The Schiessbecher (alternatively: Schießbecher ) - literally "shooting cup" - was a German grenade launcher of World War II .
56-472: A Gewehrgranatgerät ("rifle grenade device") based on rifle grenade launcher models designed during World War I it fitted to the end of a rifle, the grenade being propelled by a special rifle cartridge. The Schiessbecher was introduced in 1942 and intended to replace all previous rifle grenade launcher models in use by German armed forces. The Schiessbecher rifle grenade launcher could be used against infantry, fortifications and light armored vehicles up to
112-707: A caliber of 30 mm (1.2 in ) and a length of 250 mm (9.8 in). It weighed 750 g (26 oz ) and could be attached to weapons chambered for 7.92mm Mauser ammunition like the Karabiner 98k , Karabiner 98a and G98/40 version of the Hungarian 35M bolt-action rifles or the FG 42 automatic rifle A rather complicated aiming device was mounted to the left of the original sights and allowed for aiming ranges from 0 of up to 250 m (270 yd) in 25 m (27 yd) increments. The Schiessbecher
168-488: A grenade launcher or combination rifle/grenade launcher. The criticism of this doctrine is that if the grenadiers in a group are disabled or separated from the group, then the group has completely lost the grenade launcher as a heavy fire support. With the addition of rifle grenades, each soldier would be equipped with a small number of rifle grenades, so every individual soldier could have some form of heavy firepower. However, all of these rifle grenades add additional weight to
224-598: A blank cartridge inserted into the chamber of the rifle. And, the newer "bullet trap" and "shoot through" types, as their names imply use live ammunition. The M31 HEAT rifle grenade is a fin-stabilized anti-tank rifle grenade designed in the late 1950s to replace the Belgian ENERGA rifle grenade which was adopted by the US Army and US Marines as an emergency stop-gap measure during the Korean War. Compared to
280-685: A cup-type grenade launcher (the Type 100), discharged by a lightweight mortar-like projector (the Type 89 grenade discharger , or knee mortar ). or fitted with tail-fin assembly and fired from a spigot-type rifle grenade launcher. The spigot-type grenade launchers were used by Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces to launch an anti-tank (hollow-charge) finned grenade. They were also used to propel Type 91 hand grenades fitted with tail-fin assemblies. These grenades had wood-bulleted launching cartridges stored in their tail-fin assemblies. The cartridges are fired from
336-425: A cup-type launcher attached to the muzzle of the gun to launch various less lethal grenade types. A golf ball launcher is a cup-type launcher which is used for sport or recreational purposes. These launchers will shoot a standard golf ball over 250 yards (230 m) with little to no recoil. These launchers are designed to replace an AR-15 type rifle's flash hider. There's also a soda/beer can launcher. Unlike
392-437: A dedicated grenade launcher , a rifle grenade: However: Compared to a rocket launcher , a rifle grenade: However: Gas check A gas check is a gasket type component of firearms ammunition . Gas checks are used when non- jacketed bullets are used in high pressure cartridges . The use of a gas check inhibits the buildup of lead in the barrel and improves accuracy. Gas checks are most commonly found in
448-468: A long stem projecting from the rear of the grenade, which was slipped into the barrel of the Springfield 1903 rifle, and propelled with a special blank cartridge . The stem was calibrated with a number of grooves and a split ring, which allowed the user to set the grenade to slide a certain distance into the muzzle of the rifle. When the stem was inserted only part way, the chamber pressure upon firing
504-427: A metallic rod attached to the base. They were developed before World War I. To use: If the soldier does not immediately launch the grenade, it will time out and explode. It was later found that the repeated launching of rod grenades caused damage to a rifle's barrel and the rod-type rifle grenade fell from favor. The cup-type launcher replaced the rod-type rifle grenade during World War I. This soup-can shaped launcher
560-577: A minute, providing a heavy barrage to break up an attacker's lines. Upon entering World War I, the United States attempted to adopt the V-B grenade, but this was not very successful. The difference in bore diameter between the French and American service cartridges (8 mm (0.31 in) vs. 7.62 mm (0.300 in)) meant that the grenade had to be re-designed with a smaller hole, but even this
616-412: A much smaller supply of suitable bullets—often just a single full metal jacket bullet design in the weight used by the military loading. Custom made bullets also allow the bullet to be carefully sized to match the bore, which can vary considerably in surplus rifles, and provide both more accuracy and more flexibility. Gas checks allow these bullets to be pushed to higher velocities without undue fouling of
