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84-837: Sigma Chi is divided into seven operational entities: the Sigma Chi Fraternity, the Sigma Chi Foundation, the Sigma Chi Canadian Foundation, the Risk Management Foundation, Constantine Capital Inc., the Blue and Gold Travel Services, and the newly organised Sigma Chi Leadership Institute. Like all fraternities, Sigma Chi has its own colors, insignia, and rituals. According to the fraternity's constitution, "the purpose of this fraternity shall be to cultivate and maintain

168-594: A Liberty pole surmounted by a Phrygian cap , which had been a pre-eminent symbol of freedom during the movement of Neoclassicism (and traces its roots back to Ancient Greece and Rome). Although it had fallen out of favor in Europe by 1830, Neoclassicism remained in vogue in the United States until after the American Civil War . Liberty's right hand rested on the top corner of a striped shield with

252-489: A Confederate counter-attack, but continued until wounded again with a shot through the right jaw. He was thought to be mortally wounded, and Whitelaw Reid, then a correspondent for the Cincinnati Gazette, had seen Runkle's wounds and filed a glowing obituary saying in part "He died a hero. Green grow the grass above his grave." Runkle not only survived but outlived Reid, and in turn praised him in an obituary. He

336-399: A diagonal banner inscribed with the word "Liberty". The shield represented preparedness in the defense of freedom. The date of the coin appeared on the bottom below Liberty. The basic reverse design of Seated Liberty coins depended on the denomination. The size of half dimes and dimes necessitated a smaller array of elements. On these coins, the reverse consistently featured a wreath around

420-496: A dinner for their brothers in an attempt to seal the rift. Whitelaw Reid , one of the other brothers who supported the Delta Kappa Epsilon member as poet, was the only one to arrive. Reid brought a Delta Kappa Epsilon alumnus named Minor Millikin from a nearby town. Reid had told Millikin his side of the dispute and they had arrived to punish the group for not supporting their Delta Kappa Epsilon brother. The leaders of

504-459: A few alumni as well as a few undergraduate chapters believed some of the prerequisites for membership in Sigma Chi were outdated and should be changed or eliminated. This led to the first discussions about membership within the fraternity that continued until early in 1970. Until this time, membership requirements had specified that a potential member must be a "bona fide white male student". After

588-436: A striped shield upon its breast. The eagle clutched an olive branch of peace in its right talons and a group of arrows in its left talons. Above the eagle around the rim were the words "United States of America" and below the eagle around the rim lay the coin denomination. The design was a version of a John Reich eagle which was originally designed in 1807 for Capped Bust coinage, and redrawn by Gobrecht. Beginning in 1866,

672-432: Is Sigma Chi's suggested beneficiary. The organization was introduced to the fraternity by Olsen in 1992. Since then Sigma Chi alumni and undergraduate chapters have raised more than 6.9 million for CMNH. Every chapter has a CMNH affiliate within less than 200 miles, with each chapter donating to the nearest affiliated hospital. The Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCF/HCI) is Sigma Chi's preferred charitable partner. It

756-620: Is a charitable and educational tax-exempt organization, separate and independent from the Fraternity, whose express purpose is to serve as an educational funding resource for the undergraduate and graduate student members of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. A Board of Governor governs the Foundation. The Foundation's President and CEO is Ashley Woods and the Foundation's offices are based in Evanston, Illinois. The Sigma Chi Canadian Foundation

840-505: Is a series of charity events held by all Sigma Chi chapters. Throughout the course of a week, a participating chapter organizes and hosts a series of events and competitions among their campus' sororities. Money is raised through either donations, or through fundraising-type events. Hosting a Derby Days event is not mandatory for any chapter. A common event held across many campuses is the Derby Run, where brothers must wear derbies throughout

924-660: Is all donated to the Huntsman Cancer Foundation. $ 300,007 is the most money raised in a single event by any single Greek Organization in the world. In honor of notable Sigma Chi alumni and NFL Hall of Fame inductee Merlin Olsen , September 15 is recognized by the fraternity as the Merlin Olsen Day of Service. On this day, members of the fraternity are encouraged to volunteer to improve their communities. Children's Miracle Network Hospitals (CMNH)

