Tax exemption is the reduction or removal of a liability to make a compulsory payment that would otherwise be imposed by a ruling power upon persons, property, income, or transactions. Tax-exempt status may provide complete relief from taxes, reduced rates, or tax on only a portion of items. Examples include exemption of charitable organizations from property taxes and income taxes , veterans, and certain cross-border or multi-jurisdictional scenarios.
35-651: The Shaw Festival is a not-for-profit theatre festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake , Ontario , Canada. It is the second largest repertory theatre company in North America, second only to Canada's Stratford Festival , located in Stratford, Ontario . The Shaw Festival was founded in 1962. Originally, it only featured productions written by George Bernard Shaw , but changes were later implemented by Christopher Newton and Jackie Maxwell that widened
70-430: A broad variety of organizations considered to serve public purposes. The U.S. system exempts from Federal and many state income taxes the income of organizations that have qualified for such exemption. Qualification requires that the organization be created and operated for one of a long list of tax-exempt purposes, which includes more than 28 types of organizations and also requires, for most types of organizations, that
105-491: A cheque, credit card, or wire transfer transaction and must be made in the name of the mission otherwise it is not eligible for the tax exemption. These cards may only be issued to a person, who is a principal member or an employee of the mission, holds an A or G visa, and is not a permanent resident of the USA. This card is issued to eligible foreign mission members for exemption on their personal item purchases. The user of this card
140-495: A deduction of a specified dollar amount for each of several categories of "personal exemptions". Similar amounts may be called "personal allowances". Some systems may provide thresholds at which such exemptions or allowances are phased out or removed. Some governments grant broad exclusions from all taxation for certain types of organization. The exclusions may be restricted to entities having various characteristics. The exclusions may be inherent in definitions or restrictions outside
175-457: A few tax exemptions for their diplomatic mission visitors. The Department’s Office of Foreign Missions (OFM) issues diplomatic tax exemption cards to eligible foreign missions and their accredited members and dependents on the basis of international law and reciprocity. There are 2 types of diplomatic sales exemption cards. This card is used by foreign missions to buy necessary items for the mission. This type of card work only while paying with
210-555: A resident of the other contracting jurisdiction. Multi-jurisdictional agreements for tax exemption also exist. 20 of the U.S. states have entered into the Multistate Tax Compact that provides, among other things, that each member must grant a full credit for sales and use taxes paid to other states or subdivisions. The European Union members are all parties to the EU multi-country VAT harmonisation rules . The US provides
245-409: A statutory exception to a general rule rather than the mere absence of taxation in particular circumstances, otherwise known as an exclusion. Tax exemption also refers to removal from taxation of a particular item rather than a deduction. International duty free shopping may be termed "tax-free shopping". In tax-free shopping, the goods are permanently taken outside the jurisdiction, thus paying taxes
280-470: Is less frequent in the United States, with the exception of Louisiana. However, current European Union rules prohibit most intra-EU tax-free trade, with the exception of certain special territories outside the tax area. Some jurisdictions allow for a specific monetary reduction of the tax base, which may be referred to as an exemption. For example, the U.S. Federal and many state tax systems allow
315-487: Is not necessary. Tax-free shopping is also found in ships, airplanes and other vessels traveling between countries (or tax areas). Tax-free shopping is usually available in dedicated duty-free shops . However, any transaction may be duty-free, given that the goods are presented to the customs when exiting the country. In such a scenario, a sum equivalent to the tax is paid, but reimbursed on exit. More common in Europe, tax-free
350-412: Is the only person who might use this card on his purchases and he is the only one who can profit from them. There are 4 levels of exemption cards, and each one holds a name after an animal: This is a tax exemption issued for purchases of hotel stays and other forms of lodging. The tax exemption card is required before paying for the lodging, if it is paid before acquiring it, or through the internet,
385-410: Is usually under age 19, a full-time student under age 24, or have special needs). The exemption granted may depend on multiple criteria, including criteria otherwise unrelated to the particular tax. For example, a property tax exemption may be provided to certain classes of veterans earning less than a particular income level. Definitions of exempt individuals tend to be complex. In 1 Samuel 17:25 in
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#1732772477073420-641: The Hebrew Bible , King Saul includes tax exemption as one of the rewards on offer to whoever comes forward to defeat the Philistine giant Goliath . Gregory of Tours , in his history of the Franks, claimed that the people of the city of Tours were given tax exemption by the Merovingian kings on account of the presence of the relics of St Martin of Tours and suggested that divine punishment from
