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60-509: Sapona was built by the Liberty Ship Building Company of Wilmington, North Carolina , founded by Max Shoolman of Boston, MA, as part of a fleet of concrete ships authorized by Woodrow Wilson during World War I , because steel was in short supply. Like many others in the fleet, the ship was completed after the end of the war, and Sapona was sold for scrap to Carl Fisher , one of the developers of Miami Beach. It

120-480: A 1.75-mile (2.82 km) riverwalk, developed as a tourist attraction in the late 20th century. In 2003, the city was designated by the U.S. Congress as a "Coast Guard City", one of 29 cities that currently bear that designation. It was formerly the home port for the USCGC ; Diligence , a United States Coast Guard medium-endurance cutter . Wilmington was declared the first World War II Heritage City in

180-591: A Categorical Answer whether I intended to put the Act relating [to] the Stamps in force. The Town Bell was rung[,] Drums [were] beating, Colours [were] flying and [a] great concourse of People [were] gathered together." For the sake of his own life, and "to quiet the Minds of the inraged [ sic ] and furious Mobb...," Houston resigned his position at the courthouse. Governor William Tryon made attempts to mitigate

240-607: A blockade to reduce the goods received by the South. The city was captured by Union forces in the Battle of Wilmington in February 1865, about one month after the fall of Fort Fisher had closed the port. Wilmington was the last Confederate port to be captured. As nearly all the military action took place some distance from the city, numerous antebellum houses and other buildings survived the war years. In mid-August 1862, Wilmington

300-432: A cadre of White Democrats, professionals, and businessmen planned to overthrow the city government if their candidates were not elected. Two days after the election, in which a White Republican was elected mayor and both White and Black aldermen were elected, more than 1500 White men (led by Democrat Alfred M. Waddell , an unsuccessful gubernatorial candidate in 1896) attacked and burned the only Black-owned daily newspaper in

360-562: A gang investigative unit. Less than half of Wilmington's population is religiously affiliated (47.30%), with the majority of practitioners being Christian . The two largest Christian denominations in Wilmington are Protestant: Baptists (14.66%) and Methodists (8.29%), followed by Roman Catholics (7.42%). There are also a significant number of Presbyterians (3.19%), Episcopalians (2.30%), Pentecostals (1.45%), and Lutherans (1.32%). Other Christian denominations make up 7.02%, and

420-952: A major water source for the region. It was also revealed that the same plant had been discharging the chemical compound since 1980. In 2020, then-President Donald Trump designated Wilmington as the first World War II Heritage City in the country due to the city's contributions during the war. The Audubon Trolley Station , Brookwood Historic District , Carolina Heights Historic District , Carolina Place Historic District , City Hall/Thalian Hall , Delgrado School , Federal Building and Courthouse , Fort Fisher , Gabriel's Landing , James Walker Nursing School Quarters , Market Street Mansion District , Masonboro Sound Historic District , Moores Creek National Battlefield , Sunset Park Historic District , USS North Carolina (BB-55) National Historic Landmark , Westbrook-Ardmore Historic District , William Hooper School (Former) , Wilmington Historic District , and Wilmington National Cemetery are listed on

480-523: A new name, Wilmington, in honor of Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington . Some early settlers of Wilmington came from the Albemarle and Pamlico regions, as well as from the colonies of Virginia and South Carolina , but most new settlers migrated from the northern colonies , the West Indies , and Northern Europe . Many of the early settlers were indentured servants from Northern Europe. As

540-435: A range of genres—have been filmed/produced in or near the city, including The Black Phone , Blue Velvet , The Conjuring , The Crow (1994), Dawson's Creek , Eastbound & Down , Halloween Kills , I Know What You Did Last Summer , Iron Man 3 , One Tree Hill , Outer Banks , Scream (2022), The Summer I Turned Pretty , Super Mario Bros. , and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . The city

600-575: A third party and spread by mosquitoes in the city. During the Reconstruction era , former free Blacks and newly emancipated freedmen built a community in the city. About 55% of its residents were Black people. At the time, Wilmington was the largest city and the economic capital of the state. Three of the city's aldermen were Black. Black people were also in positions of justice of the peace, deputy clerk of court, street superintendent, coroners, policemen, mail clerks, and mail carriers. At

