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56-616: The museum archive holds periodicals dating from 1896 and a collection of photographs, videos, films, sound recordings, autographs, art works, and ephemera. Its library holds approximately 20,000 books on homosexuality. The museum was first located at Mehringdamm 61 in Kreuzberg when it was founded in 1985, and since the summer of 2013, it has been located in a former printing factory (1,600 m) at Lützowstraße 73 in Berlin-Mitte , more than doubling its exhibition space. The impetus for

112-611: A shooting incident at a synagogue in Halle. The Federal Prosecutor (Generalbundesanwalt) classified the attack as an act of right-wing terrorism stemming from antisemitism ; as a consequence security measures at Jewish facilities were increased. Halle has a population of about 238,000 and is the largest city in Saxony-Anhalt State. In the East Germany era, Halle had a lot of big industry with many workplaces. At

168-486: A part of Berlin) to Halle upon Saale and Leipzig traverses the quarter of Tempelhofer Vorstadt (Bezirksregion II {borough region II} of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg ) from north to south on a length of 3 km (1.9 mi). Before it was paved, horses and coaches going up the highway to the level of the Teltow Plateau , rising between Bergmannstraße and Fidicinstraße by 14 m (46 ft), rutted

224-486: A royal Most-Supreme Cabinet Order (Allerhöchste Cabinets-Ordre) all streets newly laid out right and left of Belle-Alliance-Straße were named after battles won against Napoleon and commanders who distinguished themselves in these battles. In the 1880s, the street became an avenue by planting nettle trees in the section between Yorckstraße and Dudenstraße, with some of them – such as near Fidicinstraße junction – still standing, meanwhile under nature protection. Since 1896,

280-482: Is independent politician Bernd Wiegand since 2012. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 October 2019, with a runoff held on 27 October, and the results were as follows: The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Salt, also known as white gold , was extracted from four "Borns" (well-like structures). The four Borns/brine named Gutjahrbrunnen, Meteritzbrunnen, Deutscher Born and Hackeborn, were located around

336-425: Is an important radio hub - Halle Radio Tower is Germany's second-tallest lattice tower, and at night many public German radio stations from all over the country switch to the broadcasting center of Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk in Halle which is responsible for the night program. The Halle tramway is one of the most extensive German tramway networks, and Halle (Saale) Hauptbahnhof is the second-most important hub of

392-666: Is an international airport located in Schkeuditz, Saxony, and serves both Leipzig, Saxony, and Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. As of 2018 it is Germany's 11th largest airport by passengers, handling more than 2.57 million mainly with flights to European leisure destinations. In terms of cargo traffic, the airport is the fifth-busiest in Europe and the second-busiest in Germany after Frankfurt Airport . The football team Hallescher FC Wacker 1900 had some regional importance before World War II. In

448-564: Is exhibited in the Halle State Museum of Prehistory . The city is the birthplace of composer George Frideric Handel , who was born in the Handel House that has been converted into a music museum. Halle (Saale) is located in the southern part of Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany, along the river Saale which drains the surrounding plains and the greater part of the neighboring Free State of Thuringia just to its south, and

504-585: Is one of the main economic and educational centers of Central Germany . The Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , with campuses in Halle and Wittenberg , is the largest university in Saxony-Anhalt and one of the oldest universities in Germany. The university hospital of Halle ( Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale) ) is the largest hospital in the state. The German National Academy of Sciences ( Leopoldina ) has its seat in Halle. Halle

560-658: Is one of the oldest boys' choirs in the world. The University of Halle was founded here in 1694. It is now combined with the University of Wittenberg and called the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg . The university's medical school was established by Friedrich Hoffmann . Its botanical garden , the Botanische Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , dates back to 1698. Halle's German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina

616-528: Is slightly more populous than the state capital, Magdeburg . With Leipzig, the largest city of Saxony , Halle forms the polycentric Leipzig-Halle conurbation. Leipzig/Halle International Airport lies between the two cities, in Schkeuditz . The Leipzig-Halle conurbation is at the heart of the larger Central German Metropolitan Region . Halle lies in the south of Saxony-Anhalt, in the Leipzig Bay ,

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672-640: Is the main railway station. Halle's prominence as a railway centre grew with the arrival of the Erfurt-Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway . Leipzig is also connected to this route, but since it is mostly a terminus station (the Leipzig City Tunnel , opened in 2013, is mostly used by suburban S-Bahn trains and unsuitable for the high-speed network) and the route via Halle is shorter, Halle is used as an intermediate stop by many Berlin-Munich trains. Leipzig/Halle Airport (opened in 1927)

