124-535: Marat Mubinovich Safin (Russian: Мара́т Муби́нович Са́фин , IPA: [mɐˈrat ˈsafʲɪn] ; Tatar : Марат Мөбин улы Сафин , romanized: Marat Möbin ulı Safin ; born 27 January 1980) is a Russian former world No. 1 tennis player and former politician. Nicknamed 'Safinator', he achieved the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) top singles ranking on 20 November 2000. Safin began his professional tennis career in 1997, and held
248-568: A 3–2 tie-breaking win against France in the final round at the Palais Omnisports Paris Bercy. His Russian team included Yevgeny Kafelnikov , Mikhail Youzhny , Andrei Stoliarov , and captain Shamil Tarpischev . The team made Davis Cup history by being the second to win the event after losing the doubles tie-breaker, and becoming the first team to win a (live-televised) five-set finals match by coming back from
372-487: A Career Grand Slam. Four men (Emerson, Laver, Djokovic, and Nadal) and five women (Court, Evert, Navratilova, Graf, Williams) have achieved the feat more than once over the course of their careers. Only six players have completed a Career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles: one male (Roy Emerson) and five females (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova, and Serena Williams). A "Boxed Set" refers to winning one of every possible major title in
496-660: A Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925, it was not possible from 1940 to 1945 because of interruptions at Wimbledon, the Australian and French Championships due to World War II, the years from 1970 to 1985 when there was no Australian tournament in mixed doubles, 1986 when there was no Australian Open, and 2020 when Wimbledon was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The Grand Slam of tennis comprises these four major tournaments: Junior events Best of five sets: Best of three sets: The Australian Open
620-504: A career is known as a "Career Grand Slam". The term Grand Slam is also attributed to the Grand Slam tournaments , usually referred to as Majors , and they are the world's four most important annual professional tennis tournaments. They offer the most ranking points, prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of the field and, in recent years, the longest matches for men (best of five sets, best of three for
744-441: A grand slam on the courts, doubled and vulnerable." The term 'Grand Slam' originates from the card game contract bridge , where it is used for winning all possible tricks . In golf it was used for the first time to describe a total of four wins, specifically Bobby Jones ' achievement of winning the four major golf tournaments of the era, which he accomplished in 1930. "Grand Slam" or "Slam" has since also become used to refer to
868-723: A head in 1967. The first tournament open to professional tennis players played on Centre Court at Wimbledon, the Wimbledon Pro , was staged by the All England Lawn Tennis Club in August, offering a prize fund of US$ 45,000. The tournament was deemed very successful, with packed crowds and the play seen as being of higher quality than the amateur-only Wimbledon final held two weeks earlier. This success in combination with large signings of top players to two new professional tours— World Championship Tennis and
992-479: A major tournament in 1923. Today, the event has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2020 tournament being US$ 53,400,000, and a US television viewership of 700,000. From 2004-2023, the tournament was preceded by the US Open Series , composed of North American hardcourt professional tournaments that lead up to and culminate with
1116-528: A member of Vladimir Putin 's United Russia Party, representing Nizhny Novgorod . On May 25, 2017, he voluntarily resigned from the position. In a 2008 interview with USA Today , Safin identified himself as a Muslim , stating, "I'm Russian, but I'm 100% Muslim. All the Muslim people are passionate, stubborn. We have hot blood." However, ten years later in an interview for Alexander Golovin of Sports.Ru, he stated that although he believes something had created
1240-728: A non-calendar-year Grand Slam by holding the four major titles at the same time but not in the calendar year. Players who completed a Grand Slam within the same streak as a non-calendar-year Grand Slam are not included here. The career achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline is termed a "Career Grand Slam", or "Career Slam". In singles, eight men ( Fred Perry , Don Budge , Roy Emerson , Rod Laver , Andre Agassi , Roger Federer , Rafael Nadal , and Novak Djokovic ) and ten women ( Maureen Connolly , Doris Hart , Shirley Fry Irvin , Margaret Court , Billie Jean King , Chris Evert , Martina Navratilova , Steffi Graf , Serena Williams , and Maria Sharapova ) have completed
1364-564: A number of Russian loanwords which have palatalized consonants in Russian and are thus written the same in Tatar (often with the "soft sign" ь ). The Tatar standard pronunciation also requires palatalization in such loanwords; however, some Tatar may pronounce them non-palatalized. In native words there are six types of syllables ( C onsonant, V owel, S onorant ): Loanwords allow other types: CSV ( gra -mota), CSVC (käs- trül ), etc. Stress
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#17327718507411488-439: A shock as Djokovic was described as a "serious contender" to win the tournament. In the third round, he defeated Italian Andreas Seppi . In the fourth round, he defeated Stanislas Wawrinka . This was the first time he had reached the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam since the 2005 Australian Open. Safin went on to defeat Feliciano López in the quarterfinals to set up a semifinal clash with defending champion Roger Federer. His run to
1612-436: A similar yet slightly different scheme with a third, higher mid, height, and with nine vowels. According to Makhmutova (1969) Tatar has three vowel heights: high , mid and low , and four tongue positions: front, front-central, back-central and back (as they are named when cited). The mid back unrounded vowel '' ë is usually transcribed as ı , though it differs from the corresponding Turkish vowel. The tenth vowel ï
1736-539: A two-set deficit. Safin helped Russia to win the Davis Cup in 2006. After a straight-sets defeat by David Nalbandian in his first match, his doubles victory (partnering Dmitry Tursunov ) against Nalbandian and Agustín Calleri and singles victory against José Acasuso drove Russia to victory. In the 2009 Davis Cup quarterfinal tie , Russia was upset by the Israel Davis Cup team on indoor hard courts at
1860-787: A well-known Valencia CF fan. – local player Ferrero controversially favouring Real Madrid . He played Dutch teenager Robin Haase in the next round. He won the first set and was up 4–2 in the second set. However, Haase broke back to take it to a tiebreak. Safin had four match points, including one on his serve, but lost the tiebreak, and eventually the match. In the Monte Carlo Masters, Safin defeated Xavier Malisse , but then lost to No. 5 David Ferrer . At 2008 BMW Open in Munich, Germany, he beat Carlos Berlocq and Michael Berrer , but lost to Fernando González in his first quarterfinal of
