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34-643: Schwaben Creek is a tributary of Mahanoy Creek in Northumberland County , Pennsylvania , in the United States . Schwaben Creek is approximately 12.4 miles (20.0 km) long. The creek has two named tributaries, which both join Schwaben Creek fairly close to its mouth. The tributaries are called Middle Creek and Mouse Creek. Schwaben Creek flows through Upper Mahanoy Township, Washington Township, and Jackson Township. Nearly all of

68-614: A layer of buff and yellow colored rock passes through the Schwaben Creek watershed. Schwaben Creek used to also be known as Himmels Creek, or Greenbriar Creek. Schwaben Creek takes its name from the German region of Swabia (German: Schwaben ). The name reflects the homeland of the area's settlers. A similarly named, but otherwise unrelated, Swabia Creek exists in Berks and Lehigh Counties, Pennsylvania, about 75 miles east of Schwaben Creek. A large number of furniture pieces were made in

102-445: A manner that will protect the commonwealth's natural resources and the environment. This office regulates oil and gas development and production; plugs abandoned and orphaned wells causing health, safety, and environmental problems; oversees the oil and gas permitting and inspection programs; develops statewide regulations and standards; and conducts training programs for industry. The Bureau of Oil and Gas Planning and Program Management

136-416: A mile from the latter creek's confluence with Mahanoy Creek. Townships in the Schwaben Creek watershed include Washington Township and Upper Mahanoy Township . The total area of the creek's watershed is 22.48 square miles. The watershed has a total of 47.7 miles (76.8 km) stream distance. Approximately 55% of the land in the Schwaben Creek watershed is devoted to agriculture . An additional 41% of

170-400: A new river, to be given its own name, perhaps one already known to the people who live upon its banks. Conversely, explorers approaching a new land from the sea encounter its rivers at their mouths, where they name them on their charts, then, following a river upstream, encounter each tributary as a forking of the stream to the right and to the left, which then appear on their charts as such; or

204-436: A total of twenty known species of fish in the creek near the community of Red Cross . There are few or no riparian buffers in the parts of Schwaben Creek that are in agricultural land. Tributary A tributary , or an affluent , is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ( main stem or "parent" ), river, or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean . Tributaries, and

238-546: Is housed here. The deputy secretary for Water Management plans, directs, and coordinates departmental programs associated with the management and protection of the commonwealth's water resources; coordinates policies, procedures, and regulations that influence public water supply withdrawals and quality, sewage facilities planning, point source municipal and industrial discharges, encroachments upon waterways and wetlands, dam safety, earth disturbance activities, and control of stormwater and non-point source pollution; and coordinates

272-447: Is located in the ridge-and-valley physiographic province. The rocks on the surface of the creek's watershed are primarily interbedded sedimentary rock . The main soil group is the C group. Erosion channels are present in impaired parts of the streams in the Schwaben Creek watershed. The streambanks of many streams in the watershed are also eroded. A rock formation consisting of coarse white or light gray sandstone on top of

306-412: Is responsible for the state's land, air, and water management programs, all aspects of environmental protection, and the regulation of mining operations. The secretary of Environmental Protection, appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state Senate , heads the department. The secretary is ultimately responsible for all policy and resource allocation decisions. The secretary represents DEP before

340-488: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection . The exception is the headwaters of Schwaben Creek's tributary, Middle Creek. Schwaben Creek, along with Little Mahanoy Creek , are the only tributaries of Mahanoy Creek that are not affected by the mining industry. The average elevation in the Schwaben Creek watershed is 819 feet (250 m) above sea level . The creek and its entire watershed

374-918: The Office of Field Operations; and the Office of Oil and Gas Management. It also oversees the Office of Program Integration and the Environmental Emergency Response Program. The six regional offices located in Norristown , Harrisburg , Williamsport , Wilkes-Barre , Pittsburgh , and Meadville provide permitting, inspection, enforcement, and other field services for environmental protection programs. The regional offices are responsible for implementing Department programs through permitting, inspection, enforcement, and other field services for environmental and public health protection; program and technical support to Pennsylvania's 66 conservation districts; and compliance assistance to

