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18-479: At 4,794 metres (15,728 ft) above sea level, it is the third-highest mountain in Iran. A permanent crater lake has formed at its summit. On one of its slopes around 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) there are large rock formations of eroded volcanic outcrops that resemble animals, birds, and insects. Located in the extreme northwest of Iran, Savalan is the country's third-highest peak after Damavand and Alam-Kuh . It

36-583: A permanent crater lake about 100 m (330 ft) in diameter at an elevation of 6,390 m (20,965 ft) on its eastern side. This is most likely the highest lake of any kind in the world. Due to their unstable environments, some crater lakes exist only intermittently. Caldera lakes in contrast can be quite large and long-lasting. For instance, Lake Toba ( Indonesia ) formed after its eruption around 75,000 years ago. At around 100 kilometres (62 mi) by 30 kilometres (19 mi) in extent and 505 metres (1,657 ft) deep at its deepest point, Lake Toba

54-705: A ski resort (Alvares) and different tourist areas such as the Sarein spa. The mountain is known for its beautiful vistas, including the Shirvan gorge, where few climbers venture. Sabalan is a large andesite stratovolcano in Meshgin Shahr, in Ardabil Province in Iran. It is the second-highest volcano after Mount Damavand . The volcano is quite old. Its first eruptions occurred in the Eocene and later in

72-499: Is a city in the Central District of Sareyn County , Ardabil province, Iran , serving as capital of both the county and the district. At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 4,478 in 1,135 households, when it was capital of the former Sareyn District of Ardabil County . The following census in 2011 counted 4,440 people in 1,241 households, by which time the district had been separated from

90-471: Is also slightly higher than Mont Blanc in the Alps . The mountain offers many attractions throughout the year. On the slopes of the mountain, the mineral water from springs attracts large numbers of tourists each year, many of whom have faith in healing properties attributed to the springs. The nomadic people of the area live in small villages, with their round "Yurt" tents appealing to tourists. Savalan has

108-402: Is at the northeast end of the ridge and is separated from the 4,620 metres (15,160 ft)+ group of southwestern summits by a 4,190 m (13,750 ft) col . The mountain is located in a continental climate with hot, dry summers and extremely cold, snowy winters. Precipitation falls primarily as snow in late autumn, winter, and spring, and is sufficient to sustain seven glaciers near

126-416: Is reached between the rates of incoming and outgoing water. Sources of water loss singly or together may include evaporation , subsurface seepage, and, in places, surface leakage or overflow when the lake level reaches the lowest point on its rim. At such a saddle location, the upper portion of the lake is contained only by its adjacent natural volcanic dam ; continued leakage through or surface outflow across

144-550: Is the largest crater lake in the world. While many crater lakes are picturesque, they can also be deadly. Gas discharges from Lake Nyos in Cameroon suffocated 1,800 people in 1986, and crater lakes such as Mount Ruapehu 's (New Zealand) often contribute to destructive lahars . Certain bodies of water, although their formation is directly related to volcanic activity, are not usually referred to as crater lakes, including: Sareyn Sareyn ( Persian : سرعين )

162-667: The Miocene . But the main volcanism happened in the Pliocene and the Pleistocene as some of its rocks have been dated to 5–1.4  million years. Some references state that volcanic activity continued into the Holocene , less than 10,000  years ago. The summit region has several peaks exceeding 4,500 metres (14,800 ft), primarily along a southwest-northeast trending ridge. The highest point 4,791 metres (15,719 ft)

180-477: The base camp. If this is done, a regular car should be able to make it to the base camp during the climbing season. The road goes through multiple nomadic encampments of shepherds. One or two days of acclimatization in Tehran or Ardabil may be advisable. Mountaineering has been popular among the youth in Iran. On a Friday during the climbing season (late June to mid-August), one may find hundreds of people on

198-413: The collapse of a volcano during an eruption. Lakes in maars fill medium-sized craters where an eruption deposited debris around a vent. Crater lakes form as the created depression, within the crater rim , is filled by water. The water may come from precipitation , groundwater circulation (often hydrothermal fluids in the case of volcanic craters) or melted ice . Its level rises until an equilibrium

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216-433: The county in the establishment of Sareyn County. Sareyn was transferred to the new Central District as the county's capital. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 5,459 people in 1,582 households. Sareyn is known for its hot springs . The population increases to more than 20,000 in the summer because of the many tourists who go there due to the charming climate. It stands 25 km from Ardabil and total area

234-545: The dam can erode its included material, thus lowering lake level until a new equilibrium of water flow, erosion, and rock resistance is established. If the volcanic dam portion erodes rapidly or fails catastrophically, the occurrence produces a breakout or outburst flood. With changes in environmental conditions over time, the occurrence of such floods is common to all natural dam types. These lakes may become soda lakes , many of which are associated with active tectonic and volcanic zones. A well-known crater lake, which bears

252-489: The main concentration within Sareyn County . There are skiing slopes, with snow even in near-summer. A ski resort named "Alvares" is within an hour's drive from Sareyn on the south ridge of Sabalan. Volcanic crater lake A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a volcanic eruption . Lakes in calderas fill large craters formed by

270-478: The mountain. Guides can also be found in Ardabil. Adequate climbing equipment can be purchased in Ardabil or Tehran. The area around Sabalan, particularly near Meshkin , sarab city and ardabil city , produces large quantities of grain, including wheat. Due to the microclimate produced by the mountain, Ardabil remains pleasantly cool in the summers. There are numerous hot springs around the slopes of Sabalan, with

288-613: The same name as the geological feature, is Crater Lake in Oregon . It is located in the caldera of Mount Mazama . It is the deepest lake in the United States with a depth of 594 m (1,949 ft). Crater Lake is fed solely by falling rain and snow, with no inflow or outflow at the surface, and hence is one of the clearest lakes in the world. The highest volcano in the world, 6,893-m (22,615-ft) Ojos del Salado in Chile , has

306-477: The summit above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). The largest of these were more than 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) in length as of the 1970s. There are also extensive rock glaciers , several of which are more than 3 km (2 mi) in length. The climbing surface includes rocks of various size (Class 2 scrambling ), and a moderate degree of fitness is required to climb it. The climb from the base camp starts easy, becomes challenging midway, then eases in gradient near

324-462: The top. The lake on the top remains frozen except for about four weeks in late July to early August. Some climbers start by driving to hot springs of Meshgin Shahr, where they start their climb. This climb takes about two days, reaching the base camp on the first day. Others take a taxi to base camp early in the morning and climb the mountain in one day. In 2006, there was talk of improving the road to

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