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28-490: Simbad may refer to: Simbad missile , a version of the Mistral Simbad robot simulator , a software simulator SIMBAD , a database of astronomical information 4692 SIMBAD , an asteroid named in honour of the astronomical database. See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Simbad Sinbad (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

56-443: A thermographic camera that senses infrared radiation . The sensors installed in forward-looking infrared cameras, as well as those of other thermal imaging cameras, use detection of infrared radiation, typically emitted from a heat source ( thermal radiation ), to create an image assembled for video output. They can be used to help pilots and drivers steer their vehicles at night and in fog, or to detect warm objects against

84-543: A cooler background. The wavelength of infrared that thermal imaging cameras detect is 3 to 12  μm and differs significantly from that of night vision , which operates in the visible light and near-infrared ranges (0.4 to 1.0  μm). Infrared light falls into two basic ranges: long-wave and medium-wave . Long-wave infrared (LWIR) cameras, sometimes called "far-infrared", operate at 8 to 12 μm and can see heat sources, such as hot engine parts or human body heat , several kilometers away. Longer-distance viewing

112-513: A gyro as a reference is adopted for Mistral, instead of the pursuit method in earlier IR-guided MANPADS. To further enhance the ECCM capability, the seeker of Mistral has a very narrow field of view to reject decoys and interference, the seeker can tilt in the range of +/− 38 degrees. On the launcher, the missile runs up the gyro in 2 seconds, and total reaction time is 5 seconds. The all-aspect two-color (2–4 and 3–5  μm ) cooled IR-seeker of Mistral

140-578: Is also carried on the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle , the Mistral -class amphibious assault ships and (SIMBAD-RC) is being installed on the French Navy's Jacques Chevallier -class support ships . Two Sadral turrets for Mistral were also installed on the raised deck on each side of the helicopter hangar of the former Cassard -class frigates . Space for the SADRAL/Mistral system

168-622: Is also provided for on the French Horizon-class frigates but, as of 2021, has not been installed on those vessels. Norway sent 100 Mistral systems to Ukraine shortly after the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . In response to the need for faster weapon shipments as a result of the war, in early 2023 MBDA started accelerating production of the Mistral 3 from 20 to 30 missiles per month, and to 40 per month by late 2023. The Mistral entered production in 1989 and

196-664: Is developed by SAT ( Societe Anonyme de Telecommunications ), and the missile adopts both laser proximity and impact fuzes. The MCP (Mistral Coordination Post) was first shown at the 1991 Paris Air Show fitted with SHORAR (Short-range Anti-aircraft Defence Radar) from Oerlikon Contraves. The MCP is designed to be used with a portable Mistral system, ATLAS, ALBI or MPCV systems and also used as part of MBDA Mistral missile Ground Based Air Defence (GBAD) systems for air defense of military units and important facilities. The MCP provides target designation and fire control for eleven Mistral firing unit, ALBI, ATLAS or MPCV air defence systems. The MCP

224-509: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Simbad missile Mistral is a short-range air defence (SHORAD) missile system that can be used from vehicles, surface ships, and helicopters, as well as in a portable configuration. The "Mistral" missile is transported in a transport and launch container (MPC) together with "friend or foe" interrogator, power source and tripod with its sighting devices. It differs from MANPADS systems in that it

252-506: Is made more difficult with LWIR because the infrared light is absorbed , scattered , and refracted by air and by water vapor. Some long-wave cameras require their detector to be cryogenically cooled, typically for several minutes before use, although some moderately sensitive infrared cameras do not require this. Many thermal imagers, including some forward-looking infrared cameras (such as some LWIR enhanced vision systems (EVS)) are also uncooled. Medium-wave (MWIR) cameras operate in

280-490: Is mounted on a truck chassis or any other off-road chassis. The newer version of MCP are called the IMCP or Improved Missile Control Post. A close-in weapon system based on Mistral is a six-missile version called Sadral , with a stabilized rapid-reload launcher that is fully automated. A CSEE developed fire control director is integrated to the launcher, consisted of TV camera and FLIR . Image produced by both directors appear on

308-399: Is necessarily fired from a structure bringing together the rail (support of the launcher tube), the aiming - designation - fire control system, and a pod (structure connecting the whole to the ground , a vehicle or any other platform). It can also be configured as an airborne (helicopter) or mechanized (remote or automated turret, land or naval) system. Unlike a MANPADS, it cannot be used from

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336-583: Is now deployed in various forms by 37 armed forces of 25 countries including Austria, the Brazilian Marine Corps , Chile, Colombia , Cyprus , Ecuador , Estonia , Finland, France, Hungary , Indonesia , Morocco , New Zealand, Oman , Pakistan , Philippines , South Korea, Singapore , Spain, and Venezuela . Norway donated their complete stock of Mistral missiles in 2022 to Ukraine. FLIR Forward-looking infrared ( FLIR ) cameras, typically used on military and civilian aircraft, use

364-499: The FBI conducted 10 aerial surveillance missions between April 29 and May 3, which included "infrared and day color, full-motion FLIR video evidence" collection, according to FBI spokesman Christopher Allen. A FLIR Talon multi-sensor camera system equipped with an infrared laser pointer (which is invisible to casual observers) for illumination purposes was used to gather data at night. The American Civil Liberties Union raised concerns over