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1008-560: Is awarded to alumni members who have devoted long and distinguished service to the Fraternity. The Semi-Century Sig Award is given to brothers who have been active in the fraternity for 50 years or more. Most undergraduate chapters elect a female associated with the chapter as the chapter sweetheart. At each Grand Chapter, the fraternity chooses a Sweetheart from one chapter to be the International Sweetheart of Sigma Chi for two years. The International Sweetheart Award

1092-518: Is given each year to one graduating senior who excels in four criteria; scholarship, character , Fraternity service and campus leadership. The fraternity also gives out three alumni awards: The Significant Sig Award is given to a member who has excelled greatly in his field of study or occupation. The first seven Significant Sig awards were given to George Ade , Roy Chapman Andrews , John T. McCutcheon , Chase S. Osborn , James Wallington, F. Dudleigh Vernor, and Samuel P. Cowley. The Order of Constantine

1176-626: Is presented based on personality, character, campus involvement, Sigma Chi activities, general accomplishments, poise, and grace. Each nominee must be the sweetheart of an undergraduate chapter for the year nominated and a student at the nominating chapter's university. Judy Garland was a Sigma Chi Sweetheart from the Ohio State University chapter and Faye Dunaway was a Sigma Chi Sweetheart from The University of Florida chapter. The Military Service Recognition Pin recognizes honorably discharged veterans or currently serving members of

1260-544: Is the Canadian counterpart of The Sigma Chi Foundation. It serves independently of both the fraternity and the American foundation. It was formed by Canadian Sigma Chi Alumni as a registered charitable foundation to provide a tax-effective way for Canadian Sigma Chi to support the educational pursuits of Canadian undergraduate chapters. The Foundation is guided by a Chair and a Board of Directors of alumni members. Derby Days

1344-515: Is the reference manual of the Fraternity. It was authorized by the 24th Grand Consul Herbert C. Arms at the 1924 Grand Chapter. It was first compiled in 1929 by Arthur Vos, Jr. and based on the booklet he prepared for the Beta Mu chapter at the University of Colorado at Boulder which Vos indicated was based on the material contained in the 1922 Manual and Directory. It contained biographies of

1428-709: The Beta Omega chapter was installed at the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario thus making Sigma Chi an international fraternity. The Sigma Chi Foundation was created on November 9, 1939, when the Sigma Chi Endowment Foundation was incorporated in Colorado . This educational endowment was first discussed in 1898 by alumni who wanted to assist undergraduates financially so they could finish their undergraduate studies. The world wars of

1512-536: The Bland-Allison Act caused a drastic curtailment in the mintages of Seated Liberty half dollars, quarters, and even dimes until 1883, there was increased criticism and calls for its replacement, partially due to changing artistic tastes. Wendell Phillips admonished college students to "sit not, like the figure on our silver coin, ever looking backward." This led to the new "Barber Head" design , approved by President Harrison in 1891 and which began minting

1596-680: The Confederacy , kept a record of all Sigma Chis within his vicinity on the flyleaf of his diary during the Civil War . He began planning a Confederate Army chapter of Sigma Chi with this information. On September 17, 1864 Dixon founded the Constantine chapter of Sigma Chi during the Atlanta campaign with Harry Yerger, a brother from Mississippi who was in Dixon's division. Dixon stated

1680-866: The dime , the quarter , the half dollar , and until 1873 the silver dollar . Another coin that appeared exclusively in the Seated Liberty design was the twenty cent piece . This coin was produced from 1875 to 1878, and was discontinued because it looked very similar to the quarter. Seated Liberty coinage was minted at the main United States Mint in Philadelphia , as well as the branch mints in New Orleans , San Francisco , and Carson City . Mint Director R. M. Patterson sought to change U.S. coinage as early as 1835 from using bust-style designs to something closer to British copper coinage of

1764-594: The 20th century took the lives of 103 Sigs in World War I and 738 in World War II . A great resurgence in undergraduate activity followed World War II due to an increase in chapter memberships. This increase was caused by the men returning from military service who went back to school and the usual addition of new brothers. During World War II, it became apparent to the General Fraternity officers that