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#1732791415987672-414: A range of 280 m (306 yd). For these differing tasks, several specialized grenades with accompanying special propelling cartridges were developed for the 1,450,113 produced Schiessbecher rifle grenade launchers. The rifle grenade-propelling cartridges fired a wooden projectile through the barrel to the rifle grenade that, upon impact, automatically primed the rifle grenade. The Schiessbecher could be mounted on
728-461: A range of 280 m (310 yd ). For these differing tasks several specialized grenades with accompanying special propelling cartridges were developed for the Schiessbecher . The rifle grenade propelling cartridges fired a wooden projectile through the barrel to the rifle grenade that upon impact automatically primed the rifle grenade. The Schiessbecher had a short rifled barrel with
784-509: A result, this design was not adopted by any other nation. Today, it can be seen as an early, if unsuccessful ancestor of modern under-barrel grenade launchers such as the M203 . The Japanese military continued to experiment with rifle and hand-thrown grenades between the wars and would adopt a family of fragmentation grenades with almost universal adaptability. Introduced in 1931, the Type 91 fragmentation grenade could be thrown by hand, fired from
840-602: A seal and prevents the propellant gas leakage that causes gas cutting, and helps the bullet grip the rifling . While most commercial cartridges operating at high pressure use jacketed bullets, gas checked bullets are popular with "handloaders" who can recycle lead to make cast bullets , and then must only pay for the gas check. Custom lead bullets, such as those for obsolete calibers, wildcat cartridges , or for special purposes, are easily made with inexpensive casting or swaging equipment. In contrast, manufacturing jacketed bullets requires far more expensive equipment to draw
896-407: A standard cartridge, providing an effective range of around 175 to 200 yd (160 to 183 m). The grenade had a hollow through the middle, allowing the bullet to pass through, while the muzzle blast was captured by the launching device and used to propel the grenade. The bullet, after passing through the body of the grenade, struck a small plate that ignited the primer. This then lit the fuse in
952-476: Is approximately 100 yd (91 m). In 1940, Britain put the first anti-tank grenade into the field during World War II the No. 68 AT grenade , which was one of the first "of any" type anti-tank weapons with a shaped charge or high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) type warhead. The design of the warhead was simple and could penetrate 52 mm (2.0 in) of armor in 1940. The simple fins gave it some stability in
1008-458: Is attached to a rifle's muzzle. The cup-type launcher could launch a standard hand-grenade or a purpose built cup-type grenade. To use: The cup-type launcher has the advantage of using standard hand-grenades. However, the need to load a blank cartridge into the rifle's chamber in order to launch the grenade proved to be clumsy in combat. This difficulty lead to the development the French "Vivien and Bessières" shoot-through grenade (or VB grenade). As
1064-499: Is in obsolete military rifles. Many of these rifles used calibers that were unique to the rifle; low levels of commercial production and dwindling supplies of surplus ammunition quickly result in high ammunition prices. Many of these rifles use unusual bore diameters; for example, both the British 7.7×56mmR and Soviet 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridges use bore diameters larger than US .30 caliber (7.62 mm) standard bullets, resulting in
1120-507: Is propelled by a blank cartridge inserted into the chamber of the rifle. A 22 mm (0.87 in) grenade can range from powerful anti-tank rounds such as the M9 rifle grenade , to simple finned tubes with a fragmentation hand grenade attached to the end such as the M1 grenade adapter . The "22 mm (0.87 in)" refers to the diameter of the base tube which fits over the spigot of the launcher, not
1176-450: Is screwed onto an AK-47's muzzle. The maximum effective range is approximately 150 m (490 ft). The M16 has a similar device used to launch tear-gas hand-grenades. On 10 April 2021, during 2021 Myanmar protests , security forces killed at least 82 protesters in Bago town with rifle grenades. 1,180 g (42 oz) The rod-type rifle grenade is a standard hand grenade with
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#17327914159871232-554: The Japanese Type 06 advance grenades. These grenades were designed to be used by ordinary riflemen as opposed to specially trained grenadiers . For example, the MECAR rifle grenades are equipped with simple ballistic sights and have an effective range of 300 m (980 ft). Modern combined arms doctrine dictates that every infantry unit should have a certain percentage of dedicated grenadiers , or soldiers equipped with
