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24-518: Servatius is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name [ edit ] Servatius of Tongeren (died 384), or Saint Servatius, Christian patron saint Servatius Ludwig (1907–1946), German missionary to China Surname [ edit ] Brigitte Servatius (born 1954), Austrian-American mathematician Darren Servatius (1966–2019), Canadian hockey player Robert Servatius (1894–1983), German lawyer, defender at

48-545: A Council of Cologne in 346, testifying that Euphrates, bishop of Cologne, "denied the divinity of Jesus Christ , this even happened in the presence of Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria". Euphrates was historically known as an opponent of Arianism and alongside Athanasius and Servatius took part in the Council of Sardica. The legend, compiled in Trier, probably aimed at reducing the status of the church of Cologne, with which Trier

72-570: A certain Alagrecus who had testified that Servatius was Armenian, and asserting that his birthplace was Fenuste , southeast of Damascus , this helped to erase some doubts but Servatius' kinship to Jesus was never confirmed by an official council. At the end of the 12th century the poet Henric van Veldeke wrote a new legend of Saint Servatius, based on the earlier accounts by Gregory of Tours and Jocundus, to which he added several more miracles, thus emphasizing Saint Servatius' saintliness. The work

96-461: A descendant of a ruler that they may or may not be related to. According to Herodotus , this was done by someone impersonating Smerdis in order to seize the throne of Cyrus the Great after his death. The concept of usurpation played a huge role in the governance of monarchies, often carrying disdain to those who have been accused of it. Lengthy advice was given to potential and actual usurpers by

120-512: A vision in which the destruction of Tongeren was forecast (because of their sinfulness). Peter then handed the Keys of Heaven to Aravatius, transferring to him the power to forgive sins. According to Gregory, Aravatius returned to Tongeren, brought the relics of his predecessors to Maastricht, where he died and was buried alongside the Roman road, near the bridge. As a bishop, Servatius may have been

144-647: Is a major work of Mosan art and became known as the 'Chest of Distress' (Dutch: Noodkist ) as it was carried around town in times of distress. A pilgrimage with the relics of Saint Servatius and other saints takes place every seven years: the Maastricht Pilgrimage of the Relics (Dutch: Heiligdomsvaart ). The Noodkist is normally kept in the Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius , along with

168-541: Is also the author of the Miracula sancti Servatii , a sequel to the vita, describing all the miracles that happened after Servatius' death. According to some historians, both works were composed to quell doubts about the genealogy of Servatius and his Armenian descent. These doubts had been raised at the Council of Mainz in 1049. When envoys from the Byzantine emperor arrived at the Council of Mainz, confirming accounts by

192-445: Is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power , often but not always in a monarchy . In other words, one who takes the power of a country , city , or established region for oneself, without any formal or legal right to claim it as one's own. Usurpers can rise to power in a region by often unexpected physical force such as via a coup d'état , as well as through political influence and deceit. The word originally came from

216-558: Is considered one of the earliest works of Dutch literature , even though it was written in Limburgish , the most divergent of the 4 major dialects that comprises Middle Dutch . In the 17th century, the Bollandists tried to separate some of the facts and myths surrounding Servatius. They managed to calculate the exact date of his death (13 May 384), which for a long time was accepted as a historical fact. According to tradition

240-549: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Servatius of Tongeren A widely travelled diplomat and a determined opponent of Arianism , the presence of Servatius is recorded at several synods and church councils. In 343, Sarbatios - Greek texts rendering v as b - was present at the Council of Sardica (modern Sofia ). In the debates, Servatius represented the Trinitarian view, which clashed with

264-538: The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is also dedicated to Saint Servatius. The Sint Servaasbrug , the oldest bridge over the river Meuse in Maastricht, was named after Saint Servatius. The name 'Servaas' was a popular given name in Maastricht and surroundings for many centuries. The 12th-century gilded reliquary chest in the Basilica of Saint Servatius, containing the saint's relics,

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288-463: The Arian view of most Eastern bishops. According to Sulpicius Severus , Servatius again eloquently denounced Arianism at the Council of Rimini in 359. When Athanasius , the leading opponent of Arianism, was exiled to Trier (in 336 or 343), he may have met with Servatius, because both men campaigned against Arian bishops and priests in the region. According to a medieval legend, Servatius took part

