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19-433: Silver Sword or Silversword may refer to: Botany [ edit ] Silver Sword (botany) or Argyroxiphium , a genus of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae Silversword alliance , an adaptive radiation of around 30 species in the sunflower family, Asteraceae Entertainment [ edit ] The Silver Sword , a novel by Ian Serraillier Silversword ,

38-477: A 2011 fantasy role-playing game Silversword (comics) , a supervillain in the DC Comics universe The original title of the 1992 video game Wizards & Warriors III: Kuros: Visions of Power Silversword , a novel by American author Phyllis A. Whitney Other uses [ edit ] Silverswords , the athletic teams that represent Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaii Topics referred to by

57-426: A collection of several rosettes. In all Argyroxiphium species, long, narrow leaves contain interstitial gels hypothesized to function as water storage. For some species, leaves are covered with trichomes that provide protection from frost and create the plants' signature silver sheen. A silversword rosette grows for at least five years before flowering, though some species grow for up to 90 years before initiating

76-557: A fairly long lifespan with frequent reproduction. To an extent, there does seem to be an importance of the balance of these two traits as one study noted how plants that had a very short lifespan as well as plants that had a very long lifespan and also had little reproductive success were not found in any of the nearly 400 plants included in the study. Due to their reduced development, it has been noted how polycarpic plants have less energy to reproduce than monocarpic plants throughout their lifetimes. In addition, as its lifespan increases,

95-468: A larger radiation of over 50 species, including the physically different genera Dubautia and Wilkesia . This grouping is often referred to as the silversword alliance . Botanist P. H. Raven referred to this radiation as "the best example of adaptive radiation in plants". Species in Argyroxiphium are perennial , rosette -forming shrubs . They may consist of a single large rosette or

114-630: Is able to grow at high altitudes between 2,125 m (6,972 ft) and 3,750 m (12,300 ft) on cinder and lava with relatively little rainfall. The Haleakalā silversword ( A sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum ) is constrained to Haleakalā on Maui while the Mauna Kea silversword ( A. sandwicense ssp. sandwicense ) is specific to Mauna Kea on Hawaiʻi. Each of the other species is found primarily at lower altitudes with much higher annual rainfall. The Mauna Loa or Kaʻū silversword ( A. kauense ) has been classified as critically endangered and

133-405: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Silver Sword (botany) Argyrophyton Hook. Argyroxiphium is a small genus of plants in the family Asteraceae . Its members are known by the common names silversword or greensword due to their long, narrow leaves and the silvery hairs on some species. The silverswords belong to

152-631: Is known as the Pu'u 'Alaea greensword . now in Wilkesia Polycarpic Generally, in reference to life-history theory, plants will sacrifice their ability in one regard to improve themselves in another regard, so for polycarpic plants that may strive towards continued reproduction, they might focus less on their growth. However, these aspects may not necessarily be directly correlated and some plants, notably invasive species , do not follow this general trend and actually show

171-611: The bolting process. For monocarpic individuals with a single rosette, this ends in the death of the plant, though some individuals are polycarpic . The flowering stalks may be up to 1.5 metres (4.9 feet) tall, and are composed of up to 600 capitulae . These flower heads range in diameter from 1 cm (0.39 in) to 6 cm (2.4 in) and consist of a ring of pistillate ray florets around 30 to 600 disk florets. The corollae vary in color from wine red to yellow or white. Because they are self-incompatible and require cross-pollination by insects , many plants must flower at

190-462: The 1920s, but rebounded to over 6,500 individuals by 1970. On the other hand, the Mauna Kea silversword population was composed of approximately 50 naturally occurring individuals and 500 outplanted individuals in 1999. The East Maui greensword ( A. virescens ) is apparently extinct , but in 1989 plants were discovered that appear to be hybrids between it and the Haleakalā silversword . The hybrid

209-537: The Mauna Kea and Halekalā silverswords ( A. sandwichense ) have been classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List . Direct damage from humans and from ungulate browsing have significantly damaged silversword populations, but dedicated management efforts have resulted in successful conservation of some species. In particular, the Haleakalā silversword population reached a low of approximately 4,000 plants in

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228-424: The competition itself may not be impactful, the plants can still be subject to danger through concerns such as diseases and more. Even if polycarpic plants are faced with competition, there are many ways they might respond to it such as focusing more on growth than reproduction in the hopes that they would eventually overcome the competition to successfully reproduce, or, on the other hand, the threat of elimination of

247-595: The flowers of Californian tarweeds both include sticky bracts that provide adhesion to birds for seed dispersal . It is hypothesized that an individual plant from the Californian tarweeds was spread first to Kauaʻi, then spread to the other islands and developed into the silversword alliance. Silverswords are endemic to Hawaiʻi and occur only on the islands of Maui and Hawaiʻi . They grow primarily over 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above sea level in bogs , alpine shrublands , or wet shrublands . A. sandwichense

266-403: The gamut of morphological characteristics from the two genera. Together, Argyroxiphium , Dubautia , and Wilkesia make up the silversword alliance. The evolutionary roots of Argyroxiphium are the tarweeds in subtribe Madiinae . DNA analysis has revealed that silverswords form a clade within the Californian tarweed lineage. The relation is also physically evident—silversword capitulae and

285-429: The plant is also subject to more inconveniences due to its age, and thus might focus more towards adapting to it, resulting in less energy the plant is able to spend on reproduction. One trend that has been noticed throughout some studies is how quicker lifespans generally impact how quickly the plants increasingly expend their energy towards reproduction. However, the specific structure of polycarpic strategies depends on

304-420: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Silver Sword . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silver_Sword&oldid=920234480 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

323-440: The same time in relatively close proximity to set seed . A significant population must exist for enough individuals to flower simultaneously and allow pollination to occur. The single-seeded fruits are usually dispersed by wind. Despite their different appearances, silverswords are very closely related to the genus Dubautia . Sympatric species in Argyroxiphium and Dubautia often naturally produce fertile hybrids that run

342-619: The species might be too large that the plant focuses more strongly on reproduction, but this would ultimately impact their development, diminishing both their ability to grow and reproduce. This study reports that generally, when pressured, the polycarpic plant seems to focus more on reproduction, which may help them against competition as it allows them to become less overwhelmed. Generally, herbaceous plants will choose to focus on reproduction while woody plants will generally endure it as woody plants are usually able to endure more as well as live longer than herbaceous plants, which generally have

361-423: The specific plant and all polycarpic plants do not seem to have a uniform pattern of how energy is expended on reproduction. These strategies are not concrete and these strategies are also subject to being impacted by the random environmental factors or other functions of the plant itself. The threat of competition might also be influential in how polycarpic plants choose to reproduce. Some studies show that while

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