1288-404: The trench warfare of World War I . In 1908, Frederick Marten Hale patented the rod grenade. "A simple rod was attached to a specialized grenade, inserted into the barrel of a standard service rifle and launched using a blank cartridge." The British did not immediately adopt the idea and entered World War I without any rifle grenades. However, as soon as the trench warfare started, there
1344-607: The 18th century, when cup-shaped dischargers were fitted to the barrels of flintlock muskets, with the grenades propelled by the force of a blank cartridge. During the early 20th century a Japanese Colonel Amazawa experimented with rifle fired grenades during the Battle of Port Arthur in the Russo-Japanese War , and the idea was further used by the Spanish, though the French were the first to put it to widespread use during
1400-709: The ENERGA, the M31 is slightly lighter in weight and has a smaller-diameter warhead—i.e. 75 mm (3.0 in) vs 66 mm (2.6 in). Penetration for the M31 is estimated to be 200 mm (7.9 in) for steel armor plating and twice that estimate for concrete. The bullet-trap rifle grenade became increasing popular in the post-war years, most notably the French AC58 anti-armor and APAV40 multi-purpose grenades. The 22 mm (0.87 in) rifle grenade launchers were further simplified, becoming an integral part of
1456-583: The Karabiner 98a, G98/40, StG 44, and FG 42 The Japanese would also adopt a version of the German Schiessbecher grenade launcher. The Type 2 rifle grenade launcher was an attachment for the Type 38 and Type 99 rifles that allowed them to fire special hollow charge grenades. Two grenades were produced for the launcher: a 30 mm (1.2 in) grenade and a larger, 40 mm (1.6 in) grenade, both designated Type 2. The launcher sits over
1512-554: The Second World War, Nazi Germany developed and fielded a propaganda rifle grenade ( Propaganda-Gewehrgranate ). It was designed for front-line troops to disperse propaganda leaflets via a rifle grenade that would disperse the printed material via a small ejecting charge. The advent of less lethal grenades for riot control has led to the creation of gun launched versions of these grenades, though they are typically launched by riot shotguns , not rifles. These systems use
1568-568: The United States armed forces, these 40 mm grenade launchers generally took the form of separate weapons, such as the M79 grenade launcher . Or, as an under-barrel attachment to an assault rifle , such as the M203 grenade launcher attached to an M16 rifle . Today, there is a return to the concept of the rifle grenade, such as the SIMON breach grenade , the IMI Refaim , FN Herstal Telgren and
1624-621: The air and detonation occurred on impact. In 1942, an attachable rifle grenade launcher called the Gewehrgranatengerät or Schiessbecher ('shooting cup') was introduced that was developed based on rifle grenade launcher models designed during World War I. The 30 mm (1.2 in) Schiessbecher cup-type rifle grenade launcher could be mounted on any Karabiner 98k and was intended to replace all previous rifle grenade launcher models. The rifle grenade launcher could be used against infantry, fortifications and light armored vehicles up to
1680-459: The cup launcher during the latter years of World War I". After World War I, the rod-type rifle grenade was declared obsolete and the remaining Hales were replaced with gas check equipped Mills Bombs shot from a rifle via a cup launcher. The French grenade, named the V-B grenade after its inventors, Viven and Bessières, was fired from the standard service rifle with the use of a special adapter and
1736-422: The diameter of the warhead section, which is much wider. After World War II, many countries adopted 22 mm (0.87 in) spigot-type launchers and anti-tank rifle grenades with shaped charge or high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warheads. The Belgian ENERGA anti-tank rifle grenade design in particular was widely adopted by Western nations. These post-war designs come in "standard" type which are propelled by
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1792-401: The end of the barrel, held in place with a clamping device. A special crimped blank cartridge or wooden bullet is used to fire the grenades. In the years just before World War II, the United States adopted the spigot-type 22 mm rifle grenade launchers . These 22 mm (0.87 in) launchers are attached to a rifles muzzle, in the form of a detachable adapter. As with most rifle grenades, it
1848-604: The form of a thin cup or disc made of a ductile metal. Copper , zinc , aluminum , and alloys such as brass have been used. A bullet designed to accept a gas check has a rebated base shank which permits attachment of the check without altering the maximum diameter of the bullet. The shallow cup-shaped check is mechanically attached to the reduced shank of the bullet by swaging . High pressures, such as those commonly encountered in maximum loadings of magnum revolver cartridges or rifle cartridges, often result in significant problems when coupled with cast or swaged lead bullets. It