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1848-670: The 3rd Brigade of the 4th Division of the XXIII Corps in Kentucky and Tennessee and participated in Sherman's Atlanta Campaign at the battles of Rocky Face Ridge and Resaca . Runkle was honorably mustered out July 21, 1864, and on August 29, 1864, he was appointed lieutenant colonel in the Veteran Reserve Corps where he commanded the 21st Regiment until the war ended. While in the Veteran Reserve Corps, Runkle

1932-610: The Board of Grand Trustees, two Grand Praetors elected by the Praetorial College, one alumnus member-at-large, two undergraduate representatives elected by the undergraduate delegates from each chapter, and the two most recent International Balfour Award winners. The committee regulates the budget and expenditures as well as assign duties to the International Headquarters staff. The Sigma Chi Foundation

2016-585: The Bust type of half dime. The large date can be distinguished by the fact that the date is more in a straight line, similar to dates of later years for the Seated Liberty. Only the Philadelphia Mint made half dimes in this year. The Liberty Seated dime of 1838 minted in New Orleans was the first U.S. coin struck at a branch mint. The next year, the coins featured thirteen six-pointed stars around

2100-715: The California-Berkeley chapter's location on Channing Way and College Avenue, the event spread to other chapters who created their own Derby Day. The most money raised by any Sigma Chi chapter was the Iota Psi chapter at Rutgers University in the fall of 2016. The brothers of the Iota Psi chapter raised $ 300,007 with the help of the eight sororities at the University: Zeta Tau Alpha, Phi Sigma Sigma, Sigma Delta Tau, Phi Mu, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Sigma Kappa, and Alpha Gamma Delta. This money

2184-773: The Erodelphian Literary Society of Miami University in Ohio . Several members of Miami University's Delta Kappa Epsilon chapter (of which all but one of Sigma Chi's founders were members) were also members of the Erodelphian Literary Society. In the fall of 1854 the literary society was to elect its poet and a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon was nominated for the position. He was supported by five of his brothers, but four others, James Caldwell, Isaac Jordan, Benjamin Runkle, and Franklin Scobey, supported another man who

2268-625: The Executive Committee, Grand Trustees, Grand Praetors, members of the Leadership Training Board and one undergraduate from each province. It may amend the Statutes or Executive Committee Regulations. The Executive Committee meets at least four times a year. The Executive Committee consists of 12 members; Grand Consul, Grand Pro Consul, Grand Quaestor, the immediate Past Grand Consul, a Grand Trustee elected by

2352-493: The Huntsman Cancer Institute and have raised their pledge to an additional $ 20 million, for a $ 31 total pledge. In calendar year 2023, Sigma Chi undergraduate chapters raised $ 2,711,368. Sigma Chi gives out two undergraduate awards, The Peterson Significant Chapter Award, which is given to chapters who show a strong performance in all areas of chapter operations , and The International Balfour Award, which

2436-694: The Norman Shield is a scroll and a crest of an eagle's head holding a key. Below it, the fraternity's public motto, "In Hoc Signo Vinces" is placed on a scroll. It can be translated as, "In this sign, thou shalt conquer." Officers in undergraduate chapters mostly have titles derived from Imperial Rome . The top officers of each chapter are known as the Consul (president), Pro Consul (vice-president), Annotator (secretary), Quaestor (treasurer), Magister (pledge trainer), Kustos (sergeant-at-arms), Tribune (communications), Risk Manager, and Historian. Those titles are

2520-652: The Ohio River at Covington, Kentucky , where they participated in the Defense of Cincinnati . In mid–February the regiment was mounted at Danville, Kentucky , and Colonel Runkle commanded the brigade formed by the mounted 45th Ohio along with the 7th Ohio Cavalry and 10th Kentucky Cavalry regiments. Runkle's men broke the enemy line at the Battle of Dutton's Hill in Somerset, Kentucky on March 30, 1863, and he

2604-475: The Order, whether we failed or not in our struggle for independence. Dixon and Yerger contacted all brothers listed in the diary who could come to the meeting. They met at night in a deserted log cabin a few miles southwest of Atlanta. Dixon later wrote, The cabin was in a state of frightful dilapidation. Its rude walls and rafters were covered with soot and cobwebs, and the floor showed evidences of having been