1984-621: Is also used in Kazakhstan . The Republic of Tatarstan passed a law in 1999 that came into force in 2001 establishing an official Tatar Latin alphabet. A Russian federal law overrode it in 2002, making Cyrillic the sole official script in Tatarstan since. In 2004, an attempt to introduce a Latin-based alphabet for Tatar was further abandoned when the Constitutional Court ruled that the federal law of 15 November 2002 mandating
2108-559: Is estimated to have smashed 48 racquets in 1999. In 2011, Safin stated that during his career he broke 1055 racquets. Safin has used the Head Prestige Classic 600 since 1997 however throughout the years sported numerous paintjobs of the latest Head Prestige rackets (i.e. intelligence, Liquidmetal, Flexpoint and Microgel). His racquets used to be strung using Babolat VS Natural Team Gut 17L gauge, but he then switched to Luxilon Big Banger Original at 62 to 67 pounds. His apparel
2232-409: Is known as one of the most talented players ever during his time on the tour; however his career was hampered by persistent injuries and lack of determination that prevented the prolongation of his dominance, and is therefore agreed by many pundits and fans as one of the biggest underachievers in tennis. Safin was also known for his emotional outbursts during matches, and smashed numerous rackets. Safin
2356-501: Is organized by a committee of management consisting of nineteen members, with twelve being club members and the remaining seven nominated by the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA). As the world's oldest tennis event, it is widely regarded as the most prestigious tennis tournament, and it is known for its commitment to longstanding traditions and guidelines. It is one of few tournaments and the only Grand Slam event that
2480-469: Is popular as a written language only in Tatar-speaking areas where schools with Tatar language lessons are situated. On the other hand, Tatar is the only language in use in rural districts of Tatarstan . Since 2017, Tatar language classes are no longer mandatory in the schools of Tatarstan. According to the opponents of this change, it will further endanger the Tatar language and is a violation of
2604-642: Is realized as the diphthong ëy ( IPA: [ɯɪ] ), which only occurs word-finally, but it has been argued to be an independent phoneme. Phonetically, the native vowels are approximately thus (with the Cyrillic letters and the usual Latin romanization in angle brackets): In polysyllabic words, the front-back distinction is lost in reduced vowels: all become mid-central. The mid reduced vowels in an unstressed position are frequently elided, as in кеше keşe [kĕˈʃĕ] > [kʃĕ] 'person', or кышы qışı [qɤ̆ˈʃɤ̆] > [qʃɤ̆] '(his) winter'. Low back / ɑ /
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#17327718507412728-500: Is rounded [ ɒ ] in the first syllable and after [ ɒ ] , but not in the last, as in бала bala [bɒˈlɑ] 'child', балаларга balalarğa [bɒlɒlɒrˈʁɑ] 'to children'. In Russian loans there are also [ ɨ ] , [ ɛ ] , [ ɔ ] , and [ ä ] , written the same as the native vowels: ы, е/э, о, а respectively. Historically, the Old Turkic mid vowels have raised from mid to high, whereas
2852-632: Is significantly more irregular than any other verbs: its 2nd person singular imperative is диген, while its expected regular form is repurposed as the present tense forms (дим, диң, ди...). These predicative suffixes have now fallen into disuse, or rarely used. During its history, Tatar has been written in Arabic , Latin and Cyrillic scripts . Before 1928, Tatar was mostly written in Arabic script (Иске имля/ İske imlâ , "Old orthography", to 1920; Яңа имла/ Yaña imlâ , "New orthography", 1920–1928). During
2976-508: Is still played on grass courts, tennis's original surface, and where "lawn tennis" originated in the 1800s . Players are required to wear all-white attire during matches, and they are referred to as "Gentlemen" and "Ladies". There is also a tradition where the players are asked to bow or curtsy towards the Royal Box upon entering or leaving Centre Court when either the Prince of Wales or
3100-399: Is the achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline in a calendar year . In doubles, a Grand Slam may be achieved as a team or as an individual with different partners. Winning all four major championships consecutively but not within the same calendar year is referred to as a "non-calendar-year Grand Slam", while winning the four majors at any point during the course of
3224-907: Is the first Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late January and early February. The inaugural edition took place in November 1905 on the grass courts of the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in Melbourne , Australia. It was held as the Australasian Championships until 1927 and thereafter as the Australian Championships until the onset of the Open Era in 1969, passing through various venues in Australia and New Zealand before settling at
3348-514: Is the only Grand Slam tournament played on a red clay surface. It is generally considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world. The World Hard Court Championships was considered the premier clay championship in France from 1912–1923 (apart from one year held in Belgium) as it admitted international competitors, and it is therefore often seen as the true precursor to
3472-444: Is the only Grand Slam tournament to have been played every year since its inception. In 1997, Arthur Ashe Stadium , the largest tennis stadium in the world with a capacity of 23,771 spectators, was opened. It is named after Arthur Ashe , the winner of the 1968 tournament—the first in which professionals were allowed to compete. Over the years, the tournament has pioneered changes that other tournaments later adopted, including
3596-542: Is the third Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late June and early July. It was first held in 1877 at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club , at the time located off Nursery Road in Wimbledon, London , England. The tournament has always been contested at this club, which moved to its present site off Church Road in 1922 in order to increase its attendance capacity. Wimbledon
3720-407: Is used after 3rd person possessive suffix. Nouns ending in -и, -у, or -ү, although phonologically vowels, take consonantic endings. The declension of personal and demonstrative pronouns tends to be irregular. Irregular forms are in bold . The distribution of present tense suffixes is complicated, with the former (also with vowel harmony) is used with verb stems ending in consonants, and the latter