660-584: Is a port city in New Hanover County, North Carolina , United States. With a population of 115,451 as of the 2020 census , it is the eighth-most populous city in the state . The county seat of New Hanover County, it is the principal city of the Wilmington metropolitan area , which includes New Hanover, Brunswick , and Pender counties. As of 2023, the region had an estimated population of 467,337. Wilmington's residential area lies between

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720-585: Is an honorary designation applied by National Park Service of the United States government to an American city or region in recognition of its contributions to the war effort of World War II and its continuing work to preserve its military history. The idea for the World War II Heritage City program was originated by Wilbur D. Jones Jr. , a retired United States Navy captain and military historian, in about 2008. The designation

780-570: Is home to the Bijou Theater, which began as a tent in 1904 and progressed to a permanent structure in 1906. It operated until 1956, making it the oldest movie theater in the state and one of the oldest, continuously running theaters in the country. In 1910, Charlotte passed Wilmington to become North Carolina's largest city. In the mid-20th century, efforts to preserve many historic building began. Due to this, many historic buildings were listed as National Register of Historic Places . Since

840-507: Is land and 1.56 square miles (4.0 km ) (2.95%) is water. Wrightsville Beach is a common destination in the Wilmington area. Carolina Beach and Kure Beach also add to the city's attractions. Wilmington has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with these characteristics: Wilmington boasts a large historic district encompassing nearly 300 blocks. Abandoned warehouses on downtown's northern end have been recently demolished making room for multimillion dollar projects, such as what

900-557: Is left on the hull because of the effects of bombing and weathering. The wreck itself and the surrounding area is a popular site for scuba divers and snorkelers . The ship was used as a backdrop in the 1977 horror film Shock Waves . It was also figured as a key setting in Ian Fleming's novel Thunderball . 25°39.040′N 79°17.593′W  /  25.650667°N 79.293217°W  / 25.650667; -79.293217 Wilmington, North Carolina Wilmington

960-603: Is part of North Carolina's Research coast, adjacent to the Research Triangle Park in Durham . Also important to Wilmington's economy is tourism due to its close proximity to the ocean and vibrant nightlife. Retail areas include the Cotton Exchange of Wilmington and Independence Mall . World War II Heritage City World War II Heritage City (officially American World War II Heritage City )

1020-570: The Wilmington Daily Record , one of the few Black-owned newspapers in the state, which was reported to be the only one in the country. In the 1890s, a coalition of Republicans and Populists had gained state and federal offices. The Democrats were determined to reassert their control. Violence increased around elections in this period, as armed White paramilitary insurgents, known as Red Shirts , worked to suppress Black and Republican voting. White Democrats regained control of

1080-612: The 2020 census , there were 115,451 people, 54,673 households, and 27,131 families residing in the city. At the 2013 census estimate , there were 112,067 people and 47,003 households in the city. The population density was 2,067.8 inhabitants per square mile (798.4/km ) and there were 53,400 housing units. The racial composition of the city was: 73.5% White , 19.9% Black or African American , 6.1% Hispanic or Latino American , 1.2% Asian American , 0.5% Native American , 0.1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander . There were 34,359 households, out of which 20.4% had children under

1140-591: The Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean , and the city developed as a commercial port in the colonial era. Toward the end of the 19th century, Wilmington was a majority-black, racially integrated, prosperous city – and the largest in North Carolina. It suffered what became known as the Wilmington insurrection of 1898 when white supremacists launched a coup that overthrew

1200-472: The Cape Fear River , at the confluence of its northwest and northeast branches. The settlement, founded by the first royal governor, George Burrington , was called New Carthage, and then New Liverpool; it gradually took on the name New Town or Newton. Governor Gabriel Johnston soon after established his government there for the North Carolina colony . In 1739 or 1740, the town was incorporated with

1260-487: The Eastern Siouan family. In the early 16th century, Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano , commissioned by the king of France with a French crew, was reportedly the first European to see this area, including the city's present site. The first permanent colonial settlement in the area was established in the 1720s by European settlers . In September 1732, a community was founded on land owned by John Watson on

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1320-720: The Latter-Day Saints have 0.90%. Much smaller is the proportion of residents who follow Islam (0.46%), and Judaism (0.25%). A small percentage of people practice Eastern religions (0.04%). Wilmington has significant historical religious buildings, such as the Basilica Shrine of St. Mary and the Temple of Israel . Wilmington's industrial base includes electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; nuclear fuel; and pharmaceuticals. Wilmington

