30-474: The Sandy Hook Lighthouse , located about one and a half statute miles (2.4 km) inland from the tip of Sandy Hook , New Jersey , is the oldest working lighthouse in the United States. It was designed and built on June 11, 1764 by Isaac Conro . At that time, it stood only 500 feet (150 metres) from the tip of Sandy Hook; however, today, due to growth caused by littoral drift , it is almost one and
60-503: A cooling afternoon sea breeze in Sandy Hook, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values > 105 °F (41 °C). Since 1981, the highest air temperature was 99.7 °F (37.6 °C) on August 9, 2001, and the highest daily average mean dew point was 78.0 °F (25.6 °C) on July 19, 2019. The average wettest month is July which correlates with the peak in thunderstorm activity. Since 1981,
90-563: A half miles (2.4 km) inland from the tip. It was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966, for its significance in commerce and transportation. The light was built to aid mariners entering the southern end of the New York Harbor . It was originally called New York Lighthouse because it was funded through a New York Assembly lottery and
120-595: A misdemeanor could be a federal crime while outside the park it would be a minor infraction. Accommodations near Sandy Hook include bed and breakfasts such as the Sandy Hook Cottage and Seascape Manor, as well as Grand Lady by the Sea, and Nauvoo at Sandy Hook, which are all located in Highlands. Dining options have changed drastically since Superstorm Sandy , which destroyed the island's only eating location,
150-781: A tax on all ships entering the Port of New York . The lighthouse has endured an attempt to destroy it as an aid to British navigation by Benjamin Tupper , and a subsequent occupancy of British soldiers during the Revolutionary War . Almost two years after the State of New York ratified the U.S. Constitution, the lighthouse was transferred to federal authority. George Washington wrote to the Senate on April 5, 1790, "I have directed my private secretary to lay before you copies of three acts of
180-516: Is clothing optional . In contrast, the western shore includes vast acres of sand and trails and a paved path without lifeguards or rest rooms. These stretches are favored by cyclists and kite surfers , and leashed dogs are permitted. Within Sandy Hook some laws and regulations are different. Sandy Hook falls under Title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations , as well as New Jersey State Code in instances where federal laws do not pertain. In Sandy Hook
210-477: Is 7b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 6.3 °F (−14.3 °C). The average date of first spring leaf-out is March 23 and fall color typically peaks in early-November. There is a forest belonging to both Northeastern coastal forests & Atlantic coastal pine barrens . Deer live in the area and also many seabirds such as the nesting bird the least tern . And gulls such as American herring gull and Laughing gull and others native to
240-417: Is between 18 inches (46 cm) and 24 inches (61 cm), and the average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity. According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Sandy Hook would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Cordgrass ( 73 ) with a dominant vegetation form of Coastal Prairie ( 20 ). The plant hardiness zone
270-646: Is located at the north end of the Jersey Shore . It encloses the southern entrance of Lower New York Bay south of New York City , protecting it from the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The Dutch called the area "Sant Hoek", with the English "Hook" deriving from the Dutch "Hoek" (corner, angle), meaning "spit of land". For over three centuries mariners tasked with guiding ships across
300-420: Is open frequently for tours on the weekends, as well as Battery Gunnison which is being restored by volunteers and has two six-inch (152 mm) M1900 guns installed; the weapons were placed there in 1976. Guided tours show visitors a Nike missile, the missile firing platforms, and a radar station with 1960s-era computers. A Civil War-era 20-inch Rodman gun is also in the park; this was an experimental gun that
330-531: Is wheelchair accessible. The northern tip of Sandy Hook is the traditional finish of the 16.1 mile Ederle-Burke Swim, which runs from the Battery at the tip of Manhattan Island through the Narrows and into Lower New York Bay . The first successful swim occurred in 1913, when New York lifeguard Alfred Brown came ashore in 13 hours, 38 minutes. As a prelude to her English Channel triumph, Gertrude Ederle swam
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#1732771965755360-459: The Civil War until 1919, when the facility was moved to Aberdeen, Maryland —and was later the site of a Nike missile defense installation. The Sandy Hook Nike station is one of a very few stations that are still intact. Almost all of the fort's gun batteries are closed to the public due to their hazardous condition. The exceptions to this are Battery Potter and Battery Gunnison. Battery Potter
390-647: The National Park Service . Tour times can be found at the park website. The view from the top includes the Atlantic Ocean , Sandy Hook Bay and the New York City skyline. Sandy Hook, New Jersey Sandy Hook is a barrier spit in Middletown Township , Monmouth County, New Jersey , United States. The barrier spit, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) in length and varying from 0.1 to 1.0 mile (0.16 to 1.61 km) wide,
420-555: The Sandy Hook bar have been known as Sandy Hook pilots . Most of Sandy Hook is owned and managed by the National Park Service as the Sandy Hook Unit of Gateway National Recreation Area . Geologically , Sandy Hook is a large sand spit or barrier spit, the extension of a barrier peninsula along the coast of New Jersey, separated from the mainland by the estuary of the Shrewsbury River . On its western side,
450-771: The Sea Gulls' Nest Deck Restaurant. On the peninsula, various food trucks can be found and nearby is the locally known Bahr's Landing, Moby's and Something Fishy. The Mule Barn Tavern, located near the lighthouse, was opened in 2023. Local activities include the Sandy Hook All Woman Lifeguard Tournament in July, boat rentals for fishing, parties and tours, and paved path for biking, rollerblading, and walking. The Henry Hudson Trail , accessible from Highlands, New Jersey , stretches nine miles (14 km) from Aberdeen to Atlantic Highlands and
