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32-1241: 1824 Johann Nepomuk Reithoffer receives the patent for waterproof fabrics 1852 Construction of first European factory for rubber products in Wimpassing, Austria 1890 Semperit goes public 1920 Start of latex glove production 1949 Semperit begins manufacturing System Hans Hass swim fins designed by Hans Hass 1985 Sale of tyre production unit, focus on industrial and medical sectors 1996 Launch of company's sites in Thailand and China 1998 Acquisition of plant in Odry, Czech Republic 2000 Acquisition of plant in Belchatów, Poland 2001 Acquisition of majority stake in Indian conveyor belt plant 2007 Start-up of new hose factory in China 2012 Acquisition of Latexx Partners, Kamunting, Malaysia 2015 Acquisition of Leeser, Germany 2020 Strategic policy decision to focus on industrial sector 2022 Sale of medical business Sempermed 2023 Acquisition of RICO Group,

64-496: A connective-tissue disorder such as scleroderma or lupus , injuries to the hands, prolonged vibration , smoking, thyroid problems, and certain medications, such as birth control pills and stimulants . Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms. The primary treatment is avoiding the cold. Other measures include the discontinuation of nicotine or stimulant use. Medications for treatment of cases that do not improve include calcium channel blockers and iloprost . There

96-405: A hormonal component exists. Caffeine , estrogen, and nonselective beta-blockers are often listed as aggravating factors, but evidence that they should be avoided is not solid. Raynaud's phenomenon, or secondary Raynaud's, occurs secondary to a wide variety of other conditions. Secondary Raynaud's has a number of associations: Raynaud's can precede these other diseases by many years, making it

128-430: A leading liquid silicone-processing group (Upper Austria) This article related to a manufacturing company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article on an Austrian company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hans Hass Hans Hass (23 January 1919 – 16 June 2013) was an Austrian biologist and underwater diving pioneer. He was known mainly for being among

160-442: A panel of experts in the fields of rheumatology and dermatology. Secondary Raynaud's is managed primarily by treating the underlying cause, and as primary Raynaud's, avoiding triggers, such as cold, emotional and environmental stress, vibrations and repetitive motions, and avoiding smoking (including passive smoking) and sympathomimetic drugs . Medications can be helpful for moderate or severe disease. Evidence does not support

192-504: Is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles . Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. Rarely, the nose, ears, nipples, or lips are affected. The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue . Often, numbness or pain occurs. As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. The episodes typically last minutes but can last several hours. The condition

224-435: Is an uncommon form, and it is always secondary to local or regional vascular disease. It commonly progresses within several years to affect other limbs as the vascular disease progresses. Three main changes are seen in the mechanism of Raynaud's phenomenon which are reduced blood flow, blood vessel constriction and neurogenic, inflammatory, and immune responses. It is induced by mental stress and cold atmosphere. In all cases,

256-411: Is important. Looking for signs of arthritis or vasculitis , as well as a number of laboratory tests, may separate them. Nail fold capillary examination or "capillaroscopy" is one of the most sensitive methods to diagnose RS with connective tissue disorders, i.e. distinguish a secondary from a primary form objectively. If suspected to be secondary to systemic sclerosis , one tool which may help aid in

288-545: Is little evidence that alternative medicine is helpful. Severe disease may in rare cases lead to complications, specifically skin sores or gangrene . About 4% of people have the condition. Onset of the primary form is typically between ages 15 and 30 and occurs more frequently in females. The secondary form usually affects older people. Both forms are more common in cold climates . The condition can cause localized pain, discoloration (paleness), and sensations of cold and/or numbness. When exposed to cold temperatures,

320-583: Is named after the physician Auguste Gabriel Maurice Raynaud , who first described it in his doctoral thesis in 1862. Episodes are typically triggered by cold or emotional stress. Primary Raynaud's is idiopathic (spontaneous and of unknown cause) and not correlated with another disease. Secondary Raynaud's is diagnosed given the presence of an underlying condition and is associated with an older age of onset. In comparison to primary Raynaud's, episodes are more likely to be painful, asymmetric and progress to digital ulcerations. Secondary Raynaud's can occur due to