3844-454: Is used with verb stem ending in vowels (with the last vowel being deleted, эшләү – эшл и , compare Turkish işlemek – continuous işl iyor ). The distribution of indefinite future tense is more complicated in consonant-ending stems, it is resolved by -арга/-ырга infinitives (язарга – яз ар ). However, because some have verb citation forms in verbal noun (-у), this rule becomes somewhat unpredictable. Tenses are negated with -ма, however in
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3968-399: Is usually on the final syllable. However, some suffixes cannot be stressed, so the stress shifts to the syllable before that suffix, even if the stressed syllable is the third or fourth from the end. A number of Tatar words and grammatical forms have the natural stress on the first syllable. Loanwords, mainly from Russian, usually preserve their original stress (unless the original stress is on
4092-649: The 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing . Safin's father managed the local Spartak Tennis Club , where Safin trained in his youth. At the age of 14, Safin moved to Valencia, Spain to gain access to advanced tennis training programs which were not available in Russia. Safin says he grew "very fast ... with no muscles" and that he moved to Spain because clay courts were "better for the knees". Safin started his professional career in 1997. In 1998, Safin consecutively defeated Andre Agassi and defending champion Gustavo Kuerten at
4216-672: The Christmas and holiday season , but it has since grown to become one of the biggest sporting events in the Southern Hemisphere and the highest attended Grand Slam tournament, with more than 1,020,000 people attending the 2024 edition . Nicknamed the "Happy Slam" and billed as "the Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific", it has become known for its modernity and innovation, being the first Grand Slam tournament to feature indoor play and install retractable roofs on its main courts,
4340-636: The Chulym language ) after detailed linguistic study. However, the Chulym language was never classified as a dialect of Tatar language. Confusion arose because of the endoethnonym "Tatars" used by the Chulyms. The question of classifying the Chulym language as a dialect of the Khakass language was debatable. A brief linguistic analysis shows that many of these dialects exhibit features which are quite different from
4464-696: The French Open from late May to early June, Wimbledon in late June to early July, and the US Open in late August to early September, with each played over two weeks. The Australian and the United States tournaments are played on hard courts , the French on clay , and Wimbledon on grass . Wimbledon is the oldest tournament, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891 (major in 1925), and
4588-593: The International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF), holding their first meeting in 1913, joined by the Danish, German , Dutch , Russian , South African, and Swedish organizations. Voting rights were divided based on the perceived importance of the individual countries, with Great Britain's Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) receiving the maximum six votes. Three tournaments were established, being designated as "World Championships": The LTA
4712-539: The International Tennis Federation (ITF) began offering a $ 1 million bonus to any singles player to win the four majors consecutively regardless the tournaments order of winning them while the Men's International Professional Tennis Council , which was the governing body of men's professional tennis at the time, stated that 'Grand Slam' need not necessarily be won in the same year. This revision by
4836-727: The Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne between 1972 and 1987. Since 1988, it has been played on the hard courts of the Melbourne Park sports complex, which currently uses GreenSet as its court manufacturer. Managed by Tennis Australia , formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), the tournament struggled until the mid-1980s to attract the top international players due to its distance from Europe and America and proximity to
4960-635: The National Tennis League —convinced the LTA on the need for open tennis. After a British proposal for this at the annual ILTF meeting was voted down, the LTA revolted, and in its own annual meeting in December it voted overwhelmingly to admit players of all statuses to the 1968 Wimbledon Championships and other future tournaments in Britain, "come hell or high water". The eventual backing of
5084-603: The Robinsons fruit drink brand since 1935. The US Open is the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late August and early September. It was first held in August 1881 on grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island , United States. The tournament changed venues in its early years, with each discipline continuing to be held separately at various venues until 1923, when
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5208-620: The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . Tatar is also considered to have been the official language in the short-lived Idel-Ural State , briefly formed during the Russian Civil War . The usage of Tatar declined during the 20th century. By the 1980s, the study and teaching of Tatar in the public education system was limited to rural schools. However, Tatar-speaking pupils had little chance of entering university because higher education
5332-500: The US , Uzbekistan , and several other countries. Globally, there are more than 7 million speakers of Tatar. Tatar is also the mother tongue for several thousand Mari , a Finnic people; Mordva 's Qaratay group also speak a variant of Kazan Tatar. In the 2010 census , 69% of Russian Tatars claimed at least some knowledge of the Tatar language. In Tatarstan, 93% of Tatars and 3.6% of Russians claimed to have at least some knowledge of
5456-554: The professional majors . By the 1950s, largely due to efforts of player/promoter Jack Kramer , this lucrative parallel circuit was luring in most of the star amateurs on the men's side, much to the ire of the ILTF and organizers of the Grand Slam tournaments. It was an open secret that the top players who remained as amateurs were receiving undeclared under-the-table payments from tournament promoters, an arrangement tolerated by their national tennis associations to dissuade them from joining
5580-420: The 'Grand Slam'." Combining the Grand Slam and the non-calendar-year Grand Slam, only eight singles players on 11 occasions achieved the feat of being the reigning champion of all four majors, three men ( Don Budge , Rod Laver , Novak Djokovic ) and five women ( Maureen Connolly , Margaret Court , Martina Navratilova , Steffi Graf , Serena Williams ). The following list is for those players who achieved
