway, and Iceland, and a variation also occurs in England. The answer is a cow: four teats hang, four legs walk, two horns and two ears stand skyward, two eyes show the way to the field and one tail comes shaking (dangling) behind. Most of the use of Norn/Norse in modern-day Shetland and Orkney is purely ceremonial, and mostly in Old Norse, for example

2691-490: The Countess of Effingham. Ingram retired in 1875 aged 99 and died aged a remarkable 103. His father and grandfather also lived to over 100. Robert Louis Stevenson 's father and uncle were the main design engineers for the lighthouse on Muckle Flugga , just off Hermaness on the north-west of the island. Stevenson visited Unst, and the island is claimed to have become the basis for the map of the fictional Treasure Island –

2760-399: The Shetland 550 concert celebrating the 550th anniversary of Shetland becoming Scottish, singer Inge Thompson sang a rendition of a song in Norn. The online translator Glosbe has Norn as a language, though due to the lack of words it acts more like a dictionary. In 2023 the singer Siobhan Wilson released a song featuring the Norn language. Dramaturgy (sociology) Dramaturgy is

2829-509: The Shetland motto, Með lögum skal land byggja 'with law shall land be built', which is the same motto used by the Icelandic police force and inspired by the medieval Norwegian Frostathing Law . Another example of the use of Norse/Norn in the Northern Isles can be found in the names of ferries: Norn words are still used to describe many of the colour and pattern variations in the native sheep of Shetland and Orkney, which survive as

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2898-401: The actor to perform; if it is gone, the actor cannot perform. Personal front consists of items or equipment needed in order to perform. These items are usually identifiable by the audience as a constant representation of the performance and actor. The personal front is divided into two different aspects: In The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , Goffman explains that the back stage

2967-438: The audience and are part of the performance; and back stage behavior, which are actions that people engage in when no audience is present. For example, a server in a restaurant is likely to perform one way in front of customers but might be much more casual in the kitchen. It is likely that he or she does things in the kitchen that might seem unseemly in front of customers. Before interaction with another, an individual prepares

3036-878: The audience from getting some information (secrets). For that, several specialized roles are created. There are different types of secrets that have to be concealed for various reasons: There are three basic roles in Goffman's scheme, each centered on who has access to what information: performers are most knowledgeable; audiences know only what the performers disclosed and what they have observed themselves; and outsiders have little if any relevant information. These roles can be divided into three groups: Performers may communicate out of character on purpose, in order to signal to others on their team, or by accident. Common backstage out-of-character communications include: Common frontstage communications out of character include: Impression management refers to work on maintaining

3105-424: The audience through carefully conducted performance. If the actor succeeds, the audience will view the actor as he or she wants to be viewed. A dramaturgical action is a social action that is designed to be seen by others and to improve one's public self-image . In addition to Goffman, this concept has been used by Jürgen Habermas and Harold Garfinkel , among others. The theatrical metaphor can be seen in

3174-525: The building as a venue for hire. The island's population was 632 as recorded by the 2011 census , a drop of over 12% since 2001 when there were 720 usual residents. During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702. In 2016, the island was the subject of Series 11 of BBC Two 's An Island Parish . The island has an airstrip, the Unst Airport , which has been decommissioned as an airport, has no regular flights and

3243-413: The cause of human behavior , it analyzes the context. This is, however, debatable within sociology. In Frame Analysis (1974), Goffman writes, "What is important is the sense he [a person or actor] provides them [the others or audience] through his dealing with them of what sort of person he is behind the role he is in." The dramaturgical perspective can be seen as an anchor to this perspective, wherein

3312-538: The desired impression, and is composed of defensive and protective techniques. Protective techniques are used in order to cover mistakes, only once the interaction begins. For example, relying on audience to use tact and overlook mistakes of the performers. In contrast, defensive techniques are employed before an interaction begins, and involves: Believing that theories should not be applied where they have not been tested, it has been argued that dramaturgy should only be applied in instances that involve people associated with