352-849: The Mediterranean Sea during the war. Therefore, Hass rented a ship in Piraeus and sailed for several months in the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Crete in 1942. Before the war, this ship had been owned by the University of Vienna . During this expedition he filmed and took photos underwater. Hass had read the book Die Raubfischer in Hellas (The Pirate Fishers in Greece) written in 1939 by Werner Helwig. Hass found this group near Skiathos and

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384-766: The Red Sea and by the BBC . Hass's marriage to Hannelore Schroth produced a son, Hans Hass, Jr. The marriage ended in 1950 and he married his second wife, Lotte Baierl , that same year. Hass produced 105 commercial films, many featuring himself and his second wife, who was an expert diver. In 1951, Hass's film Under the Red Sea was awarded the first prize at the Venice Film Festival . After expeditions in East Africa and South Asia , his first TV series

416-603: The Seeteufel was lost when the Soviets captured Königsberg . In 1947 his film Menschen unter Haien had its world premiere in Zürich , and his most popular book with a very similar title was released in 1948. As a consequence, he got contracts with Herzog-Film ( Munich ) and Sascha-Film (Vienna). He also went on his first expedition with his new research ship named 'Xarifa', which was mostly financed through photo safaris in

448-445: The 1970s he addressed environmental and commercial themes and was appointed to a professorship by the University of Vienna . In 1983, he started long term studies and tutorials about predatory instincts in profession. Hass consolidated marine biology , behaviour research and management theories under one umbrella. He believed that his energon theory could not be disproved. In 1989, he addressed himself to environmental themes. After

480-572: The American diver Guy Gilpatric while on a Riviera holiday in 1938 which included underwater hunting and photography. After making expeditions to the Caribbean Sea and writing his first professional articles in 1938-39, in 1940 Hass switched from reading law to studying zoology and graduated with a Ph.D. from the University of Berlin in 1943 at the Faculty of Biology. His thesis was

512-553: The Australian Prime Minister Harold Holt disappeared in the waters of Cheviot Beach at Portsea , Victoria on 17 December 1967, Hass visited Australia and explored the area where Holt disappeared for his 1971 film documentary Das Geheimnis der Cheviot Bay ( The Secret of Cheviot Bay ). In an interview with Harry Martin for the ABC's current affairs programme "A.M" Hass said that having observed

544-413: The aforementioned color changes in all episodes, especially in milder cases of the condition. The red flush is due to reactive hyperemia of the areas deprived of blood flow. In pregnancy , this sign normally disappears due to increased surface blood flow. Raynaud's has occurred in breastfeeding mothers, causing nipples to turn white and painful. Raynaud's disease, or primary Raynaud's, is diagnosed if

576-527: The blood supply to the fingers or toes, and in some cases the nose or earlobes, is markedly reduced; the skin turns pale or white (called pallor ) and becomes cold and numb. These events are episodic, and when the episode subsides or the area is warmed, the blood flow returns, and the skin color first turns red ( rubor ), and then back to normal, often accompanied by swelling , tingling, and a painful "pins and needles" sensation. All three color changes are observed in classic Raynaud's yet not all patients see all of

608-481: The expedition in the Aegean Sea. This 84 minute underwater film, Menschen unter Haien (Men among Sharks), was released in 1947. It shows marine life including wrasse, jellyfish, sponges, sea anemones and rays. The highlights of this film include dynamite fishing and interaction of divers with sharks. In Babelsberg he met Hannelore Schroth , a famous German actress. Hans and Hannelore married in 1945. In 1945

640-491: The first presenting symptom. This may be the case in the CREST syndrome , of which Raynaud's is a part. Patients with secondary Raynaud's can also have symptoms related to their underlying diseases. Raynaud's phenomenon is the initial symptom that presents for 70% of patients with scleroderma , a skin and joint disease. When Raynaud's phenomenon is limited to one hand or one foot, it is referred to as unilateral Raynaud's. This

672-506: The first scientific research project that used an autonomous rebreather diving equipment. In his early diving he used rebreathers , which he had made for him by the German diving gear makers Dräger : he had these sets made with the breathing bag on his back, as he did not like the bag-on-chest " frogman look". Hass and his team of researchers logged over 2000 dives utilising oxygen rebreathers from 1942 to 1953. Although Don Stewart, one of