5704-584: The 19th century, Russian Christian missionary Nikolay Ilminsky devised the first Cyrillic alphabet for Tatar. This alphabet is still used by Christian Tatars ( Kryashens ). In the Soviet Union after 1928, Tatar was written with a Latin alphabet called Jaꞑalif . In 1939, in Tatarstan and all other parts of the Soviet Union, a Cyrillic script was adopted and is still used to write Tatar. It
5828-408: The 2004 loss. He defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the 2005 final to secure his second Grand Slam in five years. En route to this final, he defeated top-ranked Roger Federer in a five-set semifinal match. Safin described the match as "a brain fight." He also defeated future ten-time Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic , who was making his first appearance in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament, in
5952-596: The 2005 Australian Open and at Wimbledon in 2008, both times in straight sets. Safin was born in Moscow to Tatar parents, Mubin ("Mikhail") Safin and Rauza Islanova . His ancestors come from Mishar village Bolshoye Rybushkino, located in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast . He speaks Russian, English, and Spanish. His parents are former tennis players and coaches. His younger sister, Dinara , is a former world No. 1 professional tennis player and silver medalist at
6076-474: The 2006 ATP Masters tournaments at Indian Wells, Miami, Monte Carlo, Rome and Hamburg, his ranking plummeted to as low as No. 104. He began to recover in time for the 2006 US Open , in which Safin defeated No. 4 David Nalbandian in a riveting second-round match. Safin then lost in the fourth round to No. 16 Tommy Haas , also in a fifth-set tiebreaker. Positive performances at the Thailand Open, where he
6200-689: The Australian in 1905, but it was not until 1925 that all four were held as officially sanctioned majors. With the growing popularity of tennis, and with the hopes of unifying the sport's rules internationally, the British and French tennis associations started discussions at their Davis Cup tie, and in October 1912 organized a meeting in Paris, joined by the Australasian , Austrian, Belgian , Spanish , and Swiss associations. They subsequently formed
6324-604: The Council and reportedly the ITF was approved by the representatives of the four Grand Slam tournaments at Wimbledon. Neil Amdur and Allison Danzig of the New York Times both criticised the changed definition of the term Grand Slam, whereas in 1985 Hal Bock of Associated Press backed the change. Despite newspaper reports claiming that ITF President Philippe Chatrier had said "the four big events no longer have to be won in
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#17327718507416448-575: The Czech Republic, Safin defeated No. 9 Tomáš Berdych in a five-set encounter, after being two sets down. This was the first time in his career that he had come back to win a match after being down two sets. Safin's next tournament was in Valencia. He defeated No. 20-ranked Juan Carlos Ferrero . In spite of the fact that Ferrero is from the Valencia region, Safin was the more popular player, having been based in Valencia for many years and being
6572-510: The French Open before 1925. The French championships was first held as an International Lawn Tennis Federation–sanctioned major championship in 1925. Today, it has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2024 tournament being € 53,478,000. The 2018 edition saw a record attendance of 480,575 spectators. The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known as Wimbledon,
6696-418: The French Open in the 1970s because they were committed to the more profitable pro circuits. In one case, Australian players including Rod Laver , Ken Rosewall and Roy Emerson who had contracts with George MacCall 's National Tennis League were prevented from participating in the 1970 Australian Open because the financial guarantees were deemed insufficient. Although it has been possible to complete
6820-579: The French Open. He won his first ATP title at the age of 19, in Boston, and later in 1999 he reached the Paris, Bercy final, losing a closely contested four-set match to No. 1 Andre Agassi . Safin held the No. 1 ATP ranking for 9 weeks during 2000 when he won his first Grand Slam tournament at the US Open , becoming the first Russian in history to win this tournament in the men's singles draw, by defeating Pete Sampras in straight sets. He barely missed finishing
6944-666: The French Open. Safin made a surprise finals appearance at the Wimbledon tune-up tournament in Halle on grass. He lost the final narrowly to the defending champion, Federer. He only played one tournament in the summer hard-court season, in Cincinnati, where he lost in the quarterfinals to Robby Ginepri . He also missed the Tennis Masters Cup. Injuries continued to bother Safin in 2006. Although Safin made appearances at
7068-689: The ILTF and the designation of "World Championship" status to the British and French tournaments, and thus initially refused to join the Federation, choosing instead to be bystanders to their meetings. By the 1920s, with the World Covered Court Championships failing to attract top players and the growing success of American and Australian tennis, the ILTF worked to convince the USNLTA to join them, meeting their demand to drop
7192-521: The No. 1 ranking for a total of nine weeks between November 2000 and April 2001. When Safin became the world's number one player in 2000, he became (at the time) the youngest world number one in the ATP era of tennis. He won his first major title at the 2000 US Open , defeating Pete Sampras in the final, and his second at the 2005 Australian Open , defeating Lleyton Hewitt in the final. Safin helped lead Russia to Davis Cup victories in 2002 and 2006 . Despite his dislike of grass courts , he became
7316-490: The Nokia Arena in Tel Aviv . Russia was the top-ranked country in Davis Cup standings, and the stage was set by Safin, who prior to the tie told the press: "With all due respect, Israel was lucky to get to the quarterfinals." Safin was held out of the first day of singles, and then went on to lose the clinching doubles match in five sets partnered with doubles specialist Igor Kunitsyn . A succession of injuries hindered Safin's progress throughout his career. In 2003, he missed
7440-403: The Old Turkic high vowels have become the Tatar reduced mid series. (The same shifts have also happened in Bashkir .) Tatar consonants usually undergo slight palatalization before front vowels. However, this allophony is not significant and does not constitute a phonemic status. This differs from Russian where palatalized consonants are not allophones but phonemes on their own. There are
7564-399: The Rogers Cup Masters tournament in Toronto. He beat Sam Querrey in the first round. Because of rain delays, he had to play his next match against Stan Wawrinka on the same day. He lost that match. At the Countrywide Classic in Los Angeles he defeated John Isner and Wayne Odesnik to advance to the quarterfinals, where he was defeated by Denis Gremelmayr . At the US Open, Safin lost in
