Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or other parts of the body to ascend a steep topographical object that can range from the world's tallest mountains (e.g. the eight thousanders ) to small boulders . Climbing is done for locomotion, sporting recreation, for competition, and is also done in trades that rely on ascension, such as construction and military operations. Climbing is done indoors and outdoors, on natural surfaces (e.g. rock climbing and ice climbing ), and on artificial surfaces (e.g. climbing walls and climbing gyms )
34-657: Established in 1889, the Scottish Mountaineering Club is a club for climbing and mountaineering in Scotland . . [REDACTED] The Scottish Mountaineering Club (SMC) was formed in Glasgow Scotland, in March 1889, as one of Scotland's first mountaineering clubs. The club was initially proposed by William Wilson Naismith , a Scottish accountant and mountaineer, who published a letter in
68-613: A candidate had to list their Scottish ascents as proof of their climbing accomplishment, submit a statement of their "contributions to science, art or literature in connection with Scottish mountains", and be sponsored by two members. Women were first admitted to the Club in 1990. Today, the SMC consists of competent climbers and mountaineers, both men and women, who have a commitment to climbing in Scotland. According to their official website,
102-487: A period between 1490 and the end of the 19th century. There is also one incunable of note. German and Latin imprints are also available within the library and hold a modest 20 per cent and 25 per cent respectively. The Scottish Mountaineering club (established in 1889) has also deposited books within the library. Throughout the years, members, authors and publishers have all donated books to the collection making most publications, journals and famous guidebooks available within
136-417: A single location. There are more group study areas and improved silent study spaces. Digital collections are continually being enhanced, opening hours are being increased and heating, lighting and ventilation have all been upgraded. The Andersonian Library is split up into several different zones, spread over 5 levels. Levels 1, 4 and 5 are designated for silent study. Level 3 is the entrance floor and hosts
170-526: A take-away coffee kiosk, and a branch of the university-run Nourish café. For most of the term time the library is open between 07:00 and 00:00 on weekdays, and from 09:00 to 21:00 on Saturdays and Sundays. Enquiries services are staffed between 08:30 and 20:30 during the week and from 12:00 until 17:00 at weekends. During examination periods the library is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The library holds around 3,200 volumes from John Anderson , Alexander Laing and James Young collectively, all from
204-737: Is a traveling film festival that exclusively screens climbing and adventure films, and includes the Reel Rock climbing film series. Andersonian Library The Andersonian Library is the university library of the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. Established in 1796, it is one of the largest of its type in Scotland. Access to the Library is restricted to Strathclyde student and other library membership card holders, retired staff and corporate members. The Andersonian
238-542: Is recognized by the IOC and GAISF and is a member of the International World Games Association ( IWGA ). Competition climbing has three parts: Competition ice climbing is a regulated sport of 'competitive ice climbing' that originated in the early 2000s, and which is done on outdoor or indoor climbing on artificial ice climbing walls that consist of ice and dry surfaces. The UIAA is
272-593: Is supported by the proceeds of guidebooks and other publications and donates back to groups, projects and individuals with the scientific or educational objectives of wildlife conservation and management. As of 2019 the Trust recontributed over 1.5 million euros. SMT also operates and maintains five mountain huts which can be booked by members and other clubs from the UK and abroad. These huts are strategically placed near scenery in mountaineering areas in Scotland. A subsidiary of
306-787: The Glasgow Herald in January of 1889 that suggested establishing a Scottish version of the Alpine Club. According to club records, the object of the SMC was: To encourage mountaineering in Scotland in winter as well as summer; to serve as a bond of union amongst all lovers of mountain climbing; to create facilities for exploring the less known parts of the country; to collect various kinds of information, especially as regards routes, distances, means of access, time occupied in ascents, character of rocks, extent of snow in winter, etc., and in general to promote everything that will conduce to
340-443: The 15th to the 19th century and is listed in a printed bibliography, Bibliotheca Chemica (Glasgow, 1906) by John Ferguson. The library is home to many rare books (many with less than 3 copies in existence); however, these books are not available for removal outwith the library. The use of these books are only available for use within the library. Among other notable works within the library there are some by Agrippa Von Nettesheim and