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408-509: The Schwaben Creek valley in the very late 18th century and early 1800s. The furniture was made by Pennsylvania German inhabitants, including Johannes Mayer . The types of furniture included blanket chests , chests of drawers , and cupboards . The 2013 book Encyclopedia of American Folk Art called the furniture from the Schwaben Creek valley "the most exuberant and unique paint-decorated furniture". An eastward-running road between Sunbury and Paxtang Road (also known as Tulpehocken Road)

442-512: The bureaus of Office Services, Human Resources, Information Technology, and Laboratories, and the DEP Grants Center and Small Businesses Ombudsman's Office. The executive deputy secretary for Programs is responsible for coordinating department-wide programmatic priorities, policies, and actions within the Office of Waste, Air, Radiation, and Remediation; the Office of Water Management; the Office of Active and Abandoned Mine Operations;

476-421: The community of Red Cross. The creek then turns northwest and flows under Pennsylvania Route 225 to enter Mahanoy Creek. Middle Creek is one tributary of Schwaben Creek. Middle Creek flows into Schwaben Creek approximately three quarters of the way from the source to the mouth. Mouse Creek is another tributary of Schwaben Creek. It has a drainage area of 7.1 square miles. The creek joins Schwaben Creek about half

510-553: The creek flows northwest to pass by the Himmels Church, where it picks up its tributary Middle Creek. It then flows westward past the community of Rebuck, and the Rebuck Church before turning southwest and then west again. The creek's valley begins getting wider as it passes St. Peters Church and leaves Washington Township. Schwaben Creek then enters Jackson Township , where it bends southwards, picking up Mouse Creek at

544-647: The creek's watershed is devoted to agricultural land and forests, although there is some development. Painted furniture was also made in the Schwaben Creek valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. The creek is in the ridge-and-valley geographical province. Schwaben Creek starts in Mahanoy Township , south of Line Mountain. The creek flows westward through a valley, going past the communities of Leck Kill and Greenbrier before exiting Mahanoy Township. Upon exiting Mahanoy Township, Schwaben Creek flows into Washington Township . Shortly after entering Washington Township,

578-444: The first-order tributary being typically the least in size. For example, a second-order tributary would be the result of two or more first-order tributaries combining to form the second-order tributary. Another method is to list tributaries from mouth to source, in the form of a tree structure , stored as a tree data structure . Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection The Department of Environmental Resources

612-451: The handedness is from the point of view of an observer facing upstream. For instance, Steer Creek has a left tributary which is called Right Fork Steer Creek. These naming conventions are reflective of the circumstances of a particular river's identification and charting: people living along the banks of a river, with a name known to them, may then float down the river in exploration, and each tributary joining it as they pass by appears as

646-424: The joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary , a river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often found in river deltas . Right tributary , or right-bank tributary , and left tributary , or left-bank tributary , describe the orientation of the tributary relative to the flow of the main stem river. These terms are defined from

680-545: The land consists of forests . 3% of the land in the watershed is termed "low-intensity development" by the Environmental Protection Agency . 2,963 acres (1,199 ha) of the Schwaben Creek watershed consist of pastures and similar land. 5,019 acres (2,031 ha) of the watershed are devoted to cropland . 5,950 acres (2,408 ha) are devoted to forest. 378 acres (153 ha) are devoted to low-intensity development. 49 acres (20 ha) of

714-825: The legislative branch, those affected by DEP action, and the general public. The secretary also manages the Policy Office, Office of Pollution Prevention and Energy Assistance, the Citizens Advisory Council, Office of Communications, the Environmental Education & Information Center, the Legislative Office, the director of External Affairs, and the Office of Environmental Justice. The executive deputy secretary for Administration and Management provides all Department support services. This executive deputy secretary oversees

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748-595: The main stem river into which they flow, drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater , leading the water out into an ocean. The Irtysh is a chief tributary of the Ob river and is also the longest tributary river in the world with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi). The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in the world with an average discharge of 31,200 m /s (1.1 million cu ft/s). A confluence , where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to

782-469: The opposite bank before approaching the confluence. An early tributary is a tributary that joins the main stem river closer to its source than its mouth, that is, before the river's midpoint ; a late tributary joins the main stem further downstream, closer to its mouth than to its source, that is, after the midpoint. In the United States, where tributaries sometimes have the same name as

816-476: The perspective of looking downstream, that is, facing the direction the water current of the main stem is going. In a navigational context, if one were floating on a raft or other vessel in the main stream, this would be the side the tributary enters from as one floats past; alternately, if one were floating down the tributary, the main stream meets it on the opposite bank of the tributary. This information may be used to avoid turbulent water by moving towards

