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29-617: The Rosalia-Kogelberg nature preserve lies within the district. This district was a part of the pre-Christian Celtic Kingdom Noricum and was in the vicinity of the settlement Hoehensiedlung Burg on the Burgberg, a 600 meter tall mountain in Austria. Later, in the Roman Empire , the area was part of the province Pannonia . The town, along with the entire Burgenland , belonged to Hungary (German West Hungary) until 1920/21. Since 1898,

58-463: A confrontation with a much larger group of unarmed members of the left-wing Republikanischer Schutzbund . The Frontkämpfervereinigung activists opened fire and killed an adult and a six-year-old boy. When they were found not guilty on grounds of self-defence by a jury, the socialists organised a general strike which led to the July Revolt of 1927 . This Burgenland location article

87-636: A major production and trading centre, specialised blacksmiths crafted metal products and weapons. The finished arms were exported to Aquileia , a Roman colony founded in 180 BC. From 200 BC, the Noricum tribes gradually united into a kingdom, known as the Regnum Noricum , with its capital at a place called Noreia . Noricum became a key ally of the Roman Republic, providing high-quality weapons and tools in exchange for military protection. This

116-454: A mask, a long red tongue, cowbells, and multi-colored ribbons on its head. The Kurent(s) from Ptuj and the adjoining villages also wear feathers, while those from the Haloze and Lancova Vas wear horns. Organized in groups, Kurents go through town, from house to house, making noise with their bells and wooden sticks, to symbolically scare off evil spirits and the winter. The parish church in

145-457: A superior product. The ore needed to be rich in manganese (an element which remains essential in modern steelmaking processes), and contain little or no phosphorus , which weakens steel. The ore mined in Carinthia (S. Noricum) fulfilled both criteria particularly well. The Noricum discovered their ore made superior steel around 500 BC and built a major steel industry. At Magdalensberg ,

174-619: A vigorous civilization was in the area centuries before recorded history. The graves contained weapons and ornaments from the Bronze Age , through the period of transition, up to the Hallstatt culture, i.e., the fully developed older period of the Iron Age . The Noric language is attested in only fragmentary inscriptions, one from Ptuj and two from Grafenstein , neither of which provide enough information for any conclusions about

203-524: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Noricum Timeline Noricum ( / ˈ n ɒr ɪ k ə m / ) is the Latin name for the kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia . In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire . Its borders were the Danube to the north, Raetia and Vindelici to the west, Pannonia to

232-483: Is mountainous and rich in iron and salt. It supplied material for the manufacturing of arms in Pannonia, Moesia , and northern Italy. The famous Noric steel was largely used in the making of Roman weapons (e.g. Horace , Odes , i.16.9-10: Noricus ensis , "a Noric sword"). Gold and salt were found in considerable quantities. The plant called saliunca (the wild nard , a relative of the lavender) grew in abundance and

261-506: Is the center place of a ten-day-long carnival in the spring, an ancient Slavic pagan rite of spring and fertility, called Kurentovanje or Korantovanje. Kurent is believed to be the name of an ancient god of hedonism - the Slavic counterpart of the Greek god Priapos , although there are no written records. Kurent or Korant is a figure dressed in sheep skin who goes about the town wearing

290-744: Is the oldest recorded town in Slovenia. There is evidence that the area was settled in the Stone Age . In the Late Iron Age it was settled by Celts . By the 1st century BC, the settlement was controlled by Ancient Rome as part of the Pannonian province. In 69 AD, Vespasian was elected Roman Emperor by the Danubian legions in Ptuj, and the first written mention of the city of Ptuj is from

319-589: The Annuario Pontificio as titular sees include: Ptuj Ptuj ( Slovene: [ˈptuːi̯] ; German : Pettau , pronounced [ˈpɛtaʊ̯] ; Latin : Poetovium/Poetovio ) is the eighth-largest town of Slovenia , located in the traditional region of Styria (northeastern Slovenia ). It is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj . Being the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, it has been inhabited since

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348-560: The Praetorian prefecture of Italy . It was in this time (304 AD) that a Christian serving as a military officer in the province suffered martyrdom for the sake of his faith, later canonised as Saint Florian . The Roman colonies and chief towns were Virunum (near Maria Saal to the north of Klagenfurt ), Teurnia (near Spittal an der Drau ), Flavia Solva (near Leibnitz ), Celeia ( Celje ) in today's Slovenia, Juvavum ( Salzburg ), Ovilava ( Wels ), Lauriacum ( Lorch at

377-492: The 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, 86% of the population of Pettau's Old Town was German -speaking, while the population of the surrounding villages predominantly spoke Slovenian . After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I , Pettau was included in the short-lived Republic of German Austria . After the military intervention of the Slovenian general Rudolf Maister , the entire territory of Lower Styria

406-657: The Hungarian name for the town, Somfalva, was used as a result of the Magyarization policies of the government in Budapest . After the end of the World War I , German West Hungary was awarded to Austria after tough negotiations. In 1921, the town became part of the newly founded federal state Burgenland On 30 January 1927 a small number of armed members of the right-wing Frontkämpfervereinigung were involved in

435-523: The civil war against Pompey . In 16 BC, having joined with the Pannonians in invading Histria , they were defeated by Publius Silius Nerva , proconsul of Illyricum . Thereafter, Noricum became a Roman province. It was not until the reign of Antoninus Pius that the Second Legion, Pia (later renamed Italica ) was stationed in Noricum, and the commander of the legion became the governor of