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2688-669: The President. This petition was referred by Grant to the Judge Advocate General for review. Runkle objected to the court-martial specifically because President Grant had appointed the officers which served on it. Initially, General Joseph Holt, the Judge Advocate General, determined that the court-martial conformed to the Articles of War and that because the president, as commander in chief, had an inherent authority to convene courts-martial, Grant's role in Runkle's trial

2772-547: The State of Kentucky in 1870, he was placed on the retired list as major, but continued as a disbursing officer until he was arrested and tried before a court-martial for financial irregularities on the part of his sub-agents for "alleged failures to pay, or to pay in full". The court-martial found Runkle guilty of conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman and of violating the March 2, 1863, c. 67, § 1, Act of Congress. His sentence

2856-569: The appointment on March 12, 1866. He served as the Chief Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bureau for Memphis, Tennessee during the violent Memphis Riots of 1866 on May 1, 1866, where, since he had few troops available, he was powerless to protect the black Union veterans who had been mustered out of the army the previous day. On January 7, 1869, Runkle became the head Superintendent of Freedmen's Affairs, State of Kentucky. Since

2940-412: The armed forces who are in good standing with the Sigma Chi Fraternity. The pin consists of a single Norman-style sword thrust upward with a small Sigma Chi Norman Shield with a cross embossed upon it placed upon the lower end of the blade just above the hilt and is to be worn on the brother's lapel. The Military service pin concept and design was created by Life Loyal Sig Anthony Dauer Theta Beta 1993 and

3024-419: The army remained in effect. Under the law at that time, any court martial sentence involving an officer's dismissal in peacetime needed to be confirmed by the President and there was no indication in this order that the conviction was confirmed by President Ulysses S. Grant himself. On the same day that he was cashiered, Runkle petitioned President Grant, complaining that his sentence had not been confirmed by

3108-497: The coin to a die crack at various stages. This type of collecting has been popular with Bust half dollars for well over 100 years. Seated coin collecting by variety has grown over the last 30 years with the formation of the Liberty Seated Collectors Club. The Seated Liberty design remained standard on all American coins ranging from half dimes to half dollars for decades, but by 1879 — the year after

3192-402: The coins featured a ribbon with the motto "In God We Trust" above the eagle. When the first Seated Liberty half dimes and dimes appeared in 1837, the obverse contained no stars. There are two varieties; the large date and the small date. For the dime, these two types can be distinguished by noting the "3" and the "7" in the date. In the large date variety, the "3" has a pointed serif at top, and

3276-516: The creation of the "Sigma Chi Derby Days". Some of the awards created during this time include the Significant Sig Award in 1935 and the Order of Constantine in 1948. As of the beginning of the 20th century, Sigma Chi had installed a total of 74 chapters with 58 still active. Having only established a centralized form of government in 1922, Sigma Chi was installing new chapters at a rate of about one chapter per year. On April 22, 1922,

3360-504: The date of the Hayes order going forward and back pay to the date he was dismissed. In 1882, he made a claim for additional longevity pay, which was referred to the Court of Claims. In the Court of Claims, however, the government challenged his right to any pay at all, asserting that Hayes did not have the right to revoke the 1873 order confirming Runkle's dismissal, and demanded Runkle reimburse

3444-485: The day, while sisters in participating sororities attempt to steal them. According to the International Fraternity's official website, the basic mission of Derby Days is to serve the community. According to archival information at Sigma Chi International Headquarters, the first "Derby Day" event was held in 1916 at the University of California-Berkeley . Then known as the "Channing Way Derby" because of

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3528-425: The era. Engraver William Kneass sketched the initial design, but was unable to complete the project due to a stroke. The design was drawn by Thomas Sully and Titian Peale, and the final engraved design was made by Mint engraver Christian Gobrecht . The basic obverse design of the Seated Liberty coinage consisted of the figure of Liberty clad in a flowing dress and seated upon a rock. In her left hand, she holds