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#17327718507417688-399: The Slam was Grand or Bland or a commercial sham tainted with an asterisk the size of a tennis ball, Martina Navratilova finally did it." When Rafael Nadal was on the verge of completing a non-calendar-year Grand Slam at the 2011 Australian Open , one writer observed, "Most traditionalists insist that the 'Grand Slam' should refer only to winning all four titles in a calendar year, although
7812-438: The St. Petersburg Open, at which he lost in the second round. He then lost his first-round match at the final ATP tournament of the calendar: the Paris Masters, to Juan Mónaco . In the post-match conference, he raised the possibility of his retirement from the sport. Via a message posted on his official website, he said he was going to take a holiday and then seriously consider his options regarding his future in tennis. He finished
7936-527: The Tatar language. In neighbouring Bashkortostan , 67% of Tatars, 27% of Bashkirs , and 1.3% of Russians claimed to understand basic Tatar language. Tatar, along with Russian, is the official language of the Republic of Tatarstan . The official script of Tatar language is based on the Cyrillic script with some additional letters. The Republic of Tatarstan passed a law in 1999, which came into force in 2001, establishing an official Tatar Latin alphabet. A Russian federal law overrode it in 2002, making Cyrillic
8060-468: The Tatarstan Constitution which stipulates the equality of Russian and Tatar languages in the republic. There are two main dialects of Tatar: All of these dialects also have subdivisions. Significant contributions to the study of the Tatar language and its dialects, were made by a scientist Gabdulkhay Akhatov , who is considered to be the founder of the modern Tatar dialectological school. Spoken idioms of Siberian Tatars, which differ significantly from
8184-401: The US Open itself. The season was organized by the USTA as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television. A Grand Slam (sometimes called a Calendar-year Grand Slam, Calendar Grand Slam, or Calendar Slam) is the achievement of winning the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open in the same year. Margaret Court is
8308-425: The USNLTA that came after a February 1968 vote forced the ILTF to yield and allow each nation to determine its own legislation regarding amateur and professional players, which it voted for in a special meeting in March 1968. This marked the start of the Open Era of tennis, with its first tournament, the 1968 British Hard Court Championships , beginning three weeks later on 22 April in Bournemouth, England , while
8432-660: The Volga–Ural Tatar varieties, and should be classified as Turkic varieties belonging to several sub-groups of the Turkic languages, distinct from Kipchak languages to which Volga–Ural Tatar belongs. There exist several interpretations of the Tatar vowel phonemic inventory. In total Tatar has nine or ten native vowels, and three or four loaned vowels (mainly in Russian loanwords). According to Baskakov (1988) Tatar has only two vowel heights, high and low . There are two low vowels, front and back , while there are eight high vowels: front and back, round (R+) and unround (R−), normal and short (or reduced). Poppe (1963) proposed
8556-404: The above two, are often considered as the third dialect group of Tatar by some, but as an independent language on its own by others. The Central or Middle dialectal group is spoken in Kazan and most of Tatarstan and is the basis of the standard literary Tatar language. Middle Tatar includes the Nagaibak dialect . The Western (Mişär) dialect is distinguished from the Central dialect especially by
8680-455: The absence of the uvular q and ğ and the rounded å of the first syllable. Letters ç and c are pronounced as affricates . Regional differences exist also. Mishar is the dialect spoken by the Tatar minority of Finland . Two main isoglosses that characterize Siberian Tatar are ç as [ ts ] and c as [ j ] , corresponding to standard [ ɕ ] and [ ʑ ] . There are also grammatical differences within
8804-410: The baseline because [of] a lot of bad bounces." With Safin's semifinal performance at Wimbledon in 2008, he became the fourth of five active players at the time to reach the semifinals in all four Grand Slams, joining Roger Federer , David Nalbandian , and Novak Djokovic . Other active players have since then joined the list. Safin won five ATP Tennis Masters Series titles during his career. His first
8928-412: The basis of the classic Grand Slam i.e., the capture of all four titles in a year. When Martina Navratilova won the 1984 French Open and became the reigning champion of all four women's singles discipline, she was the first player to receive the bonus prize in recognition of her achievement. Some media outlets said that she had won a Grand Slam. Curry Kirkpatrick of Sports Illustrated wrote "Whether
9052-535: The constitution of the International Tennis Federation, the sports governing body, spells out that 'players who hold all four of these titles at the same time achieve the Grand Slam'." In 2012 the ambiguity was resolved, with the ITF's current constitution stating "The Grand Slam titles are the championships of Australia, France, the United States of America and Wimbledon. Players who hold all four of these titles in one calendar year achieve
9176-544: The country each year. The BBC's broadcast of the 1967 edition was among the first colour television broadcasts in the UK. Today, the event has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2021 tournament being £ 35,016,000, and 500,397 people attending the 2019 edition. The tournament has some of the longest running sponsorships in sports history, having been associated with Slazenger since 1902, and with
9300-550: The designation of "World Championships" from all three tournaments in March 1923, which led to the demise of both the World Covered Court Championships and the World Hard Court Championships. A new category of "Official Championships" was created for the national championships of Britain, France, Australia, and the US. By the 1930s, these four tournaments had become well defined as the most prestigious in
9424-630: The dialect, scattered across Siberia. Many linguists claim the origins of Siberian Tatar dialects are actually independent of Volga–Ural Tatar; these dialects are quite remote both from Standard Tatar and from each other, often preventing mutual comprehension. The claim that this language is part of the modern Tatar language is typically supported by linguists in Kazan, Moscow and by Siberian Tatar linguists and denounced by some Russian and Tatar ethnographs. Over time, some of these dialects were given distinct names and recognized as separate languages (e.g.