728-621: Is the oldest and one of the most respected scientific societies in Germany. Halle is also home to Germany's oldest Protestant church library, known as the Marienbibliothek  [ de ] , with 27,000 titles. The seat of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology , one of the world's largest social anthropological research institutions and a part of the Max Planck Society , is in Halle. Halle

784-662: The Duchy of Magdeburg , while it was an important location for Martin Luther 's Reformation in the 16th century. Cardinal Albert of Mainz ( Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1513 to 1545) also impacted on the town in this period. According to historic documents, the city of Halle became a member of the Hanseatic League at least as early as 1281. Halle became a center for Pietism , a movement encouraged by King Frederick William I of Prussia (reigned 1713–1740) because it caused

840-654: The Germanic root for salt, and salt-harvesting has taken place in Halle since at least the Bronze Age (2300–600 BC). From 1965 to 1995, the official name was Halle/Saale . The earliest documented mention of Halle dates from AD 806. It became a part of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg in the 10th century and remained so until 1680, when the Margraviate of Brandenburg annexed it together with Magdeburg as

896-661: The Halloren is displayed occasionally at the Technical Museum Saline. It is a unique collection of silver and gold goblets dating back to 1266. The ancient craft of "Schausieden" (boiling of the brine) can be observed there too. The State Museum of Prehistory houses the Nebra sky disk , a significant Bronze-Age find with astronomical significance. Halle Zoo contributes to the EAZA breeding programme, in particular for

952-530: The Landwehr Canal , and to Wilhelmstraße beyond the canal. At Mehringdamm 61 you'll find the famous SchwulenZentrum, a gay center with gay cafe Melitta Sundström , the gay clubs SchwuZ and AHA and the gay museum Schwules Museum . 52°29′30″N 13°23′14″E  /  52.4917°N 13.3872°E  / 52.4917; 13.3872 Halle, Saxony-Anhalt Halle (Saale) , or simply Halle ( German: [ˈhalə] ; from

1008-525: The Magdeburg-Halle-Leipzig line , completing a connection between Magdeburg and Dresden . From 1841 to 1860, other lines to Erfurt , Kassel and Berlin followed. The centrepiece of Halle's urban public transport system is the Halle (Saale) tramway network . It includes the world's first major electric-powered inner-city tram line, which was opened in 1891. Halle (Saale) Hauptbahnhof

1064-594: The S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland rapid transit network after Leipzig Hauptbahnhof . The Saale-Elster Viaduct , the longest bridge in Germany and longest high-speed rail bridge in Europe, which is part of the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway , runs through the southern borough of Planena. The Nebra sky disc that was discovered in Nebra in the Unstrut valley between Halle and Erfurt ,

1120-562: The Soviet Union , France, Netherlands and other nations were forced to work in the Siebel aircraft plants, making combat aircraft. The plant was later dismantled. In Ammendorf , a large factory owned by Orgacid  [ de ] produced mustard gas . Near the end of World War II, there were two bombing raids carried out against the town: the first on 31 March 1945, the second a few days later. The first attack took place between

1176-685: The War of the Fourth Coalition , French and Prussian forces clashed in the Battle of Halle on 17 October 1806. The fighting moved from the covered bridges on the city's west side, through the streets and market place, to the eastern suburbs. In 1815 Halle became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony . During World War II , KZ-Außenlager Birkhahn , a subcamp of Buchenwald was in Halle, where prisoners from Poland, Czechoslovakia,

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1232-612: The electric tramway connected Treptow in the east and Berlin Zoological Garden in the west passing Belle-Alliance-Straße between Halle Gate and Yorckstraße. In 1924 and 1926, respectively, the Berlin underground opened the underground stations Belle-Alliance-Straße (Mehringdamm as of 1947) and Kreuzberg (Flughafen between 1937 and 1975; Platz der Luftbrücke since) on its north–south directed C line (aka Nord-Süd-Bahn; mostly today's U7 ). On 30 January 1944, in