3612-525: The first discussion in 1948 at the Grand Chapter in Seattle , the committee on Constitutional Amendments tabled the issue pending a further study of the problem to be reported to the 1950 Grand Chapter. The study showed that the issue was "very hot" on 13 campuses with Sigma Chi chapters and only "lukewarm" on a dozen other campuses. During this time period, the remaining four founders of Sigma Chi of

3696-536: The first half of the 20th century the General Fraternity expanded in many places. In 1899, the fraternity adopted the flag design created by Henry V. Vinton. In 1901 the Grand Chapter approved the Fraternity's pledge pin. In 1903 at the Grand Chapter in Detroit the Board of Grand Trustees was established. In 1922 the Alpha Beta chapter at University of California, Berkeley held the "Channingway Derby" which led to

3780-877: The founders, significant alumni, a history of the Fraternity, the Constitution and Statutes, and other writings relevant to the fraternity. As of 2023, the fraternity has sixteen associate chapters or colonies. Sigma Chi has alumni who are notable in many different industries and fields. In athletics Sigma Chi has 5 MLB all-stars , 6 World Series champions , 7 NFL All-Pro players, 6 Super Bowl champions , 2 NCAA Basketball champions , and 3 Olympic medal holders. Some of these notable Sigs include Mike Holmgren , Mike Ditka , Bob Griese , Drew Brees , Sean Payton , Joe Gordon , Jay Wright , and Eric Fonoimoana . In politics Sigma Chi has had 24 U.S. Representatives , 11 U.S. Senators , 8 United States Governors , 5 Lieutenant governors , and 1 United States President through

3864-600: The fraternity's sixty-first birthday. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Section 1, Grave 240, in Virginia . United States Seated Liberty coinage The Seated Liberty portrait designs appeared on most regular-issue silver United States coinage from 1836 through 1891. The denominations which featured the Goddess of Liberty in a Seated Liberty design included the half dime ,

3948-492: The government for the pay he had received following Hayes' disapproval of the court-martial decision. Runkle appealed to the Supreme Court, which found in his favor, ruling that Runkle was never legally dismissed from the army, and was entitled to longevity pay, as well as the regular pay he already received, both before and after Secretary Belknap's order was revoked. When he retired from military service in 1870, Runkle

4032-420: The government had announced plans to terminate Freedmen's bureau operations in Kentucky, Runkle and his caretaker staff presided over bureau school closings and the dispersal of the remaining funds, which were completed in the summer of 1870, although the veterans' claim offices remained open through June 1872. While serving as both an active duty army major and as a disbursing officer of the Freedmen's Bureau for

4116-677: The group as there was already a Sigma Phi Society. Much of Sigma Chi's heraldry was inspired by the legendary story of the Emperor Constantine from the Battle of Milvian Bridge against Maxentius . The White Cross and the motto " In Hoc Signo Vinces " are examples of the Constantine link. Harry St. John Dixon, a brother from the Psi chapter at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia , who fought for

4200-543: The high ideals of friendship, justice, and learning upon which Sigma Chi was founded." The fraternity has been temporarily disbanded due to deadly fighting. Sigma Chi was founded in 1855 by Benjamin Piatt Runkle , Thomas Cowan Bell , William Lewis Lockwood, Isaac M. Jordan , Daniel William Cooper, Franklin Howard Scobey, and James Parks Caldwell as the result of a disagreement over who would be elected Poet in

4284-590: The honorary membership of Grover Cleveland to the University of Michigan chapter. Among Sigma Chi's notable actors include 9 Emmy Award winners, 5 Screen Actors Guild Award winners, 4 Golden Globe Award winners, and 3 Academy Award winners. These notable alumni include Brad Pitt , John Wayne , Tom Selleck , Brian Dennehy , Woody Harrelson , David Letterman , and Ty Burrell . Benjamin Piatt Runkle Benjamin Piatt Runkle (September 3, 1836 – June 28, 1916)

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4368-426: The horizontal element of the "7" is straight. In the small date variety, the "3" has a rounded serif, and there is small a knob, or bulge, in the "7" horizontal element. Only the Philadelphia Mint made both varieties. The small date is slightly rarer. The New Orleans Mint made only one variety. For the half dime, the small date can be distinguished by the fact that it is slightly bent in a "smile" orientation, similar to