3381-562: The differences between the North Germanic languages at the time they split, their present-day characteristics justify another classification, dividing them into Insular Scandinavian and Mainland Scandinavian language groups based on mutual intelligibility. Under this system, Norwegian is grouped together with Danish and Swedish because the last millennium has seen all three undergo important changes, especially in grammar and lexis, which have set them apart from Faroese and Icelandic. Norn

3450-466: The early 9th century. These settlers are believed to have arrived in very substantial numbers, and like those who migrated to Iceland and the Faroe Islands , it is probable that most came from the west coast of Norway . Shetland toponymy bears some resemblance to that of northwest Norway, while Norn vocabulary implies links with more southerly Norwegian regions. Orkney and Shetland were pledged to James III in 1468 and 1469 respectively, and it

3519-415: The end of the 15th century both island groups were bilingual . Despite this, the process by which Scots overtook Norn as the primary spoken language on the islands was not a swift one, and most natives of Orkney and Shetland probably spoke Norn as a first language until the late 16th and early-to-mid 17th centuries respectively. One of the last documents written in Norn was for a 1597 mortgage issued over

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3588-468: The far north of the Scottish mainland. After Orkney and Shetland were pledged to Scotland by Norway in 1468–69, it was gradually replaced by Scots . Norn is thought to have become extinct around 1850, after the death of Walter Sutherland , the language's last known speaker, though there are claims the language persisted as late as the 20th century. Norse settlement in the islands probably began in

3657-422: The imaginable field: semiotics of ritual . The management of thresholds may be operated on several axes; the most crude is exclusion-inclusion , similar to the basic digital on-off (1 – 0). To be a part or not may be seen as the fundamental asset in a society, but as far society is perceived as a rhizomatic conglomerate, rather such than a unitary or arborescent whole. Border-control, so to speak, becomes in

3726-461: The individual's identity is performed through role(s) and consensus between the actor and the audience. Because of this dependence on consensus to define social situations, the perspective argues that there is no concrete meaning to any interaction that could not be redefined. Dramaturgy emphasizes expressiveness as the main component of interactions; it is thus termed as the "fully two-sided view of human interaction." Dramaturgical theory suggests that

3795-435: The island's Norse heritage. Work was undertaken on three longhouses – of which 60 are known of on the island – at Hamar, Underhoull and Belmont. The replica Viking ship Skibladner can currently be seen ashore at Haroldswick. The remains of pre-12th-century Christian chapels survive on Unst: St Olaf's Chapel, Lund, and Our Lady's Kirk at Framgord, Sandwick on the south east coast. Norse-style cross-shaped gravestones stand in

3864-463: The lack of source material, but the general aspects can be extrapolated from the few written sources that exist. Norn shared many traits with the dialects of southwest Norway . That includes a voicing of /p, t, k/ to [b, d, ɡ] after vowels and (in the Shetland dialect but only partially in the Orkney dialect) a conversion of /θ/ and /ð/ (" th ing" and " th at" respectively) to [t] and [d] respectively. Norn grammar had features very similar to

3933-495: The language in Shetland, where there were people " who could repeat sentences in Norn", probably passages from folk songs or poems, as late as 1894. Walter Sutherland from Skaw in Unst, who died about 1850, has been cited as the last native speaker of the Norn language. However, fragments of vocabulary survived the death of the main language and remain to this day, mainly in place-names and terms referring to plants, animals, weather, mood, and fishing vocabulary. Norn had also been

4002-487: The location of a leisure centre and the island's airport . Other settlements include Uyeasound , home to Greenwell's Booth (a Hanseatic warehouse) and Muness Castle (built in 1598 and sacked by pirates in 1627); and Haroldswick , location of a boat museum and a heritage centre . There are three island names in Shetland of unknown and possibly pre-Celtic origin: Unst, Fetlar and Yell . The earliest recorded forms of these three names do carry Norse meanings: Fetlar