455-784: The Charities Law. This overall exemption may be somewhat limited by limited scope for taxation by the jurisdiction. Some jurisdictions may levy only a single type of tax, exemption from only a particular tax. Some jurisdictions provide for exemption only from certain taxes. The United States exempts certain organizations from Federal income taxes, but not from various excise or most employment taxes. Many tax systems provide complete exemption from tax for recognized charitable organizations. Such organizations may include religious organizations (temples, mosques, churches, etc.), fraternal organizations (including social clubs), public charities (e.g., organizations serving homeless persons), or any of
490-563: The Shaw Festival before accepting the position in 1979. In a 2011 interview with the Globe and Mail , Newton stated that he "hadn't really liked Bernard Shaw very much" and that he "made no secret of that fact." Under Newton, the theatre produced plays that were written during the lifetime of Shaw (1856–1950). His decision to move the Shaw Festival away from the direction of museum theatre was controversial, which resulted in some members of
525-540: The U.S. Most systems do not tax entities organized to conduct retirement investment and pension activities for employees of one or more employers or for the benefit of employees. In addition, many systems also provide tax exemption for personal pension schemes . Some jurisdictions provide separate total or partial tax exemptions for educational institutions. These exemptions may be limited to certain functions or income. Some jurisdictions provide tax exemption for other particular types of organizations not meeting any of
560-572: The United States under section 501(c)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code as social clubs. Common ventures for which NFPOs are established include: Charities, as NFPOs, function under the premise that any revenue generated should be used to further their charitable missions rather than distribute profits among members. This revenue might come from donations, fundraising, or other activities undertaken to support their charitable cause. Tax exemption Tax exemption generally refers to
595-589: The ability of the lower tier system to levy tax as well as how certain aspects of such lower tier system work, including the granting of tax exemptions. The restrictions may be imposed directly on the lower jurisdiction's power to levy tax or indirectly by regulating tax effects of the exemption at the upper tier. Jurisdictions may enter into agreements with other jurisdictions that provide for reciprocal tax exemption. Such provisions are common in an income tax treaty . These reciprocal tax exemptions typically call for each contracting jurisdiction to exempt certain income of
630-497: The above categories. Some jurisdictions allow tax exemption for organizations exempt from tax in certain other jurisdictions. For example, most U.S. states allow tax exemption for organizations recognized for Federal tax purposes as tax exempt. Most states and localities imposing sales and use taxes in the United States exempt resellers from sales taxes on goods held for sale and ultimately sold. In addition, most such states and localities exempt from sales taxes goods used directly in
665-410: The benefits are unusable. These exemptions might only be used for purchases necessary for the mission’s functioning. The mission is only available to be exempt from tax if the mission has a valid tax exemption card, the stay is required in support of the mission’s diplomatic or consular functions and the costs are paid with a cheque, credit card, or a wire transfer in the name of the mission. This card
700-410: The board directors to propose firing him, but they were not successful. The theatre stopped running at a financial deficit during Newton's tenure. His successor, Jackie Maxwell , was appointed in 2003 and expanded the theatre's scope further to include works that were set in the same time period as Shaw. By doing so, she was able to allow "strategic integration of female, Canadian and nonwhite voices into
735-550: The company in 1967. During his tenure, he established the Festival Theatre. Queen Elizabeth II , Indira Gandhi , and Pierre Elliot Trudeau were among those who attended performances at the Shaw Festival Theatre during its inaugural season in 1973. Tony Van Bridge was the interim artistic director for the 1974–75 season. Christopher Newton had declined previous offers to serve as artistic director for
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#1732772477073770-459: The festival's programming and casting". In 2003, a production of The Coronation Voyage was the first time a show that was written by a living playwright was featured at the Shaw Festival. In the summer of 2015, it was announced that Tim Carroll would take over as artistic director and Tim Jennings as executive director. They announced Carroll's inaugural 2017 season in August 2016. In 2020, most of
805-410: The festival. Former venue : Court House Theatre (1962–2017, 327 seats) Not-for-profit organization A not-for-profit or non-for-profit organization ( NFPO ) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives. An NFPO does not earn profit for its owners, as any revenue generated by its activities must be put back into