480-501: The area. Concurrent jurisdiction Concurrent jurisdiction exists where two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case. In the United States , state courts are presumed to have concurrent jurisdiction in federal matters, unless explicitly stated otherwise in the constitution or in the particular statutory provision in issue. Concurrent jurisdiction also exists to
510-633: The cause of action. Title 28 of the United States Code , sections 1331 & 1332 give federal courts concurrent jurisdiction with the state courts over federal question and diversity cases. In the Middle Ages , the Church expanded its jurisdiction in many areas of Europe widely beyond the original scope of ecclesiastical courts concerning spiritual or religious matters, thereby creating concurrent jurisdiction in many civil cases with
540-704: The entrance to Sandy Hook. A bicycle path parallels the motor road. The SeaStreak ferry serves Sandy Hook from Manhattan in summertime. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Sandy Hook has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ). Cfa climates are characterized by all months having an average temperature > 32.0 °F (0.0 °C), at least four months with an average temperature ≥ 50.0 °F (10.0 °C), at least one month with an average temperature ≥ 71.6 °F (22.0 °C) and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days feature slight-to-moderate humidity and
570-532: The extent that the United States Constitution permits federal courts to hear actions that can also be heard by state courts . For example, when a party from Alabama sues a party from Florida for a breach of contract , the Alabama party can sue in an Alabama state court to the extent the defendant submits to jurisdiction, or federal court (under federal diversity jurisdiction ), or in
600-451: The federal government have a Concurrent jurisdiction . The community of Highlands overlooks the southern part of the hook. Sandy Hook is owned by the federal government. Most of it is managed by the National Park Service and U.S. National Park Service rangers as the Sandy Hook Unit of Gateway National Recreation Area . The eastern shoreline consists of public beaches: North Beach, Gunnison Beach , and South Beach. The southern part of
630-582: The fort grounds, as is the Marine Academy of Science and Technology (MAST), a magnet high school, part of the Monmouth County Vocational School District . At the entrance to Fort Hancock is Guardian Park, a plaza dominated by two Nike missiles. Some of the buildings of Fort Hancock are closed to the public because their structural integrity in decay, and to preserve its profile for future visitors. A proposal
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#1732771965755660-634: The land. This area is administered by the Department of Homeland Security and is closed to the general public. The beaches along the Atlantic shore of Sandy Hook—North Beach, Gunnison Beach and the Southern Beaches, A, B, C, D, E—feature parking lots, lifeguards, rest rooms and seasonal concession stands. They do not permit pets on the beaches yearly after March 15. Nude or partially nude sunbathers may be encountered at Gunnison Beach as it
690-522: The legislature of New York ... An act for vesting in the United States of America the light-house and the lands thereunto belonging at Sandy Hook". The lighthouse is located on the grounds of Fort Hancock . In 1990, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 25 cent stamp featuring the Sandy Hook Lighthouse. Sandy Hook Lighthouse, which was restored in spring 2000, is part of the Sandy Hook Unit of Gateway National Recreation Area administered by
720-489: The peninsula encloses Sandy Hook Bay , a triangular arm of Raritan Bay . The 2,044-acre (8.27 km ) peninsula was discovered by Henry Hudson , and, historically, Sandy Hook has been a convenient anchorage for ships before proceeding into Upper New York Harbor . Sandy Hook is part of Middletown Township, although not contiguous with the rest of the Township. Because the peninsula is also federal enclave, Middletown and
750-410: The same course in 1925, finishing in 7 hours, 11 minutes. The road that connects to Sandy Hook is Route 36 . The road to the peninsula branches from Route 36 at the northern end of Sea Bright becoming Hartshorne Drive within the park. The Highlands-Sea Bright Bridge crosses the Shrewsbury River and carries the road traffic of Route 36 from Highlands in the west to Sea Bright in the east, near
780-528: The spit consists of public beaches and fishing areas. The peninsula's ocean-facing beaches are considered among the finest in New Jersey and are a popular destination for recreation in summer when seasonal ferries bring beachgoers from its various docking points including NYC. Gunnison Beach is one of the largest clothing optional beaches on the East Coast . Sandy Hook Lighthouse is located within
810-476: The state court located in Florida (under its personal jurisdiction over the defendant). Concurrent jurisdiction in the United States can also exist between different levels of state courts, and between courts and other government agencies with judicial powers. Different countries can also share concurrent jurisdiction over a case, where different countries have authority over the parties or events giving rise to
840-424: The wettest calendar day was 5.61 inches (142 mm) on August 27, 2011. During the winter months, the average annual extreme minimum air temperature is 6.3 °F (−14.3 °C). Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was −3.0 °F (−19.4 °C) on January 21, 1985. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < −3 °F (−19 °C). The average seasonal (Nov-Apr) snowfall total
870-543: Was recently accepted to allow adaptive reuse of some of the buildings in Fort Hancock for private use. This partnership will hopefully help these historic structures to be maintained more effectively. The defunct U.S. Army post Fort Hancock at the north end of the peninsula is open to visitation by the National Park Service. The Sandy Hook Proving Ground was used for many years—beginning after
900-570: Was the largest type produced by either side of that war. North of Fort Hancock on the western part of the "hook" is an active station of the United States Coast Guard . This is one of the original Life Saving Stations built in 1848 at a site "on bay side, one-half mile south of point of Hook." The site was changed several times through the years due to a change in land or at the request of the War Department, which owned
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