1904-469: The front, the British also made rodded versions of the Mills bomb . Although a simple approach, launching a rod grenade "...placed an extreme amount of stress on the rifle barrel and the rifle itself, resulting in the need to dedicate specific rifles to the grenade launching role, as they quickly became useless as an accurate firearm. This led to the search for an alternative and resulted in the reappearance of
1960-509: The golf ball launcher that screws onto the end of the barrel, where the AR-15 family of rifles' flash hider attaches, the can launcher tube is fitted directly to the AR-15 upper receiver and is the entire barrel assembly. Both the golf ball launcher and can launcher require the use of blank ammunition. Compared to a standard hand-grenade , a rifle grenade: However, a rifle grenade: Compared to
2016-547: The grenade had a heavy plunger that would detonate the grenade upon impact. After World War I, the rifle grenade was steadily modified to increase its effectiveness when launched from a rifle. In 1928, the Italian Army adopted an unusual cup-type 38.5 mm (1.52 in) rifle grenade launcher bolted to the side of a normal Carcano 6.5 mm carbine, the Moschetto di Fanteria Mod. 91/28 con Tromboncino . In use,
2072-515: The grenade, providing an eight-second delay before detonation. It could be fired from the shoulder, but due to the heavy recoil and poor balance of the rifle fitted with the grenade, it was more common to fire it with the butt of the rifle resting on the ground, and either held at an appropriate angle, or resting on a tripod. The rifle grenade was useful in offense, particularly in attacking sandbag fortified machine gun nests, as well as in defense. Eight men armed with rifle grenades could fire 150 shots in
2128-403: The grenade. After the grenade was launched, the chamber was opened, ejecting the spent cartridge case and making the bullet fall out. The necessity of changing the rifle bolt kept the rifle out of use until the bolt could be replaced, a slow and clumsy procedure. The bolt-changing procedure could also result in lost rifle bolts in the heat of battle, putting the weapon out of action completely. As
2184-450: The jackets and swage in the core, so is generally limited to commercial projectile producers. As a result, although it is possible for hobbyists to manufacture jacketed bullets, many of them take the easier option and use gas checked bullets instead. The most common use of gas checks are found in .44 Magnum , .357 Magnum , and 10mm Auto which were developed from non-magnum cartridges by firearm enthusiasts such as Elmer Keith . By loading
2240-429: The large capacity cases designed for black powder with large charges of smokeless powder , velocities well in excess of 1000 ft/s (300 m/s) were produced from handguns for the first time. At these velocities and pressures traditional soft lead bullets would quickly foul the barrel with lead deposits, so gas checked bullets were used in these experimental cartridges. The other common use of gas checked bullets
2296-411: The more common cup designs it is a gas trap system, meaning that it incorporates a barrel extension which taps off excess propellant gases to launch the grenade from a cup offset from the barrel. This has the advantage that standard rifle cartridges could be used along with the standard hand-grenades which simplified logistics, at the expense of increased weight and decreased efficiency. The effective range
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2352-402: The name implies, these grenades allow for the use of standard ball ammunition. The VB grenade has a hole through the middle that permits the passage of a standard bullet; this arms the grenade, the expanding gasses launch the grenade, and the grenade explodes 8 seconds later. This removes the need to provide a special blank round to launch the grenade. To use: The 22mm type rifle grenade launcher
2408-491: The rifle and the wooden bullets are trapped by the tail-fin assemblies launching and arming the grenades. These launchers are not numbered, and production figures are not available and examples of spigot grenade launchers are rarely encountered. In 1939, the Japanese introduced the Type 89 grenade discharger , the Type 91 fragmentation grenade was fitted with a propellant base and time fuse. It did not explode upon contact, but
2464-474: The rifle itself. All current NATO rifles are capable of launching STANAG 22 mm (0.87 in) rifle grenades from their flash hiders without the use of an adapter. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, rifle grenades and their launchers were slowly replaced by disposable single shot rocket launchers such as the M72 LAW (light anti-tank weapon) , and dedicated 40 mm grenade launchers . First seen in