1380-617: The National Register of Historic Places . Wilmington is the eastern terminus of Interstate 40 , an east-west freeway that ends 2,554 miles away at Barstow, California , where it joins I-15, the gateway to Southern California. This road passes through many major cities and state capitals along the way. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 52.97 square miles (137.2 km ), of which 51.41 square miles (133.2 km )

1440-593: The 1980s, Wilmington has remained the largest film and television production area in the state; many locations in and outside the city have been used for filming . In 1990, the extension of Interstate 40 to New Hanover County was opened and officially connected the region to the Interstate Highway System . During World War II , Wilmington was the home of the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company . The shipyard

1500-419: The age of 18 living with them, 33.5% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.5% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.77. In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under

1560-461: The age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 31,099, and the median income for a family was $ 41,891. Males had a median income of $ 30,803 versus $ 23,423 for females. The per capita income for

1620-562: The city had a significant community of free people of color , who developed businesses and trades. For a period up to Nat Turner 's rebellion, they had been allowed to vote, carry arms, and serve in the militia. Fears after the rebellion resulted in the state legislature passing laws to restrict the rights of free Blacks. During the Civil War , the port was the major base for Confederate and privately owned blockade runners , which delivered badly needed supplies from England. The Union mounted

1680-468: The city was $ 21,503. About 13.3% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over. Wilmington has an increasing problem with gang violence, and on October 15, 2013, the WPD and NHC sheriff's department created a joint task force to combat gang violence. Just a day later the city council approved $ 142,000 in funding for

1740-481: The completion of I-40. The city successfully annexed the areas of Seagate in 1998 and Masonboro in 2000. The annexation of Monkey Junction was stopped in 2012 by the North Carolina House of Representatives after local backlash. In 2017, a chemical compound called GenX , discharged by a Chemours plant near Fayetteville, North Carolina , was first found to be present in the Cape Fear River ;

1800-600: The country in 2020. The World War II battleship USS  North Carolina , now a war memorial, is moored across from the downtown port area, and is open to the public for tours. Other attractions include the Cape Fear Museum of History and Science and the Children's Museum of Wilmington. The city is home to the University of North Carolina Wilmington . Wilmington is also the home of Cinespace Wilmington ,

1860-716: The death of Arthur Dobbs ), was brought to Wilmington by Captain Constantine Phipps on a barge from the Diligence , and "was received cordially by the gentlemen of the borough." He was greeted with the firing of seventeen pieces of artillery , and the New Hanover County Regiment of the North Carolina militia , who had lined the streets. This "warm welcome" was spoiled, however, after a dispute arose between Captain Phipps and captains of ships in

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1920-515: The enslaved population. Because of the unrest, Tryon moved his seat of government to New Bern instead of Wilmington. On February 18, 1766, two merchant ships arrived without stamped papers at Brunswick Town . Each ship provided signed statements from the collectors at their respective ports of origin that no were stamps available, but Captain Jacob Lobb of the British cruiser Viper seized

1980-602: The first cornerstone was laid, and construction began on a new city hall. A grant from the Thalian Association funded the attached opera house, named Thalian Hall. In 1857, the city opened its first public school, named the Union Free School, on 6th Street between Nun and Church Streets, serving White students. Wilmington had a Black majority population before the Civil War. While most were slaves,

2040-417: The following days. This is the only such coup d'état in United States history. Whites attacked and killed an estimated 10–100 Blacks; no Whites died in the violence. As a result of the attacks, more than 2100 Blacks permanently left the city, leaving a hole among its professional and middle classes. The demographic change was so large that the city became majority White, rather than the majority Black it

2100-420: The harbor regarding the display of their colors. The townspeople became infuriated with Phipps and threats were made against both sides. After Tryon harangued them for their actions, the townspeople gathered around the barrels of punch and ox he had brought as refreshments. The barrels were broken open, letting the punch spill into the streets; they threw the head of the ox into the pillory , and gave its body to

2160-500: The indentured servants gained their freedom and fewer could be persuaded to travel to North America because of improving conditions back home, the settlers imported an increasing number of slaves to satisfy the labor demand. By 1767, African slaves accounted for more than 62% of the population of the Lower Cape Fear region. Many worked in the port as laborers, and some in ship-related trades. Naval stores and lumber fueled