9548-591: The doubles title at the Kremlin Cup in Moscow in October, his first ATP-level title since the 2005 Australian Open . At AAMI Kooyong Classic invitational in Melbourne, Safin beat Andy Murray before losing to Andy Roddick . In the third-place play-off, Safin beat Fernando González. At the Australian Open Safin beat Ernests Gulbis in straight sets but lost in the second round after a grueling five-set match against Baghdatis. In February, Safin
9672-641: The first Russian man to reach the Wimbledon semifinals in 2008 . At the time of his retirement in November 2009, he was ranked world No. 61. In 2011, he became a member of the State Duma representing the United Russia party. In 2016, he became the first Russian tennis player inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame . Safin is also the older brother of former women's WTA world No. 1 player Dinara Safina . They are
9796-602: The first open Grand Slam tournament, the 1968 French Open , was held in May. Even after the advent of the Open Era, players including John McEnroe and Chris Evert have pointed out that skipping the Australian Open was the norm because of the travelling distance involved and the inconvenient dates close to Christmas and New Year. There were also the contracted professional players who had to skip some major events like
9920-619: The first person imperative forms deletes the last vowel, similar to the present tense does ( эшләү – эшл им ). Like plurals of nouns, the suffix -лар change depending the preceding consonants (-алар, but -ганнар). Some verbs, however, fall into this category. Dozens of them have irregular stems with a final mid vowel, but obscured on the infinitive ( уку – ук ы , ук ый , төзү – төз е , төз и ). The verbs кору "to build", тану "to disclaim", ташу "to spill" have contrastive meanings with verbs with their final vowelled counterparts, meaning "to dry", "to know", "to carry". The verb дию "to say"
10044-498: The first round losing just three games. His best result at Wimbledon was reaching the semifinals in 2008, beating No. 3 Novak Djokovic en route. He often lost in the first or second rounds in other years, although he made the quarterfinals in 2001, losing in four sets to eventual champion Goran Ivanišević . Safin dismissed his performance in the 2001 tournament as a result of luck. Safin disliked playing on grass. Safin has said: "It's difficult to [break serve]. It's difficult to play-off
10168-586: The first round, he saved three match points with three aces against Thierry Ascione , eventually prevailing with a total of 24 aces and 41 winners. On 11 November 2009, Safin's career ended with a second-round defeat by reigning US Open champion Juan Martín del Potro , after which a special presentation ceremony was held on Centre Court at Bercy. Fellow tennis players who joined him in the ceremony included Juan Martín del Potro , Novak Djokovic , Gilles Simon , Tommy Robredo , Frederico Gil , Ivo Karlović , Albert Costa , Marc Rosset , and Younes El Aynaoui . Safin
10292-564: The first time since the end of January 2006. His doubles ranking also improved from 300 to 195. In the first round at Wimbledon, at which he was seeded 14th, he was upset by 21-year-old American Jesse Levine . Safin played at the Catella Swedish Open at Båstad , where he lost to Nicolás Almagro of Spain. He began his hard-court season by making it to the quarterfinals of the LA Tennis Open (his first quarterfinal of
10416-471: The first to schedule night-time men's singles finals, and the first to substitute electronic line calling for line judges , using an expanded version of the Hawk-Eye technology known as "Hawk-Eye Live". The tournament was designated a major championship by the International Lawn Tennis Federation in 1923. Nowadays, its draws host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with
10540-400: The indefinite future tense and the verbal participle they become -мас and -мыйча instead, respectively. Alongside vowel-ending stems, the suffix also becomes -мый when negates the present tense. To form interrogatives, the suffix -мы is used. Definite past and conditional tenses use type II personal inflections instead. When in the case of present tense, short ending (-м) is used. After vowels,
10664-439: The introduction of a tiebreak system to decide the outcome of sets tied at 6–6 in 1970, being the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to the men's and women's events in 1975, the installation of floodlights in 1975 in order to allow matches to be played at night, and the introduction of instant replay reviews of line calls using the Hawk-Eye computer system in 2006. The ILTF officially designated it as
10788-411: The last syllable, in such a case the stress in Tatar shifts to suffixes as usual, e.g. sovét > sovetlár > sovetlarğá ). Tatar phonotactics dictate many pronunciation changes which are not reflected in the orthography. Like other Turkic languages, Tatar is an agglutinative language . Tatar nouns are inflected for cases and numbers. Case suffixes change depending on the last consonants of
10912-407: The majority of the season due to a wrist injury. During the 2005 clay-court season, Safin suffered a knee injury, which he played through all the way up to Wimbledon with the help of pain killers and anti-inflammatories. Safin was subsequently defeated in the early rounds of each of the seven tournaments he played between the Australian Open and the French Open, culminating in an early round defeat at
11036-619: The monarch are present. The tournament was given the title "World Grass Court Championships" by the International Lawn Tennis Federation between 1912 and 1923, and was designated a major championship following the abolition of the three ILTF World Championships. Since 1937, the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the United Kingdom, with the finals shown live and in full on television in
11160-409: The noun, while nouns ending in п/к are voiced to б/г (кита б ым) when a possessive suffix was added. Suffixes below are in back vowel, with front variant can be seen at #Phonology section. The declension of possessive suffixes is even more irregular, with the dative suffix -а used in 1st singular and 2nd singular suffixes, and the accusative, dative, locative, and ablative endings -н, -на, -нда, -ннан
11284-539: The only brother-sister tandem in tennis history to have both achieved No. 1 singles rankings. Safin is the recipient of four ATP Awards: 1998 Newcomer of the Year, 2000 Most Improved Player, 2001 Fans' Favourite, 2002 Fans' Favourite. Since its inception in 2000, Safin is the only player alongside Roger Federer to have won the award multiple times. He is one of the few tennis players to have a perfect 100% record against Novak Djokovic, having beaten him both times they played, in
11408-442: The only player to complete a Grand Slam in two disciplines, singles and mixed doubles (twice), while wheelchair players Diede de Groot and Dylan Alcott have completed one in both the singles and doubles disciplines of their respective classes . The following is a list of players that achieved it. Each entry has an asterisk (*) linking to the tournament of that year. Professional Junior Wheelchair In 1982,
