Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park is a national park in the Dutch province of Overijssel , located between the townships of Hellendoorn and Holten. In 2004, the Dutch Government changed the status of the area to National Park. The park is mainly managed by Staatsbosbeheer , Natuurmonumenten and the water company Vitens. In addition, several small private owners are involved in the management, as well as regional communities and stakeholders.
16-541: The National Park is located in its entirety south of the N35 (Zwolle-Almelo), and encapsulates Haarlerberg, Holterberg, Noetselerberg and Koningsbelten. The park covers an area of approximately 35 square kilometres. Its highest point is the Koningsbelt, standing 75 metres above Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP). The Sallandse heuvelrug is a moraine , created in the second-last glaciation , Saalien , 150,000 years ago. During
32-479: A flood in Amsterdam in 1675. Of course a dike should be storm-resistant to protect a city against flooding, and in this case a margin of "9 feet and 5 inches" (2.67 m - margin is defined in Amsterdam feet) was deemed enough to cope with rising water. So he measured the water level of the adjacent sea arm, Het IJ , and compared it with the water level in the canals within the city itself. He found that
48-413: A "burgemeester" of Amsterdam he ordered that the city canals should be flushed at high tide and that the polluted water of the town "secreten" should be diverted to pits outside the town instead of into the canals. He also promoted hygiene in and around the town's water supply. "Hudde's stones" were marker stones that were used to mark the summer high water level at several points in the city. They later were
64-489: Is a tourist attraction, is no longer used as a reference point. 52°22′23″N 4°53′34″E / 52.37306°N 4.89278°E / 52.37306; 4.89278 Johannes Hudde Johannes ( van Waveren ) Hudde (23 April 1628 – 15 April 1704) was a burgomaster (mayor) of Amsterdam between 1672 – 1703, a mathematician and governor of the Dutch East India Company . As
80-468: Is an important area for long distance walking and biking and there are many campsites, restaurants, and hotels. Near Holten is a museum for natural history, Natuurdiorama Holterberg. [REDACTED] Media related to Sallandse Heuvelrug at Wikimedia Commons Normaal Amsterdams Peil Amsterdam Ordnance Datum or Normaal Amsterdams Peil ( NAP ) is a vertical datum in use in large parts of Western Europe . Originally created for use in
96-436: Is well known for its scenery because of its relatively large heathlands. Most characteristic features of the national park are the relief and the heath lands. Cranberry growths in large numbers. We also find the last Dutch population of the black grouse ( Tetrao tetrix ), European nightjar ( Caprimulgus europaeusnightjar ), and several lizard species, such as the viviparous lizard ( Zootoca vivipara ). The management of
112-602: The Holocene forests started to develop, but after the growth of the human population, these forests had been cut. From the Middle Ages onwards the area was used for grazing by sheep and goats, and the upper layer of the soil was removed to use it as fertilizer for the crop fields. In this period, the area became a heathland because of sand-drifting. In the beginning of the 20th century the state started forestry programs, to prevent this erosion and to produce pine wood. The area
128-626: The Netherlands , its height was used by Prussia in 1879 for defining Normalnull , and in 1955 by other European countries. In the 1990s, it was used as the reference level for the United European leveling Network (UELN) which in turn led to the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS). Mayor Johannes Hudde of Amsterdam in a way came up with the idea after he expanded the sea dike after
144-590: The Memorial for Labour Camp Twilhaar. This memorial was revealed in Oct 2003, along the Paltheweg, Nijverdal. The memorial is dedicated to the men transported from this camp in 1942 to camp Westerbork ; almost all of them were murdered at Auschwitz . Within the park Staatsbosbeheer has a visitor centre, within which a public observatory is located. The visitor centre is located in the municipality of Nijverdal along
160-529: The N35. The visitor centre hosts a permanent interactive exhibition on the history of the Sallandse Heuvelrug . Excursions are accessible for people with mobility impairments through the use of an electro car or horse tram. Along the two-kilometre trail located close to the visitor centre, there are numerous activities for children to participate in. The park contains numerous bushwalking, cycling, mountain biking trails, as well as riding routes. It
176-553: The area encounters several serious problems. One of the problems is to keep the heath in its present condition and to prevent the growing of trees and grasses. The management organizations use sheep and cows to graze. To prevent disturbance, some parts of the park are closed for visitors and the road through the park is closed at night. Located on the Holterberg is the Holten Canadian War Cemetery, one of
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#1732793262837192-566: The canals of Amsterdam, called Amsterdams Peil ("Amsterdam level", AP), was equal to the level at summer flood at sea in the sea-inlet, which changes throughout the year. AP was carried over to other areas in the Netherlands in 1860, to replace locally used levels. In this operation, an error was introduced which was corrected (normalised) between 1885 and 1894, resulting in the Normaal Amsterdams Peil . Originally
208-511: The foundation for the " NAP ", the now Europe-wide system for measuring water levels. Hudde studied law at the University of Leiden , but turned to mathematics under the influence of his teacher Frans van Schooten . From 1654 to 1663 he worked under van Schooten. La Géométrie (1637) by René Descartes provided an introduction to analytic geometry in French, whereas Latin was still
224-528: The largest military cemeteries in the Netherlands, in which soldiers killed during World War II are buried. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission maintains the graves of the Canadian soldiers buried at this cemetery. The cemetery contains 1393 graves and is accessible to the public. At Twilhaar (on the Nijverdalsche Berg), you'll find remnants of old civilisation, and a sheep pen, as well as
240-522: The water level at an average summer flood in the sea arm (when the water level reaches its maximum, not counting storms) was about the same as the level on the other side of the sea-dike, plus the margin of 9 feet and 5 inches. In 1850, the datum was used at several places in Belgium , and in 1874 the German government adopted the datum for first-order levelling. The relatively constant water level in
256-592: The zero level of NAP was the average summer flood water level in the IJ just north of the centre of Amsterdam (which was at the time, in 1684, the main shipping area, then still connected with the open sea). Currently it is physically realised by a brass benchmark on a 22-metre (72 ft) pile below the Dam square in Amsterdam. The brass benchmark in the Amsterdam Stopera (combined city hall and opera house), which
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