312-648: The Latin word usurpare (“to seize", "to take forcefully" or "to use”). The Greeks had their own conception of what usurpers were, calling them tyrants. In the ancient Greek usage, a tyrant ( tyrannos / τύραννος in Greek) was an individual who rose to power via unconstitutional or illegitimate means, usually not being an heir to an existing throne. Such individuals were perceived negatively by political philosophers such as Socrates , Plato and Aristotle . Usurpers often try to legitimize their position by claiming to be

336-461: The Maastricht church of Our Lady remain uncertain, since no excavations have ever been carried out inside this church. In another Maastricht church however, the Basilica of Saint Servatius , excavations in the 1990s have revealed the remains of a 6th-century church (built by bishop Monulph and described by Gregory of Tours as a magnum templum ), with at its center a late Roman structure, possibly

360-531: The founder of several early Christian churches in the diocese of Tongeren. Two likely candidates are the Basilica of Our Lady in Tongeren and the Basilica of Our Lady in Maastricht . In the case of Tongeren, this traditional claim was supported by excavations in the 1980s, which revealed under the medieval church remains of a 4th-century church, possibly the original cathedral of the diocese. The origins of

384-647: The infant Servatius in her arms (identifiable by the infant wearing a bishop's mitre) in the Vendsyssel Historiske Museum in Hjørring , Denmark , is iconographically so similar to sculptures of the Madonna and Child , that it was long misattributed. In Sri Lanka , St. Servatius' College was built around 1897 by a Belgian priest, Father Augustus Standard, on the bank of the river Nilwala at Pallimulla, Matara . Usurper A usurper

408-531: The resulting civil war ended with the death of Magnentius in 353. The mission can be seen as a sign of the high standing of Servatius. An important source about the life of Saint Servatius, albeit not a contemporary source, is Gregory of Tours ' Glory of the Confessors and History of the Franks . In his late 6th-century account, Gregory writes about Aravatius (identified by most scholars as Servatius), who

432-542: The saint's remains are buried in the Basilica of Saint Servatius in Maastricht, where they lie in a crypt dating from the 6th century. His tomb has been a place of pilgrimage for many centuries. Famous visitors include Charlemagne , Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) , Philip II of Spain and Pope John Paul II . In Maastricht, the Eastern Orthodox Church belonging to the Russian Exarchate of

456-614: The so-called 'Servatiana' (objects that are associated with the saint, such as his pilgrim's staff , his crozier , his pectoral cross , his chalice , his paten and a symbolic key to heaven). Other historic churches in the Netherlands , Belgium , France and Germany were dedicated to the saint, e.g. the collegiate churches of Grimbergen Abbey and Quedlinburg Abbey . In the Quedlinburg Treasury important relics of Saint Servatius are kept. In many churches around

480-627: The tomb of Servatius. Over the centuries legends accumulated around the historical figure of the bishop of Tongeren. Two early vitae ( biographies ) place Servatius' birth in Armenia and make him a cousin of John the Baptist , and thus a distant relative of Jesus (neither were mentioned by Gregory of Tours). Around 1075, the French priest Jocundus was commissioned by the chapter of Saint Servatius to write another Vita sancti Servatii . Jocundus

504-646: The trial of Adolf Eichmann Victor Servatius, pseudonym of Dutch sexologist Frits Bernard See also [ edit ] Servetus [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share the same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Servatius&oldid=1195532106 " Categories : Given names Surnames Surnames from given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

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528-558: The world, reliquaries, statues, stained glass windows, altar pieces and paintings of Servatius are revered. St. Servatius Church in Kampung Sawah, Indonesia received the relics of Servatius from Maastricht in its establishment date on October 6, 1996. Since then, highly infused by Betawi culture, the festival honoring the relics has been celebrated annually by the parishioners of the church. A mid-15th-century wooden sculpture of Memelia (the ancestor linking Servatius to Jesus) with

552-581: Was a bishop of Tongeren and died in Maastricht. According to the Frankish bishop and historian, Aravatius lived at the time when the Huns threatened Tongeren (5th century), which does not match the 4th-century dates of the synods mentioned above. It is not always clear how much of Gregory's account is history and how much is fiction. Gregory describes how Aravatius, during a vigil at Saint Peter 's tomb in Rome , had

576-534: Was in conflict over ecclesiastical predominance. After co-emperor Constans had been assassinated in 350, Servatius was sent to the Roman emperor Constantius II in Edessa , the capital of Armenian Mesopotamia , as an envoy of the usurper Magnentius to represent the late Constans as an unworthy tyrant and oppressor, in the hope of obtaining Constantius's recognition of Magnentius as co-ruler. The mission failed and

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