374-501: The 2020 Summer Olympics ) in that format that included competition lead climbing , competition bouldering , and competition speed climbing disciplines; competition ice climbing is not yet an Olympic sport. Rock climbing can trace its origins to the late 19th-century , and has since developed into several main sub-disciplines. Single-pitch and multi-pitch (and big wall) climbing, can be performed in varying styles (including aid, sport, traditional, free solo, and top-roping), while
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#1732772157009408-482: The Andersonian moved in 1980 for the 1980–81 academic year – the new library was officially opened the following year. The building's naming took place shortly before Curran's retiral and his succession by Sir Graham Hills in 1981 , who would lead Strathclyde through the next decade. John Anderson , a Professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow University, left his personal library of 1,500 volumes which formed
442-448: The Library and IT helpdesk as well as the majority of the library's computers, and is designated a 'quiet' study area. Level 2 is the group discussion floor and has a number of facilities for group study, such as bookable rooms and large tables. A new group study area opened in 2014 as part of the library's ongoing renovation. There are small group study rooms, discussion areas, an Assistive Technologies room and Education Resources Centre for
476-608: The Royal College gained its Charter to become the University of Strathclyde. However by the mid 1970s, the library was outgrowing the McCance Building, and by this point the University had purchased the former printing works of William Collins, Sons on Cathedral Street. The newest building on this site was a giant warehouse and printing press building that was originally constructed in 1961, and while much of
510-604: The SMC joined the British Mountaineer Council, a coalition of 25 alpine climbing clubs. The Club was responsible for overseeing the whole of Scotland. In addition to climbing, the SMC promotes the wider interests of mountaineering in Scotland. 3 May 1963, the Club established the Scottish Mountaineering Trust (SMT), a charity, to promote and support health, education and recreation in the mountains of Scotland and elsewhere. The SMT
544-755: The SMT is the Scottish Mountaineering Press (SMP), a publishing company, launched in 2020, that prints previous and current publications of the SMC. In 2022, the Press released the Scottish Mountaineering Press Creatives, a nonprofit, digital publication that produces online content for artists and authors. All profits from these publications are disbursed by the Trust as grants. The largest area of expenditure has been in supporting footpath repair and maintenance in
578-551: The Scottish Mountaineering Club and Scottish Mountaineering Trust from 1707 to date. In addition, there is a large collection of historical images relating to early SMC members and mountaineering in Scotland. According to SMC, the collection includes "books on: technical and philosophical aspects of mountaineering, climbing, skiing, hill walking and other outdoor pursuits; fiction and literature; biographies and autobiographies; travel and exploration from across
612-486: The Scottish Mountains, although substantial support is also given to mountain rescue teams for equipment, facilities, mountaineering education and training, especially that aimed at young people. Original membership to the club was strictly limited to elite male society. There were less than 100 founding members of the club. According to the 1894 Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, to qualify for membership,
646-599: The authoritative guides for hill-walkers and scramblers in Scotland (12 books) and a further 12 books on the Scottish mountain environment, its history and its culture, plus an annual Journal, copies of which are free to download from the Club's website. The Munros Guide is the bestseller. The Club's library is held within the Andersonian Library at the University of Strathclyde Archives and Special Collections. It contains historical and current publications by
680-490: The basis of the Andersonian Library's historical and nurtured items. Two other important collections were added to the library's stock in the following century: 500 volumes from the library of Alexander Laing, a Professor of Mathematics at Anderson's University, and 1,400 volumes from James Young of Kelly and Durris, who was President of Anderson's College. The library of the Royal College had strong collections in
714-596: The convenience of those who take a pleasure in mountains and mountain scenery. The purpose of the SMC was to document the exploration of the Scottish Highlands and its local flora and fauna. Soon after its inception, the SMC began publishing the Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal in 1890. The Journal provided their members and other alpine groups with lists of accommodations, guidebooks and maps of climbing areas. In 1945,
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#1732772157009748-491: The criteria for membership in the SMC includes documented experience climbing in Scotland, in all seasons, over various types of terrains, with 50 or more ascents over 3,000 feet (910 m). The application encourages participation in SMC projects or charities as well as a list of personal contributions to the arts and sciences. It must contain the sponsorship of a current member along with three other member references. There are around 500 members currently. Some members are at