11532-467: The pro ranks and secure their availability for the majors and Davis Cup. This system was derisively referred to as ' shamateurism ' that was seen as undermining the integrity of the sport. Ramanathan Krishnan and Roy Emerson , for example declined large contract offers from the professional promoters, with the latter stating that he was better paid in the amateur circuit. Tensions over this status quo, which had been building for decades, finally came to
11656-429: The run-up to the Australian Open. As Safin was forced to miss the tournament in 2006 because of injury, 2007 was his first Australian Open since he captured the title in 2005. Safin lost against sixth seed Andy Roddick in his third-round match in a grueling 3-hour match. Roddick commented after the match, "With Marat you know you are going to get an emotional roller-coaster. You just have to try and focus on yourself and I
11780-576: The same calendar year for a player to be recognized as Grand Slam champion", ITF General Secretary David Gray in a 1983 letter claimed that it was never the intention of ITF to alter anything regarding the definition of the classic Grand Slam: There seems to be some confusion. The ITF's only initiative in this matter has been the organisation of the offer of a bonus of $ 1 million to any player who holds all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously ... Despite all that we have read on this matter, it has never been my Committee of Management's intention to alter
11904-636: The season), where he lost to Tommy Haas . He lost in the first round of the U.S. Open, his last Grand Slam, to Austrian Jürgen Melzer . After a second-round loss in the PTT Thailand Open , he found some late form, coming into the China Open tournament held in Beijing; beating José Acasuso in the first round. In the second round, he played Fernando González and produced a win. In the quarterfinals, he lost against top seed Rafael Nadal . As
12028-592: The second round to Tommy Robredo . At the Moscow Kremlin Cup, he defeated Noam Okun , Julien Benneteau , Nikolay Davydenko , and Mischa Zverev , only to lose to another compatriot Igor Kunitsyn in the final. It was Safin's first final appearance since 2006, in the same event. Following the Kremlin Cup, Safin withdrew from the Madrid Masters event with a shoulder injury. His next event was
12152-517: The semifinals was his best record in Wimbledon and made him the first Russian man to ever reach a Wimbledon semifinal. Safin attributed his great run at Wimbledon to the hard work he was putting in with coach Hernán Gumy. Safin then played at the Swedish Open , on clay, in Båstad beating Marc López , before losing his second-round match against Potito Starace . Safin was awarded a wild card into
12276-605: The singles, doubles, and mixed doubles disciplines throughout a player's career. Only three players have completed a Boxed Set, all females: Doris Hart , Margaret Court , and Martina Navratilova . Court's second Boxed Set, completed in 1969, spans the Amateur and Open Eras, but she later completed a set entirely within the Open Era in 1973. S Singles D Doubles X Mixed doubles The term "Golden Slam" (also known as "Golden Grand Slam", "Calendar-year Golden Slam" or "Calendar Golden Slam") refers to
12400-424: The sole official script in Tatarstan since. Unofficially, other scripts are used as well, mostly Latin and Arabic. All official sources in Tatarstan must use Cyrillic on their websites and in publishing. In other cases, where Tatar has no official status, the use of a specific alphabet depends on the preference of the author. The Tatar language was made a de facto official language in Russia in 1917, but only within
12524-563: The sport. In 1933, Jack Crawford won the Australian , French , and Wimbledon Championships, leaving him just needing to win the last major event of the year, the U.S. Championships , to become the reigning champion of all four major tournaments, a feat described as "a grand slam" by sports columnist Alan J. Gould of The Reading Eagle , and later that year by John Kieran of The New York Times , who stated that if Crawford won at Forest Hills it "would be something like scoring
12648-536: The total prize money for the 2024 tournament being A$ 86,500,000. The French Open, also known as Roland Garros, is the second Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late May and early June. A French championships closed event (restricted to members of French clubs) was first held in 1891 on the sand courts of the Societé de Sport de Île de Puteaux, in Puteaux , Île-de-France, and changed venues over
12772-418: The tour rolled into Moscow for the Kremlin Cup , it marked the beginning of the end for Safin, as he played his last competitive matches in his native Russia. He defeated No. 6 Nikolay Davydenko in the first round, but lost in the second round. He then played at the 2009 St. Petersburg Open , reaching the semifinals. Safin's final tournament as a professional tennis player was at the 2009 Paris Masters . In
12896-990: The tournament settled at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens , New York City. In 1978, it moved to the hardcourts of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows , Queens, where it has been contested ever since. Organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), previously known as the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) until 1920, and as United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) until 1975, it
13020-796: The tournaments individually. The first player to win all four majors in a calendar year and thus complete a Grand Slam was Don Budge in 1938. At the time, only amateur players were allowed to participate in the Grand Slam and other ILTF-sanctioned tournaments. Amateur standing, regulated by the ILTF alongside its associated national federations, forbade players from receiving prize money, earning pay by teaching tennis, being contracted by promoters and playing paid exhibition matches, though expense payments were allowed along with certain monies from sporting goods companies or other benefactors. Amateurs who "defected" to become professional were banned from competing in amateur tournaments and dropped from their national associations. The first major professional tour
13144-783: The use of Cyrillic for the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation does not contradict the Russian constitution . In accordance with this Constitutional Court ruling, on 28 December 2004, the Tatar Supreme Court overturned the Tatarstani law that made the Latin alphabet official. In 2012 the Tatarstan government adopted a new Latin alphabet but with limited usage (mostly for Romanization). Grand Slam in tennis The Grand Slam in tennis
13268-571: The women). The tournaments are overseen by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), rather than the separate men's and women's tour organizing bodies, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA), but both the ATP and WTA award ranking points based on players' performances in them. The four Grand Slam tournaments are the Australian Open in January,