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704-474: The first scientists to popularise coral reefs , stingrays , octopuses and sharks . He pioneered the making of documentaries filmed underwater and led the development of a type of rebreather . He is also known for his energon theory and his commitment to protecting the environment. Hass was born in Vienna; his father was an attorney and Hass initially pursued law. However, Hass had a formative encounter with

736-637: The first scuba operators on the Caribbean island of Bonaire , blames Hass for single-handedly hunting the Atlantic goliath grouper to local extinction in a book by Callum Roberts , the author clearly refutes that claim later in the same paragraph. Hass published "Diving to Adventure," his first book of underwater photographs, in 1939 and some credit him with developing one of the first underwater cameras. Hass completed his first underwater film called Pirsch unter Wasser ( Stalking under Water ) in 1940. It

768-842: The impression that he wasn't the first in diving or underwater photography ." Hass died on 16 June 2013 in Vienna. He was 94 and was survived by his wife and daughter Meta. Lotte Hass died in January 2015. Hass's son Hans Hass Jr., an actor and composer, committed suicide in 2009. In 2002 the Historical Diving Society established the Hans Hass Award which is awarded to individuals that display international achievement in underwater science, technology, or arts and literature. His main innovations in diving technology were: Raynaud%27s disease Raynaud syndrome , also known as Raynaud's phenomenon ,

800-439: The prediction of systemic sclerosis is thermography. A careful medical history will seek to identify or exclude possible secondary causes. To aid in the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon, multiple sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed. Table 1 below provides a summary of these various diagnostic criteria. Recently, International Consensus Criteria were developed for the diagnosis of primary Raynaud's phenomenon by

832-545: The primary cause is an underlying hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system . Although, with different types, the exact pathophysiology differs. In primary type there is increase in sensitivity due to reasons mentioned above resulting in vasoconstriction . In secondary type, normal activity of blood vessel is disrupted due to the same reasons mentioned above causing vasoconstriction which leads to ischemia and tissue death. Distinguishing Raynaud's disease (primary Raynaud's) from Raynaud's phenomenon (secondary Raynaud's)

864-435: The symptoms are idiopathic , that is, if they occur by themselves and not in association with other diseases. Some refer to primary Raynaud's disease as "being allergic to coldness". It often develops in young women in their teens and early adulthood. Primary Raynaud's is thought to be at least partly hereditary , although specific genes have not yet been identified. Smoking increases frequency and intensity of attacks, and

896-562: The underwater conditions of the area with its sharp and jagged rocks, he was convinced that Holt had been trapped in the structure of one of these rocks and his body considerably torn by the nature of the forces of the sea and the sharp rocks. Hass acknowledged a rivalry with the better-known French scientist Jacques Cousteau ; according to the New York Times obituary, Hass told historian Tim Ecott that "For Cousteau there exists only Cousteau. He never acknowledged others or corrected

928-673: Was able to film their dynamite fishing under water. In spring and summer of 1943, Hass stayed for several months at the Stazione Zoologica in Naples and Capri to study and collect Bryozoa , aquatic invertebrate animals, for his doctoral thesis in zoology. In February 1944, he completed the thesis to become a Doctor of Science . Until the end of the war Hass lived and worked in the film studios of Universum Film AG in Babelsberg near Berlin to cut and finish his film about

960-484: Was developed in 1959, in 1961 for the first time about creatures outside the water. This was followed by behavioural research and the 'energon theory' from 1963 to 1966. From his behavioural research, Hass formed his energon hypothesis, the focus of his work in later years. It posits that the behaviours of all life-forms — human, nonhuman animal and plant — have common origins. Combined with management strategies, Hass published about commonalities with evolution in 1969. In

992-479: Was excused from serving in the German military during the Second World War because of poor circulation in his feet caused by Raynaud's disease . From the proceeds of his hundreds of lectures, Hass was able to buy the sailing ship Seeteufel in 1942. However, he was not able to use the ship for his planned expedition because the ship was in the harbour of Stettin and it was not possible to bring it to

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1024-537: Was published by the Universum Film AG , originally lasting only 16 minutes and was shown in cinemas before the main film, but would eventually be extended by additional filming done in the Adriatic Sea close to Dubrovnik . Hass moved from Vienna to Berlin in 1941, where he founded the tax privileged society Expedition für biologische Meereskunde ( Expedition for biological oceanography ). Hass

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