4071-514: The loss of more than 100 jobs. In April 2007, RAF Saxa Vord's domestic site, plus the road up to the Mid Site, was purchased and renamed "Saxa Vord Resort" by Highland entrepreneur Frank Strang. Strang's company Military Asset Management (MAM) "specialises in the regeneration of redundant or surplus Defence Assets". The base was converted to a tourist resort and natural and cultural heritage centre. In 2013, Saxa Vord had self-catering holiday houses,

4140-639: The north-east of the island is the northernmost settlement in the UK ; Haroldswick is the site of Britain's most northerly church; the Muckle Flugga lighthouse , just off the far north of Unst, was opened in 1858 and is the most northerly lighthouse in the UK, situated close to Out Stack , the most northerly rock in the UK. Western Norway is 200 miles (300 km) away. The islands of Unst and Fetlar are mainly formed of ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks which are interpreted to form part of an ophiolite ,

4209-465: The origins of the word person , which comes from the Latin persona , meaning 'a mask worn by actors'. One behaves differently (plays different roles) in front of different people (audiences). A person picks out clothing (a costume) that is consistent with the image they wish to project. They enlist the help of friends, caterers, and decorators (fellow actors and stage crew) to help them successfully “stage”

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4278-478: The other Scandinavian languages. There were two numbers , three genders and four cases ( nominative , accusative , genitive and dative ). The two main conjugations of verbs in present and past tense were also present. Like all other North Germanic languages (except West and South Jutlandic ), it used a suffix instead of a prepositioned article to indicate definiteness as in modern Scandinavian: man(n) ("man"); mannen ("the man"). Though it

4347-476: The skills and knowledge gained during the PURE Project and has installed hydrogen systems in diverse locations. At the southern end of Unst, above the island's ferry terminal, stands Belmont House . Dating from 1775, Belmont has been described as "possibly the most ambitious, least-altered classical mansion in the Northern Isles ". It was restored between 1996 and 2010 by a charitable trust, who now operate

4416-592: The surrounding burial grounds at both Lund and Framgord, and rare "keelstone" burial markers survive at Framgord. Late Norse longhouses have been identified around both bays; the house at Sandwick still retains its cow-shaped byre door. James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell sailed to Shetland after the Battle of Carberry Hill . He was at the house of Olave Sinclair , the receiver or sheriff of Shetland on Unst, in July 1567 when his enemies arrived in three ships, and he fought

4485-453: The team performance on the front stage. Specific performances may be given when the audience is segmented as such. Borders, or boundaries, are important as they prevent or restrict movement of individuals between various regions. Performers need to be able to maneuver boundaries to manage who has the access to the performance, when and how. The border phenomenon is highlighted by Victor Turner 's concept of liminality , and thus prolonged in

4554-566: The village of Baltasound which is equipped with home comforts such as a television set, and is maintained by local residents. Unst is also home to the Promoting Unst Renewable Energy (PURE) Wind Hydrogen project, a community-owned clean energy system based on hydrogen production . This project is part of the Unst Partnership, the community's development trust . The Pure Energy Centre was formed using

4623-405: The waiter is "customer service." Even if a customer is rude, one is expected to be polite ("the customer is always right") as part of their job responsibilities. They speak differently when going out to the break room: they may complain, mimic and discuss with their fellow peers how irritating and rude the customer is. In this example, the waiter acts a certain way when dealing with customers and acts

4692-417: Was not yet entirely extinct, being "retained by old people," who still spoke it among each other. The last reports of Norn speakers are claimed to be from the 19th century, with some claims of a very limited use up until the early 20th century, but it is more likely that the language was dying out in the late 18th century. The isolated islands of Foula and Unst are variously claimed as the last refuges of

4761-557: Was shaken by an earthquake measuring 4.9 on the Richter scale , which at the time was assessed by the British Geological Survey as "the largest earthquake of its kind in the area for 10 years". Ferries link Belmont on the island to Gutcher on Yell and Oddsta on Fetlar . The Unst Bus Shelter , also known as Bobby's Bus Shelter after a child who saved it from removal, is a bus shelter and bus stop near

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