4452-527: The judge ruled in favor of the faculty's decision. He also ruled, however, that the faculty had no right to deny Hawley from his classes based on the fraternity issue. The case was brought to the Indiana Supreme Court , which reversed the decision on June 21, 1882. This victory for Sigma Chi also allowed other fraternities at Purdue and led to the Purdue president's resignation in 1883. During

4536-503: The mint also placed rays around the eagle on the reverse of half dollars and quarters, a feature which endured for that one year only. In 1860 the U.S. Mint eliminated the stars on the obverse of Seated Liberty half dimes and dimes , replacing them with the legend "United States of America", which had previously appeared around the wreath on the reverse of the coins . Before this time, half dimes and dimes minted in New Orleans and San Francisco had featured their mintmarks inside

4620-565: The officers of the Fraternity as well as alter or amend the Constitution, Statutes, and Executive Committee Regulations. It may grant or revoke charters as well as discipline any chapter, officer or member. The most recent Sigma Chi Grand Chapter was held in Toronto, Ontario on June 22–25, 2023. The Grand Council meets every year when no Grand Chapter is held. The Grand Council consists of the Grand Officers, Past Grand Consuls, members of

4704-406: The organization was founded under the name Sigma Phi Fraternity . Lockwood used his business training to help organize the fraternity in its early years. The eventual theft of Sigma Phi's constitution, rituals, seals, and other records from Lockwood's room in Oxford in January 1856 prompted them to change the name of the fraternity to Sigma Chi. It is possible this action could have been forced upon

4788-426: The original seven all died; Daniel William Cooper was the last founder to die. Cooper's death led up to the Fraternity gaining one of its most priceless objects, Cooper's Sigma Phi badge. Cooper's body was sent by train to his final resting place in Pittsburgh , and the Beta Theta chapter at the University of Pittsburgh was given the privilege to administer his memorial service. On December 13, 1920, Cooper's body

4872-436: The prefix of "Grand". The Grand Consul is the international president of Sigma Chi. He presides over the Executive Committee and the Grand Chapter. Grand Chapter is the supreme legislative body of Sigma Chi and convenes on odd numbered years. It is composed of one delegate from each active undergraduate chapter and alumni chapter, the Grand Consul and Past Grand Consuls, each being entitled to one vote. The Grand Chapter elects

4956-516: The primary officers common to all chapters. Chapters also have other positions, such as Social Chairman, Sports Chairman, Scholarship Chairman, House Manager, Recruitment Chairman, etc., plus other positions and titles varying from chapter to chapter. Alumni chapter positions and duties may also vary from chapter to chapter. Alumni chapters use the more common office titles such as: president, vice-president, secretary, and treasurer. The international organization uses similar Roman titles, typically with

5040-416: The purpose of relief in distress, and communication in a case of need, with our Northern brethren. In the ruin at hand my sentiment was to preserve the lofty principles typified by the White Cross. I know that I had no authority to establish a chapter of Sigma Chi outside a college, or at all; but, isolated as we were, I thought I should raise the standard and fix a rallying point. By doing so we should preserve

5124-484: The reasons for which the war-time chapter was created saying, It was ascertained that a number of the fraternity were in the army of Tennessee under General Joseph E. Johnston during the Atlanta campaign in 1864. It was conceded that the South was forever disunited from the general government, and it was assumed that all chapters throughout the South would cease to exist. Furthermore, it was deemed expedient that we brothers should know each other and our several commands for

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5208-412: The rebellion, Runkle and Scobey, were to be expelled from the fraternity. The other four would be allowed to stay in the fraternity. Runkle resigned, and after the parent chapter at Yale University was contacted, all six men were formally expelled. The six men decided to form their own fraternity along with William Lewis Lockwood, a student from New York who had not joined a fraternity. On June 28, 1855,

5292-430: The resting place of sundry heaps of sheep. Dixon was elected "Sigma" (president) and Yerger was elected "Chi" (vice president); the chapter also initiated two men. The only badge in the chapter was one Dixon had made from a silver half-dollar . The last meeting was held New Year's Day 1865. The men at that meeting passed a resolution to pay a "tribute of respect" to the four brothers from the chapter who had died during