1288-579: The 15th to the 17th century: Hall in Sachsen ; until the beginning of the 20th century: Halle an der Saale [ˈhalə ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈzaːlə] ; from 1965 to 1995: Halle/Saale ) is the largest city of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt . It is the fifth-most populous city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin , Leipzig , Dresden and Chemnitz , as well as the 31st-largest city of Germany. With around 244,000 inhabitants, it

1344-684: The Angolan lion and the Malaysian tiger . Halle is also known for its thriving coypu (or nutria) population, which is native to South America. With writers such as Heine , Eichendorff , Schleiermacher , Tieck and Novalis the town was a vibrant scene of the German Romanticism . Also Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a regular guest at the house of his close friend Johann Friedrich Reichardt . German-American expressionist painter Lyonel Feininger worked in Halle on an invitation by

1400-640: The Cup tournament in 1956 and 1962. The most prominent player was 72-times international Bernd Bransch , who was with Chemie in the 1960s and 1970s. These days, Hallescher FC usually plays in the third division. The general sports club SV Halle  [ de ] , originating from Chemie Halle , created a notable number of Olympic gold medallists and world champions, mainly in nautical and watersports, e.g., swimmer Kornelia Ender won four Olympic gold medals in 1976 and Andreas Hajek won four rowing world championships between 1998 and 2001. The basketball team of

1456-574: The German Championship Wacker reached the semi-finals in 1921, and the quarter-finals in 1928. The successor team became East German champions in 1949 and 1952 under the names of ZSG Union and BSG Turbine Halle . From these evolved today's Turbine Halle and Hallescher FC . In the era of the German Democratic Republic, the latter club (as Chemie Halle ) was a mainstay in the first division and won

1512-573: The Hallmarket (or "Under Market"), now a market square with a fountain, just across from the TV station, MDR . The brine was highly concentrated and boiled in Koten , simple structured houses made from reed and clay. Salters, who wore a unique uniform with eighteen silver buttons, were known as Halloren , and this name was later used for the chocolates in the shape of these buttons. The Halloren-Werke ,

1568-706: The Red Tower was set on fire by artillery and destroyed. The Market Church and the Church of St. George received more hits. However, the city was spared further damage because an aerial bombardment was canceled, after former naval officer Felix von Luckner negotiated the city's surrender to the American army. In July, the Americans withdrew and the city was occupied by the Red Army . After World War II, Halle served as

1624-457: The Reform of Sexual Law"). A continuing series of homages to LGBT people in public life has included Oscar Wilde , Marlene Dietrich , Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Michel Foucault and Thomas Mann . 52°29′27″N 13°23′16″E  /  52.49083°N 13.38778°E  / 52.49083; 13.38778 Mehringdamm The Mehringdamm is a street in southern Kreuzberg , Berlin. In

1680-531: The Thuringian basin, northwards from the Thuringian Forest . Leipzig, one of Germany's major cities, is only 35 kilometres (22 mi) away. Its area is 135.01 km (52.13 sq mi). Köppen climate classification classifies its climate as oceanic (Cfb). However, it is close to being a cold semi-arid climate (BSk). Using the most current climate data from April 2017 to March 2022,

1736-479: The adjacent cemeteries. On 16 February 1946, the Belle-Alliance-Straße and its then northern end, the square Belle-Alliance-Platz, were renamed Franz-Mehring-Straße and Franz-Mehring-Platz, on 31 July 1947 both names were simplified to Mehringdamm and Mehringplatz . Both are named after the socialist historian Franz Mehring . On the occasion of renaming, the numbering of the houses

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1792-433: The annual precipitation is 17 mm too much to be classified as a cold semi-arid climate. For example, using the climate data from September 2015 to August 2020, the climate would fulfill the requirements to be classified as a cold semi-arid climate. Notwithstanding, the great variation of annual precipitation between the years allows agriculture and large trees to grow, surviving recurring drought periods and years like in

1848-518: The area's large Lutheran population to be more inclined to Fredrick William I's religion ( Calvinism ), as well as more loyal to the Prussian king instead of to the decentralized feudal system. By the 1740s Halle had established many orphanages as well as schools for the wealthy in the sober style Pietism encouraged. This Halle education was the first time the "modern education" system was established. The Halle Pietists also combatted poverty. During

1904-492: The capital of the short-lived administrative region of Saxony-Anhalt until 1952, when the East German government abolished its "Länder" (states). As a part of East Germany (until 1990), it functioned as the capital of the administrative district ( Bezirk ) of Halle. When Saxony-Anhalt was re-established as a Bundesland in 1990, Magdeburg , not Halle, became the capital. On 9 October 2019, two people were killed in