782-578: The designation "Compleators" by the SMC is traditional. The SMC keeps a list of those who wish to record their compleation of the Munros and, As of 9 October 2023, there are 7,581 who have compleated. It also maintains Hill Lists for the Munro Tops, Furths, Corbetts and Donalds. Through the Trust and its imprint, Scottish Mountaineering Press, the Club produces and publishes the definitive Climbers' Guides to Scotland's mountains and outcrops (17 books),
816-455: The development of competition climbing , increased the popularity of rock climbing as a sport, and led to the emergence of professional rock climbers, such as Wolfgang Güllich , Alexander Huber , Chris Sharma , Adam Ondra , Lynn Hill , Catherine Destivelle , and Janja Garnbret . Climbing became an Olympic sport for the first time in the 2021 Olympic Games in Tokyo (see Sport climbing at
850-605: The fields of applied sciences and technology. During Summer 2012 the first phase of the University Library redevelopment project was completed. In recent years the floors of the Library were upgraded. During June 2012 the Jordanhill Library was closed and stock and services were integrated into this Library on the John Anderson campus. This project brought all Library and information services into
884-536: The forefront of Scottish mountaineering developments: "Compleator" is the term that is bestowed upon someone by the SMC who has climbed all of the Munro mountains by the "Clerk of the Lists". Compleat is an archaic spelling of the word complete. While complete means having all the required elements or skills, compleat has come to have its own distinct meaning, that of quintessential or perfectly representative. The usage of
918-578: The governing body for competition ice climbing worldwide and their events include a lead ice climbing discipline and a speed ice climbing discipline. Competition ice climbing is not as yet an Olympic Sport. Climbing has been the subject of both narrative and documentary films. Notable climbing films include Touching the Void (2003), Everest (2015), Meru (2015), The Dawn Wall (2015), Free Solo (2018), 14 Peaks: Nothing Is Impossible (2021), and The Alpinist (2021). The Reel Rock Film Tour
952-575: The library. This collection is on deposit from The Scottish Mountaineering though, meaning at any-point a member of the club can borrow items from the collections (on production of a club membership card). One of the more interesting pieces of work within the library's Special Collections is the James Young Collection, an industrial chemist and originator of the paraffin and shale oil industry in Scotland. The collection contains books and manuscripts on alchemy and early science dating from
986-444: The popularity of the sport in the natural environment. Early pioneers included Walter Bonatti , Riccardo Cassin , Hermann Buhl , and Gaston Rébuffat , who were followed by and Reinhold Messner and Doug Scott , and later by Mick Fowler and Marko Prezelj , and Ueli Steck . Since the 1980s, the development of the safer format of bolted sport climbing , the wider availability of artificial climbing walls and climbing gyms, and
1020-595: The rest of the Collins estate was demolished by the University, this structure was converted into the third home of the Library. The former library area in the McCance Building became the home for Registry and main administrative functions of the university. The building itself is named after Sir Samuel Curran , the Principal who had oversaw the University's foundation and growth from the former Royal College and served between 1964 and 1980. The current location into which
1054-419: The standalone discipline of bouldering (or boulder climbing) is by definition performed in a free solo format. Competition climbing (sometimes confusingly called "sport climbing"), is a regulated sport of 'competitive rock climbing' that originated in the 1980s, and which is done as indoor climbing on artificial climbing walls . The IFSC is the governing body for competition rock-climbing worldwide and
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1088-481: The university's education students. The Library provides free internet access through the desktop computers, eduroam Wi-Fi, or through a handful of hardwired Ethernet ports. The library's 'SUPrimo' catalogue search interface allows students and staff to search the library's database to find print or electronic copies of books which the library keeps in stock. SUPrimo also allows users to reserve books and requisition material from storage. The entrance foyer houses
1122-629: The world which includes an extensive collection of Scottish texts; history of mountaineering; antiquarian collection of 18th century Scottish travel and tour books". Extensive archives can also be found at the National Library of Scotland. Climbing The sport of climbing evolved by climbers making first ascents of new types of climbing routes , using new climbing techniques , at ever-increasing grades of difficulty , with ever-improving pieces of climbing equipment . Guides and guidebooks were an important element in developing
1156-545: Was formed in 1796 on the death of John Anderson when he bequeathed his collection, which consisted of over 2000 volumes. This is what formed the nucleus of the library. The Andersonian was originally housed within the buildings of Andersons Institution on George Street, before being relocated to the Royal College Building upon its opening in 1912. The library moved to the new McCance Building designed by Ralph Covell on Richmond Street in 1964 shortly before
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