5376-479: The rim, commemorating the original Thirteen Colonies . The Seated Liberty coins featured a few minor design changes over the years. Around 1840 (the exact date depends upon the denomination), extra drapery was added to Liberty's left elbow. In 1853 and 1873, the U.S. Mint changed the weight of each denomination of silver coins. Both times, arrows were added to the coins on each side of the date. These were removed from coins in 1856 and 1875, respectively. In 1853,

5460-437: The school. The Sigma Chi chapter at Purdue, which was already established at the university, sent petitions to the faculty and pleaded their case to the board of trustees , but was unsuccessful in changing the rule. In the fall of 1881, Thomas P. Hawley applied for admission to the university. Having already been initiated into Sigma Chi, Hawley refused to sign the pledge and was denied admission. Hawley took Purdue to court, but

5544-425: The upper arm, an eagle's head lies in the left arm, and a scroll lies in its right arm. In the bottom arm lie two clasped hands and seven stars. The seal of Sigma Chi is circular. On the outer edge is "Sigma Chi Fraternity" and at the bottom are the numbers "1855". In the middle lie seven stars and a seven-branched candlestick. The crest of Sigma Chi is a blue Norman Shield with a white cross in its center. On top of

5628-441: The war. In May 1939 the Constantine chapter Memorial was erected by Sigma Chi in memory of the Constantine chapter and its members. The memorial is located on U.S. 41 in Clayton County , Georgia . In 1876, Emerson E. White became president of Purdue University . He required each applicant for admission to sign a pledge "not to join or belong to any so-called Greek society or other college secret society " while attending

5712-414: The words "half dime" or "one dime". Before 1860, this wreath consisted of laurel leaves, a traditional Neoclassical image, but beginning that year, the wreath was enlarged and was filled not only with leaves , but also traditional American agricultural products, such as corn and wheat . On quarter, half dollar, and silver dollar coins, the reverse featured a central eagle about to take flight, with

5796-404: The wreaths. Afterwards, the "O" and "S" (and, later, the "CC" for Carson City ) mintmarks were located below the wreath next to the rim. On quarters, half dollars, and silver dollars, the mintmarks were always placed below the eagle but above the coin currency on the reverse. Many people collect Seated coinage by variety. This can range from a repunched mintmark to the position of a date on

5880-399: Was a major and brevetted colonel in the Regular Army . From 1879–1880 he studied at the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Gambier, Ohio and from 1880–1885 served as rector of parishes at Galena, Ohio, Midland, Michigan, Minneapolis, Minnesota and Greencastle, Indiana. Runkle married his second wife, Lalla McMicken, February 10, 1894, in Los Angeles, California. Runkle

5964-458: Was an American military officer, Episcopal priest , and Freemason , who is noted as being one of the seven founders of Sigma Chi fraternity . Prior to joining the clergy, he served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He served as Chief Superintendent of Freedmen's Affairs in Kentucky , and was plaintiff in the Supreme Court case Runkle v. United States . Runkle also twice served as trustee of Miami University . Runkle

6048-529: Was assigned to work at the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau) where he served as Chief Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bureau for Memphis, Tennessee. On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Runkle for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from November 9, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed

6132-782: Was born January 15, 1859, in Findlay, Ohio. After college, he studied law under General Samson Mason in Springfield and was admitted to the bar in July, 1859. He was the 1860 Democratic candidate for the Ohio State Senate. Runkle volunteered for an Ohio militia company and, when the Civil War began, it became a part of the 13th Ohio Infantry . Runkle was commissioned as a captain in the 13th Ohio Infantry on April 22, 1861, and served as such until November 8, 1861, when he

6216-473: Was born in West Liberty, Ohio , to Ralph Edwin Runkle and Hannah Isabella Piatt. He attended Geneva College and, later, Miami University , from which he graduated in July 1857. While attending Miami University, Runkle became a Freemason as well as one of the seven original founders of the Sigma Chi fraternity. Runkle married Venitia Reynolds on June 4, 1857, and their daughter, Maud Elizabeth Runkle,