2520-411: The rifle's bolt was removed and installed in the launcher chamber. The rifle was placed butt-first against the ground, a grenade loaded down the launcher's muzzle and standard rifle round loaded into the grenade launcher's chamber. When fired, the bullet was trapped, the neck of the cartridge case expanded and the gases passed into launcher's barrel through four holes providing the energy needed to launch
2576-458: The soldiers' war-load, and as a consequence they must reduce the amount of rifle ammunition that they carry. For example, a modern French AC58 "bullet trap" rifle grenade weighs 0.5 kg (1.1 lb), the equivalent of a loaded M16 STANAG magazine. The AK-47 can mount the Kalashnikov cup-type grenade-launcher that uses standard Soviet RGD-5 hand-grenades. The soup-can shaped launcher
2632-421: The target. Although the Type 89 could be fired by a single person, it was typically operated with a crew of 3, enabling it to reach a rate of fire of about 25 rounds per minute. In 1939, the Japanese also introduced the Type 100 grenade discharger for the Type 38 and Type 99 Arisaka rifles. It launches standard Type 91 and Type 99 hand-grenades. The launcher is somewhat unusual in that rather than using
2688-443: The term "rifle grenade" now encompassing many different types of payloads including high explosive , fragmentation , anti-tank warheads , concussion , smoke , incendiary , and flare missiles. Rifle grenades have largely been supplanted in the infantry fire support role by a combination of grenade launchers (typically affixed to rifles) and disposable anti-armor rockets . Adaptation of grenades for use in rifles began around
2744-474: The use of live ammunition. All modern 22mm rifle grenades explode on impact. All Standard issue NATO rifles are capable of launching STANAG type 22mm rifle grenades from their integral flash hiders without the use of an adapter. Modern bullet-trap rifle grenades such as the French APAV40 can be fired as fast as a soldier can place a grenade on an FAMAS rifle's muzzle and pull the trigger. To use: During
2800-515: Was a sudden need for rifle grenades. The British government purchased a rodded variant of the No 2 grenade as a temporary solution. By 1915, Hales had developed the No 3, which is commonly known as the Hales rifle grenade . The Hales grenade was improved throughout World War I to make it more reliable and easier to manufacture. However, production of the grenade was slow. In order to speed rod grenades to
2856-411: Was designed to ignite its fuse while in flight. A weak creep spring inside the grenade firing mechanism allowed the firing pin to be thrown back upon launching, igniting a time fuse with a 7-8 second delay. Using this system, the Type 91 grenades could be launched through jungle cover or through small openings without the danger of premature detonation in the event the grenade struck an object on its way to
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#17327914159872912-439: Was developed before World War II. This type of launcher is attached to a rifle's muzzle and allows for the use of a wide range of rifle grenades, from powerful anti-tank rounds to simple finned tubes with a fragmentation hand-grenade attached to the end. These rifle grenades come in "standard" type, which are propelled by a blank cartridge inserted into the chamber of the rifle; or, "bullet trap" and "shoot through" types, which allow
2968-414: Was long thought that the high temperatures melted the base of the bullet, but this is no longer thought to be the case. Instead, the high pressures allow propellant gas to escape past the bullet, causing gas cutting, which increases lead deposits in the barrel and unbalances the bullet. A gas check provides a thin layer of harder but still malleable metal on the base of the bullet that obturates to provide
3024-472: Was not sufficient to ensure reliable functioning, due to differences in bullet design. The American bullet would often break apart in the grenade, and this led to the V-B derived grenade design being scrapped in May 1918. The next United States attempt at a rifle grenade was to return to and develop an improved rod-grenade. The Babbitt grenade, developed by Colonel E. B. Babbitt of the U.S. Ordnance Department, used
3080-416: Was produced until May 1944. The total production was 1,450,114. Rifle grenade A rifle grenade is a grenade that uses a rifle -based launcher to permit a longer effective range than would be possible if the grenade were thrown by hand. The practice of projecting grenades with rifle-mounted launchers was first widely used during World War I and World War II and continues to the present, with
3136-421: Was reduced, propelling the grenade a shorter distance. When fired at a 45-degree angle, ranges from 50 to 300 yd (46 to 274 m) were possible; with the rifle angled at 80 degrees, ranges as short as 15 yd (14 m) were possible. In addition to providing the force to propel the grenade, the gases from firing were directed through a hollow in the stem, and provided force to arm the grenade. Once armed,
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