1960-588: The city from 1929 to 1931. As one of eleven views of the city termed Halle Cycle , he painted in 1931 Die Türme über der Stadt (The towers above the city), which is now in the Museum Ludwig in Cologne. This painting appeared on a 55 eurocent stamp on 5 December 2002 as a part of the series "Deutsche Malerei des 20. Jahrhunderts" (German painting of the 20th century). Ludwig Wucherer made Halle an important rail hub in central Germany. In 1840 he opened

2016-697: The city's then 16 quarters, namely the Tempelhofer Vorstadt (i.e. Tempelhof-bound Suburb). On 27 November 1864 the Tempelhofer Straße was – in analogy to Belle-Alliance-Platz – renamed Belle-Alliance-Straße , thus spreading southwards the name of the First French Empire chief command post La Belle Alliance in the Battle of Waterloo , therefore named Battle of Belle Alliance in Prussian historiography. Following

2072-573: The club – these days known as Lions and focusing on the woman's team which plays in the national first division – won five men's and 10 women's championships of the German Democratic Republic. The Hallescher FC's location is extremely close to a train station. Halle is twinned with: Halle also has friendly relations with: Halle (Saale) and Leipzig are the two centres of the Central German Metropolitan Region with more than 2.4 million people. Magdeburg , which

2128-444: The course of the airborne Battle of Berlin , a British air raid destroyed much of the western alignment of houses on southern Belle-Alliance-Straße, also hitting southern Großbeerenstraße, parts of Victoria Park and Methfesselstraße. On 30 January 1945, a British night air raid destroyed many buildings around the northern end of the street, including Adolf Jandorf's former department store and Fontane's former house and many graves in

2184-616: The former Dragoons ' Barracks on Mehringdamm 20–25 (today's Tax Office) until up to the Tempelhof Field. With the gradual suburbanisation of the area south of the Belle-Alliance-Platz (Rondeel till 1815) outside of the Halle Gate denser construction started on today's Mehringdamm which was thus officially given a name on 20 April 1837, namely Tempelhofer Straße , after its next southern destination

2240-701: The founding of the Schwules Museum was a successful exhibition on gay topics at the Berlin Märkisches Museum in summer 1984, called " Eldorado - Homosexual Women and Men in Berlin 1850-1950" . It was the first public exhibition shown in Germany of recent research on gay life. In 1985 the Verein der Freunde eines Schwulen Museums in Berlin e.V. (Society of Friends of a Gay Museum in Berlin)

2296-571: The museum received its first allocation of public money, a two-year grant from the cultural funds of the Berlin Senate . This was used to broaden its focus to encompass other minority sexual identities besides male homosexuality , mainly to put more emphasis on lesbian and transgender people. The museum shows several temporary exhibitions every year. These include historical exhibitions illuminating particular periods or historical developments, such as: From December 2004 to May 2013, there

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2352-445: The north it starts at Mehringbrücke and ends - with its southernmost houses already belonging to Tempelhof locality - on Platz der Luftbrücke . It is the historical southbound Berlin-Halle highway, now forming the federal route 96 . The main junction of Mehringdamm is with the 19th-century ring road around Berlin's inner city, named Yorckstraße west, and Gneisenaustraße east of Mehringdamm. The highway from Cölln (since 1710

2408-472: The northern end of the Mehringdamm was deviated from Halle Gate and its two adjacent squares Mehringplatz (northerly), and Blücherplatz (southerly), the latter forming a dead end since including the former northern end of Mehringdamm. The westerly reguided new northern route of the Mehringdamm, opened on 2 September 1974, connects to the inner ring road , bridging via the 1975-built Mehringbrücke over

2464-470: The oldest chocolate factory in Germany, was founded in 1804. Old documents are on display and a chocolate room can be visited. Within East Germany , Halle's chemical industry, now mainly shut down, was of great importance. The two main companies in the region were Buna-Werke and Leuna , and Halle-Neustadt was built in the 1960s to accommodate the employees of these two factories. Baroque composer Georg Friedrich Händel (later George Frideric Handel )