6300-597: Was chosen at Sigma Chi's 150th anniversary celebration in 2005. The Huntsman Cancer Institute today is dedicated to researching the causes, treatments, and preventative methods of cancer. The institute was founded in 1995 by Sigma Chi alumnus, and founder of the Huntsman Corporation , Jon M. Huntsman Sr. Huntsman has donated more than 350 million dollars to the institute, and has encouraged his fellow brothers to contribute as well. By 2023, Sigma Chi undergraduate chapters had raised over $ 21 million to support

6384-479: Was conveyed to the Beta Theta chapter house, where Beta Theta Consul Donald E. Walker removed Cooper's Sigma Phi Badge and replaced it with his own. Beta Theta Pro-Consul, Regis Toomey , sang the hymn "With Sacred Circle Broken" before Cooper was taken to his final resting place. The badge of Sigma Chi is a white cross with white and black enamel. Two gold chains connect the two upper arms. Crossed keys are in

6468-441: Was first presented at the 2007 Grand Chapter. The Magazine of Sigma Chi is the official quarterly publication for undergraduate and alumni brothers of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. First published in 1881 at Gettysburg College , Theta chapter , as The Sigma Chi , publication eventually moved to Chicago and the name was changed to The Sigma Chi Quarterly . The name was later changed to The Magazine of Sigma Chi The Norman Shield

6552-452: Was imprisonment, payment of a fine, and dismissal from the army, where he had been serving on the retired list and drawing retired pay. The Secretary of War, William W. Belknap , reviewed the proceedings and in 1873 issued an order approving Runkle's conviction, but in consideration of his war service and wounds, granted Runkle executive clemency in the name of the President and eliminated the fine and prison sentence. However, his dismissal from

6636-406: Was not a member of the fraternity. Although Thomas Bell and Daniel Cooper were not members of Erodelphian they had aligned themselves with the four dissenting members. The chapter had twelve members total and were evenly divided on the issue. Both sides saw this as a matter of principle and over the next few months their friendships became distanced. In February 1855 Runkle and his companions planned

6720-543: Was promoted to lieutenant colonel in May 1862. After recovering from his wounds, on August 19, 1862, he was commissioned Colonel of the 45th Ohio Infantry . The regiment was ordered to Cynthiana, Kentucky , where it remained until General Kirby Smith 's advance following the Confederate victory at the Battle of Richmond , Kentucky on August 30, 1862, forced the 45th Ohio, along with the 99th Ohio Infantry , to pull back to

6804-617: Was promoted to the rank of major after the Battle of Carnifex Ferry . In April 1862 the 13th Ohio, then in Virginia, made a forced march to join General Don Carlos Buell 's forces in Kentucky, then continued on with Buell's forces to the Battle of Shiloh . Upon arrival, the regiment led an attack that captured the Washington Artillery Battery of New Orleans. He was shot through the feet during

6888-423: Was sound. It remained open when President Rutherford B. Hayes came into office, as President Grant had done nothing further in the matter. On the advice of Holt's successor, General William McKee Dunn, Hayes then picked it up as unfinished business and registered an order of disapproval, revoking the 1873 order dismissing Runkle. On the authority of the executive order, Runkle was given retirement pay – both from

6972-540: Was thanked for his gallantry on the field by Quincy Gillmore , the commanding general, who gave Colonel Runkle's command entire credit for the victory. Fought in the Battle at Monticello, Kentucky on May 1, 1863, where Confederate forces under General Pegram were driven from the field. From July 1863 to January 1864, while recovering from wounds, he served on the staff of Ohio governor David Tod and led Ohio Militia units in response to Morgan's Raid . He later commanded

7056-847: Was the only founder of Sigma Chi to become Grand Consul, serving as the seventh national president from 1895 to 1897. Runkle held commands at the Peekskill Military Academy , the Military School in Freehold, New Jersey, and at the Miami Military Institute in Germantown, Ohio from 1902 to 1909. He served as trustee of Miami University from 1863–1872 and from 1912 until his death. Runkle died at his home in Hillsboro, Ohio on June 28, 1916,

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