2220-471: The largest domestic television and movie production facility outside California. Dream Stage 10, the facility's newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the United States. It houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America. After the studio complex's opening in 1984, Wilmington became a major center of American film and television production. Numerous movies and television series —in

2280-428: The legitimately elected local Fusionist government. It resulted in the expulsion of opposition black and white political leaders from the city, destruction of the property and businesses of black citizens, including the city's only black newspaper, and deaths ranging from an estimated 60 to more than 300 people. By 1910, Charlotte overtook Wilmington as North Carolina's largest city. Wilmington's downtown includes

2340-591: The new law, burned an effigy of one town resident who favored the act, and toasted to "Liberty, Property, and No Stamp Duty." On October 31, another crowd gathered in a symbolic funeral of "Liberty". Before the effigy was buried, though, Liberty was found to have a pulse, and celebration ensued. William Houston of Duplin County was appointed stamp receiver for Cape Fear. When Houston visited Wilmington on business, still unaware of his appointment, he recounted, "The Inhabitants immediately assembled about me & demanded

2400-512: The opposition, to no avail. On November 18, 1765, he pleaded his case directly to prominent residents of the area. They said the law restricted their rights. When the stamps arrived on November 28 on HMS Diligence , Tryon ordered them to be kept on board. Shipping on the Cape Fear River was stopped, as were the functions of the courts. Tryon, after having received his official commission as governor (a position he had assumed only after

2460-416: The project, organizers changed the terminus to Weldon . When the railroad line was completed in 1840, it was the longest single line of railroad track in the world. The railroad also controlled a fleet of steamboats that ran between Wilmington and Charleston ; these were used both for passenger travel and freight. Regular boat lines served Fayetteville , and packet lines traveled to northern ports. The city

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2520-582: The region to swear never to issue stamped paper. The Westminster Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766. In the 1830s, citizens of Wilmington became eager to take advantage of railroad transportation . At this time, the shipping tonnage registered at Wilmington was 9,035. Plans were developed to build a railroad line from the capital, Raleigh , to Wilmington. When Raleigh citizens declined to subscribe in sufficient number to stock to raise money for

2580-594: The region's economy, both before and after the American Revolution . During the Revolutionary War, the British maintained a garrison at Fort Johnston near Wilmington. Due to Wilmington's commercial importance as a major port, it had a critical role in opposition to the British in the years leading up to the revolution. The city had outspoken political leaders who influenced and led the resistance movement in North Carolina. The foremost of these

2640-424: The ship ran aground in a hurricane and broke apart. During World War II , the wreck was used for target practice by the U.S. Army Air Corps and U.S. Navy . Flight 19 vanished while returning from a bombing run to Sapona and the nearby Hens and Chickens shoals. The wreck lies in about 15 feet (4.6 m) of water, the stern broken off and partially submerged by hurricanes that struck in 2004. Little concrete

2700-405: The state and ran off the new officers. They overthrew the legitimately elected municipal government. Waddell and his men forced the elected Republican city officials to resign at gunpoint and replaced them with men selected by leading White Democrats. Waddell was elected mayor by the newly seated board of aldermen that day. Prominent Black Americans and White Republicans were banished from the city in

2760-489: The state legislature and sought to impose white supremacy , but some Blacks continued to be elected to local offices. The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 (also known as the Wilmington Race Riot) occurred as a result of the racially charged political conflict that had occurred in the decades after the Civil War and efforts by White Democrats to re-establish white supremacy and overturn Black voting. In 1898,

2820-475: The time, Black people accounted for over 30% of Wilmington's skilled craftsmen, such as mechanics, carpenters, jewelers, watchmakers, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stevedores, blacksmiths, masons, and wheelwrights. In addition, they owned 10 of the city's 11 restaurants and were 90% of the city's 22 barbers. The city had more Black bootmakers/shoemakers than White ones, and half of the city's tailors were Black. Lastly, two brothers, Alexander and Frank Manly, owned

2880-517: The vessels. In response, numerous residents from southern counties met in Wilmington. The group organized as the Sons of Liberty and pledged to block implementation of the Stamp Act. The following day, as many as a thousand men, including the mayor and aldermen of Wilmington, were led by Cornelius Harnett to Brunswick to confront Tryon. The governor was unyielding, but a mob retrieved the seized ships. They forced royal customs officers and public officials in