2520-528: The railway station and the city's centre, and the second bombing was in the southern district. It killed over 1,000 inhabitants and destroyed 3,600 buildings. Among them, are the Market Church , St. George Church, the Old Town Hall, the municipal theatre, historic buildings on Bruederstrasse and on Grosse Steinstrasse, and the city cemetery. On 17 April 1945, American soldiers occupied Halle, and

2576-575: The road into many parallel lanes. Since the early 18th century, the Tempelhof Field on the Teltow Plateau served as a military exercising and parade ground with annual military reviews. The Berlin-Halle highway was extended to allow cavalrymen and infantrymen from several barracks in Berlin easy access to the Tempelhof Field (after 1923 Tempelhof Airport ). The western half of the actual street remained an unpaved sand strip starting at

2632-432: The social and legal background was presented, such as the anti-gay Paragraph 175 of the German penal code; the associated marginalisation, persecution and criminalisation of homosexuality ; as well as the successes of LGBT social movements . The museum also holds series of exhibitions on individuals, groups and organisations, such as Der Kreis ("The Circle") and Gesellschaft für Reform des Sexualrechts ("Society for

2688-811: The southernmost part of the North German Plain , and is the largest city on the River Saale (a tributary of the Elbe ), which is the third-longest river flowing entirely in Germany after the Weser and the Main . The White Elster flows into the Saale in the southern borough of Silberhöhe. Halle is the fourth-largest city in the Thuringian - Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz. Halle

2744-408: The summers of 2018 and 2019 with severe drought because of regularly occurring wet periods and years and absence of extremely high temperatures - never reaching 40 °C (104 °F). With its vegetation, Halle is far from the steppe or semi-desert vegetation typical of cold semi-arid climates. Halle's early history is connected with the harvesting of salt. The name of the river Saale contains

2800-554: The then village of Tempelhof . On the same occasion the junction of Tempelhofer Straße with other streets radially connecting to the Halle Gate was renamed Platz vor dem Hallischen Tor , and again Blücherplatz on 7 April 1884. With effect of 1 January 1861, the street and the adjacent sites, alleys and fields around were seceded from Tempelhof and incorporated into Berlin, which formed in this new southern quarter of

2856-560: The time Halle was one of the leading cities in East Germany, along with Leipzig and Dresden . Halle reached its highest population in 1991 with about 305,000 people. Since German reunification , Halle's population began to decline due to its loss of industry, with many people moving to former West Germany . Halle is now considered one of the poorest cities in Germany. Halle's foreign population began to grow in 2015 after refugees from Syria and other war torn countries moved to Halle. Population of foreign residents: The current mayor of Halle

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2912-477: Was a centre of German Pietism and played an important role in establishing the Lutheran church in North America, when Henry Muhlenberg and others were sent as missionaries to Pennsylvania in the mid-18th century. Muhlenberg is now called the first Patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America. He and his son, Frederick Muhlenberg , who was the first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives , were graduates of Halle University. The Silver Treasure of

2968-402: Was a permanent exhibition called Selbstbewusstsein und Beharrlichkeit. 200 Jahre schwule Geschichte ("Self-Awareness and Endurance: 200 Years of Gay History"). It covers period 1790 to 1990, showing how gay people met up with each other and organised networks, and depicted the strategies, options and problems of gay people in seeking to live a self-determined life. In association with this theme,

3024-401: Was born in Halle in 1685 and spent the first 17 years of his life in the city. The house where he lived is now a museum about his life. To celebrate his music, Halle has staged a Handel Festival since 1922, annually in June since 1952. The Franckesche Stiftungen (Francke Foundations) are home to the Stadtsingechor zu Halle  [ de ] , which was founded before the year 1116 and

3080-436: Was changed too from traditional Berlin style (starting on one side of the street counting up to its end, continuing then on the other side until reaching the beginning again) to international numbering mode (even numbers on the one and odd on the opposite side). The only unchanged number was No. 1, Adolf Jandorf 's former department store, reconstructed by Hans Soll as part of the Hertie chain between 1952 and 1956. In 1975,

3136-411: Was founded and opened its own museum dedicated exclusively to LGBTQ+ topics at Mehringdamm 61 in the district of Kreuzberg. The building acquired the nickname Homo-Hof ("the gay courtyard") because it also housed the gay nightclub SchwuZ , a gay-friendly café and the Allgemeine Homosexuelle Arbeitsgemeinschaft  [ de ] , a support group which campaigns for LGBTQ+ rights. In December 2009,

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