840-404: The more commonly granted exemptions are: Exemption from tax often requires that certain conditions be met. Many countries that impose tax have subdivisions or subsidiary jurisdictions that also impose tax. This feature is not unique to federal systems, like the U.S., Switzerland and Australia, but rather is a common feature of national systems. The top tier system may impose restrictions on both
875-845: The organization apply for tax-exempt status with the Internal Revenue Service, or be a religious or apostolic organization. The U.S. system does not distinguish between various kinds of tax-exempt entities (such as educational versus charitable) for purposes of granting exemption, but does make such distinctions with respect to allowing a tax deduction for contributions. The UK generally exempts public charities from business rates , corporation tax, income tax, and certain other taxes. Most systems exempt internal governmental units from all tax. For multi-tier jurisdictions, this exemption generally extends to lower tier units and across units. For example, state and local governments are not subject to Federal, state, or local income taxes in
910-454: The organization. While not-for-profit organizations and non-profit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs. An NFPO does not have
945-455: The production of other goods (i.e., raw materials). Certain classes of persons may be granted a full or partial tax exemption within a system. Common exemptions are for veterans, clergymen or taxpayers with children (who can take "dependency exemption" for each qualifying dependent who has lived with the taxpayer. The dependent can be a natural child, step-child, step-sibling, half-sibling, adopted child, eligible foster child, or grandchild, and
980-613: The productions scheduled for that season were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario . The theatre company reduced financial losses through production cancelletions, donations, government subsidies, and insurance. On June 12, 1973, the Shaw Festival opened its first permanent theatre, the Queen's Parade . Dates listed are when the theatre's association with the Shaw Festival began; The Court House and Royal George theatres predate
1015-457: The saint could fall on anyone who violated this to reimpose taxes. During some of the historical Muslim caliphates, those who believed or converted to Islam could be tax exempt. The inhabitants of Domrémy-la-Pucelle in France, were given tax exemption when Charles VII of France received a request from Joan of Arc to exempt the community (which was her home town) from taxes. This community
1050-458: The same obligation as an NPO to serve the public good, and as such it may be used to apply for tax-exempt status as an organization that serves its members and does not have the goal of generating profit. An example of this is a sports club , which exists for the enjoyment of its members and thus would function well as an NFPO, with revenue being re-invested into improving the organization. These organizations typically file for tax exemption in
1085-435: The tax law itself. There are several different approaches used in granting exemption to organizations. Different approaches may be used within a jurisdiction or especially within sub-jurisdictions. Some jurisdictions grant an overall exemption from taxation to organizations meeting certain definitions. The United Kingdom, for example, provides an exemption from rates (property taxes), and income taxes for entities governed by
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1120-648: The theatre's scope. As of 2019, the theatre company was considered to be one of the largest 20 employers in the Niagara Region . The Festival's roots can be traced to 1962 when Brian Doherty and Calvin Rand staged a summertime "Salute to Shaw" at the Court House Theatre . For eight weekends, Doherty and his crew produced Shaw's Don Juan in Hell and Candida . Paxton Whitehead took over management of
1155-633: The types of income that may be included are classes of income earned in specific areas, such as special economic zones, enterprise zones, etc. These exemptions may be limited to specific industries. As an example, India provides SEZs where exporters of goods or providers of services to foreign customers may be exempt from income taxes and customs duties. Certain types of property are commonly granted exemption from property or transaction (such as sales or value added) taxes. These exemptions vary highly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and definitions of what property qualifies for exemption can be voluminous. Among
1190-773: Was exempt from taxes until the time of French revolution, when the republican government restored taxation. In the Ottoman Empire, tax breaks for descendants of Muhammad encouraged many people to buy certificates of descent or forge genealogies; the phenomenon of teseyyüd – falsely claiming noble ancestry – spread across ethnic, class, and religious boundaries. In the 17th century, an Ottoman bureaucrat estimated that there were 300,000 impostors; In 18th-century Anatolia, nearly all upper-class urban people claimed descent from Muhammad. The number of people claiming such ancestry – which exempted them from taxes such as avarız and tekalif-i orfiye – became so great that tax collection
1225-417: Was very difficult. Most income tax systems exclude certain classes of income from the taxable income base. Such exclusions may be referred to as exclusions or exemptions. Systems vary highly. Among the more commonly excluded items are: Some tax systems specifically exclude from income items that the system is trying to encourage. Such exclusions or exemptions can be quite specific or very general. Among
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