13392-740: The world he doesn't really believe in a personal God. Tatar language Tatar ( / ˈ t ɑː t ər / TAH -tər ; татар теле , tatar tele or татарча , tatarça ) is a Turkic language spoken by the Volga Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan ( European Russia ), as well as Siberia and Crimea . The Tatar language is spoken in Russia by about 5.3 million people, and also by communities in Azerbaijan , China , Finland , Georgia , Israel , Kazakhstan , Latvia , Lithuania , Romania , Turkey , Ukraine ,
13516-528: The year 2008 ranked at No. 29. Safin started the 2009 season by playing in the Hopman Cup event in Perth with his sister, Dinara Safina . He arrived at the event sporting a bandaged right thumb, two black eyes , a blood-filled left eye, and a cut near his right eye, all suffered in a fight several weeks earlier in Moscow. In the 2009 Hopman Cup, the pair played off in the final representing Russia, but each
13640-404: The year as No. 1, the top spot being overtaken by Gustavo Kuerten at the last match of the season, the final of the 2000 Tennis Masters Cup and ATP Tour World Championships (3-0 win over Andre Agassi ). Safin reached three more Grand Slam finals, all at the Australian Open (2002, 2004, and 2005). He has cited nervousness as the reason for his loss in the 2002 event, and physical exhaustion for
13764-450: The year, and the first since June 2007 at Washington, D.C. Safin entered the 2008 French Open but was eliminated in the second round by countryman and fourth seed Nikolay Davydenko , in straight sets. Ranked at No. 75, Safin entered the 2008 Wimbledon Championships , where he defeated Fabio Fognini in the first round. In the second round, he defeated No. 3 player and 2008 Australian Open Champion Novak Djokovic . Safin's victory came as
13888-612: The years. In 1925 the French championships became open to all amateurs and since 1928 has been held on clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. Both the venue and the tournament are named "Roland Garros" after the pioneering French aviator . Organized by the Fédération française de tennis (FFT), formerly known as the Fédération Française de Lawn Tennis until 1976, the French Open
14012-414: Was able to do that tonight. In April, Safin won the deciding quarterfinal Davis Cup rubber against France , beating Paul-Henri Mathieu in straight sets. Safin reached the third round at Wimbledon , before falling to the defending champion Roger Federer . In July, Safin announced that he and his coach Alexander Volkov were parting ways, and that his new coach would be former pro Hernán Gumy . He won
14136-442: Was available in Russian almost exclusively. As of 2001, Tatar was considered a potentially endangered language while Siberian Tatar received "endangered" and "seriously endangered" statuses, respectively. Higher education in Tatar can only be found in Tatarstan , and is restricted to the humanities . In other regions Tatar is primarily a spoken language and the number of speakers as well as their proficiency tends to decrease. Tatar
14260-486: Was defeated in the singles rubbers. Safin withdrew from the Kooyong Classic tournament because of a shoulder injury, but recovered to play his first-round Australian Open match, which he won in straight sets over Iván Navarro of Spain. In the second round, Safin defeated another Spanish player, Guillermo García-López . In the third round, he came up against Federer and lost in straight sets. His next tournament
14384-439: Was described as Safin's ultimate weakness, starting after his victory at the 2005 Australian Open. Safin generally dominated during the fast indoor hard/carpet season, which is usually during the last few weeks on tour; Safin considered grass to be his least favourite playing surface, despite the similarities between indoor courts and grass courts even though other opponents with similar playing styles generally dominate on it. He
14508-426: Was established in 1926 by promoter C. C. Pyle with a troupe of American and French players, most notably Suzanne Lenglen , playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. Over the next decades many other head-to-head tours were run and professional tournaments established, with three, the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships , French Pro Championship and Wembley Championships , standing out, and considered to have been
14632-486: Was given the perpetual right to organize the World Grass Court Championships, to be held at Wimbledon, and France received permission to stage the World Hard Court Championships until 1916. Anthony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of these World Championships in 1913. The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) expressed disagreement over the power distribution within
14756-417: Was granted wildcards into the tournaments at Memphis and Las Vegas . In Memphis, he was edged out by his 2002 Australian Open opponent, Thomas Johansson in the first round. In Las Vegas, he was defeated by Lleyton Hewitt in the semifinals. In March, Safin lost in the first round of Indian Wells and Miami, to Jürgen Melzer and qualifier Bobby Reynolds , respectively. In the Davis Cup between Russia and
14880-635: Was in 2000 when he won the title in Toronto , Canada. He had three wins (2000, 2002, and 2004) in Paris, France, and one in 2004 in Madrid, Spain . In 2004, Safin reached the semifinal of the Tennis Masters Cup in Houston, Texas , where he was defeated by Federer, 6–3, 7–6. The second-set tiebreak (20–18) was the third-longest tiebreak in the Open Era. Safin also reached the semifinals in 2000. Safin helped Russia achieve its first Davis Cup victory in 2002, with
15004-715: Was manufactured by Adidas and he was the figurehead of the 'Competition' line from 2000 onward. At the 2003 Australian Open, Safin withdrew prior to the third round. Since retirement Safin has been an official for the Russian Tennis Federation and a member of the Russian Olympic Committee. In 2011, he began playing at the ATP Champions Tour. In December 2011, Safin was elected to the Russian Parliament as
15128-423: Was narrowly edged out by No. 7 seed, James Blake , and the Kremlin Cup in Moscow, the first all-Russian final at that event, losing to compatriot, Ukrainian-born Nikolay Davydenko , marked Safin's recovery. Despite the injury, Safin still posted seven wins against top ten players in 2006, fourth-most on the ATP tour behind just Federer (19), Nadal (10), and Blake (8). Safin did not play any warm-up tournaments in
15252-436: Was often characterized as a powerful offensive baseliner . Boris Becker , in 1999, said that he had not seen anybody hit the ball as hard from both wings for "a long, long time". He has a strong and accurate serve and a great forehand, while also possessing one of the best two-handed backhands of all time. He was also capable of playing at the net, with his volleys also being effective. However, lack of consistency and motivation
15376-552: Was the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships . He exited in the first round, losing to Richard Gasquet , and lost in the semifinals in doubles partnering David Ferrer . In March, Safin helped Russia advance to the Davis Cup quarterfinals by beating Victor Crivoi of Romania in the first rubber in straight sets. Starting the year at No. 29 in the world, he placed in the top 20 during the year for
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