2940-477: The yellow fever victims during the outbreak and claimed that the dirtiness of the city and the fumes of the dirty water left by heavy rains caused the disease. By the end of the outbreak at least 1,500 and perhaps as many as 2,000, contracted yellow fever. Of those, between 650 and 800 died, a mortality rate approximately 40 percent Walter Reed would later discover in 1900 that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes, so Wilmington's outbreak had to be introduced by

3000-745: Was Wilmington resident Cornelius Harnett , who was serving in the General Assembly at the time, and where he rallied opposition to the Sugar Act in 1764. When the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act the following year, designed to raise revenue for the Crown with a kind of tax on shipping, Wilmington was the site of an elaborate demonstration against it. On October 19, 1765, several hundred townspeople gathered in protest of

3060-581: Was a main stopover point, contributing greatly to its commerce. By mid-century, the churchyard of St. James Episcopal Church and other town cemeteries had become filled with graves. On November 16, 1853, a group of citizens, organized as "the Proprietors of the Wilmington Cemetery", was formed to develop a new cemetery . Sixty-five acres of land around Burnt Mill Creek were chosen as the site for what would be called Oakdale Cemetery . It

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3120-443: Was before the coup. Following these events, the North Carolina legislature passed a new constitution that raised barriers to voter registration , imposing requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests that effectively disfranchised most Black voters, following the example of Mississippi. Blacks were essentially excluded from the political system until after the enactment of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Wilmington

3180-404: Was created as part of the U.S. government's Emergency Shipbuilding Program . Workers built 243 ships in Wilmington during the five years the company operated. Three prisoner-of-war (POW) camps operated in the city from February 1944 through April 1946. At their peak, the camps held 550 German prisoners. The first camp was located on the corner of Shipyard Boulevard and Carolina Beach Road; it

3240-465: Was devastated by a deadly outbreak of yellow fever . This fever outbreak was brought about by a blockade runner named Kate. Sources suggest that the runner had crew members who were sick before the ship landed, but Dr. W.T. Wragg would later write an article in the New York Journal of Medicine that there were at least five cases in the city before the ship arrived. Dr. Wragg treated many of

3300-424: Was founded in the 1730s. After going through a series of different names (New Carthage, New London, Newton), its name became Wilmington in 1740, named after Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington . The area along the river had been inhabited by various successive cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, historic Native Americans were members of tribes belonging to

3360-414: Was initially used as a casino and later for oil storage. The 1936 book Miami Millions claims that Mr. Fisher took it out to sea and sank it, but it was in fact purchased in 1924 by Bruce Bethel. Bethel moved the ship to Bimini, using it as a warehouse for alcohol during the era of Prohibition . Bethel also intended to use the ship as a floating nightclub, although this plan never came to fruition. In 1926

3420-568: Was made law in an act sponsored by United States Senator Thom Tillis and United States Representative David Rouzer and signed by President of the United States Donald Trump in 2019 as Public Law 116–9. In September 2020, Wilmington, North Carolina was designated the first World War II Heritage City. Any city credited with a major contribution to the American war effort during World War II and which, since

3480-400: Was moved downtown to Ann Street, between 8th and 10th Avenues, when it outgrew the original location. A smaller contingent of prisoners was assigned to a third site, working in the officers' mess and doing groundskeeping at Bluethenthal Army Air Base, which is now Wilmington International Airport . Starting in the 1990s, Wilmington began to grow rapidly, partially due to the film industry and

3540-405: Was the first rural cemetery in North Carolina. The cemetery's first interment, on February 6, 1855, was six-year-old Annie deRosset. Many remains from St. James churchyard were relocated to the new cemetery. The Wilmington Gas Light Company was established in 1854. Soon after, streetlights were powered by gas made from lightwood and rosin , replacing the old street oil lamps. On December 27, 1855,

3600-662: Was the world headquarters of Pharmaceutical Product Development and current tallest building in Wilmington at 228 feet (69 m). (The building was then bought by Thermo Fisher Scientific . In 2023, it was bought by the City of Wilmington and renamed "Skyline Center". It is now the main building for city government operations. ) Other completed projects include a state-of-the-art convention center, Live Oak Bank Pavilion, Pier 33 Apartments, and The Cove houseboat community in Port City Marina. Downtown / Old Wilmington As of

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