464-538: The east and south-east, and Italia ( Venetia et Histria ) to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at Virunum on the Magdalensberg . Around 800 BC, the region was inhabited mostly by the people of the Hallstatt culture . Around 450 BC, they merged with the people of other areas in the south-western regions of Germany and eastern France . The country

493-664: The influence of the Archbishopric of Salzburg which had both spiritual and temporal rule over the town; city rights passed in 1376 began an economic upswing for the settlement. After the re-establishment of the Habsburg rule in 1490, following Matthias Corvinus 's conquests, the Archbishop of Salzburg was stripped of the remaining temporal authority over the town and the surrounding areas; Ptuj (known in German as Pettau)

522-1150: The late Stone Age and developed from a Roman military fort, located at a strategically important crossing of the Drava River along a prehistoric trade route between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic . [REDACTED] Roman Empire (69–476AD) [REDACTED] Ostrogothic Kingdom (476–552) Lombards (552–568) Pannonian Avars (568–623, 658–700) Samo's Empire (623–658) Early Slavs (700–795) Francia (795–840) Balaton Principality (840–874) [REDACTED] Archbishop of Salzburg (977–1555) [REDACTED]   Habsburg Monarchy (1555–1804) [REDACTED]   Austrian Empire (1804–1867) [REDACTED]   Austria-Hungary (1867–1918) [REDACTED]   State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918) [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) [REDACTED] Nazi Germany (1941–1944) [REDACTED]   SFR Yugoslavia (1944–1991) [REDACTED]   Slovenia 1991–Present Ptuj

551-506: The mouth of the Enns , the ancient Anisus ). Knowledge of Roman Noricum has been decisively expanded by the work of Richard Knabl , an Austrian epigrapher of the 19th century. The transition from Roman to barbarian rule in Noricum is well documented in Eugippius ' Life of Saint Severinus , providing material for analogies for this process in other regions where primary sources from

580-569: The nature of the language. The kingdom of Noricum was a major provider of weaponry for the Roman army from the mid-Republic onwards. Roman swords were made of the best-quality steel then available from this region, the chalybs Noricus . The strength of steel is determined by its composition and heat treatment. The wrought iron produced in the Greco-Roman world was too soft for tools and weapons. Ore from Noricum, by contrast, could yield

609-442: The period are lacking. In 1919, Heinrich Lammasch , the last prime minister of Imperial Austria, proposed to give the young republic the name of Norische Republik or Noric Republic , because the ancient borders were similar to those of the new state, which—at the time—did not wish to be considered the heir of the Habsburg monarchy, but an independent, neutral and peaceful state. Episcopal sees of Noricum that are now listed in

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638-413: The province. Under Diocletian (245–313), Noricum was divided into Noricum ripense ("Noricum along the river", the northern part southward from the Danube ), and Noricum mediterraneum ("landlocked Noricum", the southern, more mountainous district). The dividing line ran along the central part of the eastern Alps. Each division was under a praeses , and both belonged to the diocese of Illyricum in

667-691: The same year. Poetovium was the base-camp of Legio XIII Gemina where it had its legionary fortress or castrum . The name originated in the times of Emperor Trajan , who granted the settlement city status and named it Colonia Ulpia Traiana Poetovio in 103. The patristic writer Victorinus was Bishop of Poetovio before his martyrdom in 303 or 304. The Caesar Constantius Gallus was divested of his imperial robe and arrested in Poetovio before his subsequent execution in Pola (354) (Amm.Marc. Hist. XIV) The battle of Poetovio in 388 saw Theodosius I 's victory over

696-665: The usurper, Maximus. The city had 40,000 inhabitants until it was plundered by the Huns in 450. In 570 the city was occupied by Eurasian Avars and Slavic tribes . Ptuj became part of the Frankish Empire after the fall of the Avar state at the end of 8th century. Between 840 and 874 it belonged to the Slavic Balaton Principality of Pribina and Kocelj . Between 874 and 890 Ptuj gradually came under

725-748: Was demonstrated in 113 BC, when Teutones invaded Noricum. In response, the Roman consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo led an army over the Alps to attack the tribes at the Noreia . Noricum was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 16 BC. For a long time previously, the Noricans had enjoyed independence under princes of their own and carried on commerce with the Romans. In 48 BC they took the side of Julius Caesar in

754-508: Was dispossessed and deported. Their homes were taken over by German speakers from South Tyrol and Gottschee County , who had themselves been evicted according to an agreement between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . These German immigrants, along with the native German Pettauer , were expelled to Austria in 1945; many later settled in North America . Since 1945, Ptuj has been populated almost completely by Slovenes . Ptuj

783-531: Was included into the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( Yugoslavia ). During the interwar period , the number and the percentage of those identifying as Germans in the city, which was renamed Ptuj, decreased rapidly, although a relatively strong ethnic German minority remained. After the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Ptuj was occupied by Nazi Germany . From 1941 to 1944 the town's Slovenian population

812-707: Was officially incorporated into the Duchy of Styria in 1555. Pettau was a battleground during the Ottoman wars in Europe and suffered from fires in 1684, 1705, 1710, and 1744. Its population and importance began to decline in the 19th century, however, after the completion of the Vienna - Trieste route of the Austrian Southern Railway , as the line went through Marburg (Maribor) instead. According to

841-483: Was used as a perfume according to Pliny the Elder . The inhabitants developed a culture rich in art, salt mining, cattle breeding, and agriculture. When part of the area became a Roman province , the Romans introduced water management and the already important trade relations between the people north and south of the Alps increased. Archaeological research, particularly in the cemeteries of Hallstatt , has shown that

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