392-544: The Supreme Court of Canada determined that the use of airborne FLIR in surveillance by police was permitted without requiring a search warrant. The Court determined that the general nature of the data gathered by FLIR did not reveal personal information of the occupants and therefore was not in violation of Tessling's Section 8 rights afforded under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982). Ian Binnie distinguished

420-610: The United States Supreme Court decided in Kyllo v. United States that performing surveillance of private property (ostensibly to detect high emission grow lights used in clandestine cannabis farming) using thermal imaging cameras without a search warrant by law enforcement violates the Fourth Amendment's protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. In the 2004 R. v. Tessling judgment,

448-410: The 3–5 μm range. These can see almost as well, since those frequencies are less affected by water-vapor absorption, but generally require a more expensive sensor array , along with cryogenic cooling. Many camera systems use digital image processing to improve the image quality. Infrared imaging sensor arrays often have wildly inconsistent sensitivities from pixel to pixel, due to limitations in

476-634: The Canadian National Aerial Surveillance Program DHC-8M-100 aircraft mounted with infrared sensors was instrumental in the search for Justin Bourque , a fugitive who had killed three Royal Canadian Mounted Police members in Moncton . The plane's crew used its advanced heat-sensing camera to discover Bourque's heat signature in the deep brushwoods at midnight. During 2015 Baltimore protests ,

504-515: The Canadian law with respect to the Kyllo judgment, by agreeing with the Kyllo minority that public officials should not have to avert their senses or their equipment from detecting emissions in the public domain such as excessive heat, traces of smoke, suspicious odors, odorless gases, airborne particulates, or radioactive emissions, any of which could identify hazards to the community. In June 2014,

532-464: The French Navy in the 2021–2023 period. The system replaced the previous Crotale system in order to provide a modernized defence against sea-skimming targets. The Mistral Mk 3 carries an infrared imaging seeker and possesses advanced image processing capabilities. This allows it to engage low thermal signature targets such as: UAVs, turbojet-powered missiles and fast craft at long range, while reportedly offering resistance to countermeasures. The system

560-623: The Raytheon AN/AAQ-26 are used in a variety of applications, including naval vessels , fixed-wing aircraft , helicopters , armored fighting vehicles , and military-grade smartphones . In warfare, they have three distinct advantages over other imaging technologies: The term "forward-looking" is used to distinguish fixed forward-looking thermal imaging systems from sideways-tracking infrared systems, also known as " push broom " imagers, and other thermal imaging systems such as gimbal-mounted imaging systems, handheld imaging systems, and

588-671: The addition of a second scan mirror, the invention of the first forward-looking infrared camera occurred in 1963, with production beginning in 1966. In 1972, TI introduced the Common Module concept, which greatly reduced costs and allowed for the reuse of common components. The cost of thermal imaging equipment in general has fallen dramatically after inexpensive portable and fixed infrared detectors and systems based on microelectromechanical technology were designed and manufactured for commercial, industrial, and military application. Also, older camera designs used rotating mirrors to scan

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616-462: The image to a small sensor. More modern cameras no longer use this method; the simplification helps reduce cost. Uncooled technology available in many Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS or EVS) products have reduced the costs to fractions of the price of older cooled technology, with similar performance. EVS is rapidly becoming mainstream on many fixed wing and rotary wing operators from Cirrus and Cessna aircraft to large business jets. In 2001,

644-531: The like. Pushbroom systems typically have been used on aircraft and satellites. Sideways-tracking imagers normally involve a one-dimensional (1D) array of pixels, which uses the motion of the aircraft or satellite to move the view of the 1D array across the ground to build up a 2D image over time. Such systems cannot be used for real-time imaging and must look perpendicular to the direction of travel. In 1956, Texas Instruments began research on infrared technology that led to several line scanner contracts and, with

672-403: The manufacturing process. To remedy this, the response of each pixel is measured at the factory, and a transform, most often linear, maps the measured input signal to an output level. Some companies offer advanced "fusion" technologies that blend a visible-spectrum image with an infrared-spectrum image to produce better results than a single-spectrum image alone. Thermal imaging cameras such as

700-408: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Simbad . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simbad&oldid=919939388 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

728-499: The screen in the operator console below deck, and the missiles are locked onto the target before being launched. A fully loaded Sadral launcher weighs 1080 kg, and the operator console weighs 280 kg. A two-missile unit installed on ships is called Simbad , and a newly launched four-missile version is called Tetral . An evolution of the Simbad is now proposed: Simbad RC . Both Tetral and Simbad RC are remote controlled from

756-574: The ship's deck while the original Simbad is manually operated with a simple optical sight. Mistral missiles used by the Rwandan forces in the Second Congo War shot down a Zimbabwean Air Force BAE Hawk fighter on 23 March 1999. Two automated SADRAL launchers (re-cycled from the retiring Georges Leygues -class frigates ) and each equipped with six Mistral Mk 3 surface-to-air missiles were fitted to three La Fayette -class frigates of

784-476: The shoulder. It is a mandatory posted system. They are then to be operated by a pair of crew as commander and the shooter. There are also launch units that allow the missile to be fired from armoured vehicles, ships or helicopters (such as the Aérospatiale Gazelle , Denel Rooivalk , or Eurocopter Tiger ). To defeat flares ejected from the rear of a targeted aircraft, proportional navigation using

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