850-518: The planning, design, and construction of flood protection and stream improvement projects. The bureaus of Conservation and Restoration, Waterways Engineering and Wetlands, Point and Non-Point Source Regulation, and Safe Drinking Water and the Office of Interstate Waters are housed here. The deputy secretary for Active and Abandoned Mine Operations is responsible for developing and implementing Pennsylvania's policies and programs for surface and underground coal and industrial mineral mining, mine safety, and

884-577: The reclamation of abandoned mines. This deputy secretary oversees the bureaus of Mining Programs, District Mining Operations, Mine Safety, and Abandoned Mine Reclamation. The deputy secretary for Waste, Air, Radiation, and Remediation plans, directs and coordinates the department's programs related to air quality, waste management, radiation protection, and environmental cleanup. The bureaus of Waste Management, Radiation Protection, Air Quality, and Environmental Cleanup & Brownfields are housed here. The chief counsel provides legal representation for all of

918-510: The regulated community. The deputy secretary for Oil and Gas Management directs, coordinates, and oversees the permitting and regulation of the oil and gas industry within the Commonwealth, and is responsible for the development and administration of the regulation of statewide oil and gas conservation and environmental management programs to facilitate the safe exploration, development, and recovery of Pennsylvania's oil and gas reserves in

952-666: The river into which they feed, they are called forks . These are typically designated by compass direction. For example, the American River in California receives flow from its North, Middle, and South forks. The Chicago River 's North Branch has the East, West, and Middle Fork; the South Branch has its South Fork, and used to have a West Fork as well (now filled in). Forks are sometimes designated as right or left. Here,

986-418: The smaller stream designated the little fork, the larger either retaining its name unmodified, or receives the designation big . Tributaries are sometimes listed starting with those nearest to the source of the river and ending with those nearest to the mouth of the river . The Strahler stream order examines the arrangement of tributaries in a hierarchy of first, second, third and higher orders, with

1020-446: The smallest contributors of sediment to Schwaben Creek, contributing 45 pounds (20 kg) and 15 pounds (6.8 kg) per day, respectively. The average annual rainfall over a 19-year period in the Schwaben Creek watershed is 39.3 inches (1,000 mm). The average annual runoff over a 19-year period in the watershed is 3.11 inches (79 mm). Almost all of the streams in the Schwaben Creek watershed are considered "impaired" by

1054-432: The streams are seen to diverge by the cardinal direction (north, south, east, or west) in which they proceed upstream, sometimes a third stream entering between two others is designated the middle fork; or the streams are distinguished by the relative height of one to the other, as one stream descending over a cataract into another becomes the upper fork, and the one it descends into, the lower ; or by relative volume:

Schwaben Creek - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-895: The watershed are devoted to unpaved roads . 20 acres (8 ha) are labeled as "transition" by the Environmental Protection Agency. 7 acres (3 ha) of the watershed consist of wetlands . The Himmel's Church Covered Bridge crosses Schwaben Creek at Rebuck . It was built in 1874. A total of 30,085 pounds (13,646 kg) of sediment flow through Schwaben Creek per day. This equates to 10,980,800 pounds (4,980,800 kg) per year. 25,561 pounds (11,594 kg) per day comes from cropland and 2,618 pounds (1,188 kg) per day come from stream banks . 835 pounds (379 kg) per day come from pastures, 701 pounds (318 kg) per day comes from forests, and 310 pounds (140 kg) per day comes from unpaved roads. Land with low intensity development and land in transition are

1122-542: Was created by Act 275 of 1970, which abolished the Department of Forest and Waters. The Department of Forest and Waters was created by the General Assembly in 1901. The Department of Environmental Protection is charged with the responsibility for development of a balanced ecological system incorporating social, cultural, and economic needs of the commonwealth through development and protection. The department

1156-411: Was laid out in 1788. The road was 10 miles (16 km) long and was built by Andrew Reitz, Frederick Knoebel , George Pfeiffer, John Nicholas Hettrick, John Nicholas Snyder, and Michael Roth. Schwaben Creek has been recognized as an impaired watershed since 2002. Schwaben Creek is stocked with trout each year between February 15 and July 31. Livestock have access to parts of the creek. There are

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