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57-503: The EZ-Link card is a rechargeable contactless smart card and electronic money system that is primarily used as a payment method for public transport such as bus and rail lines in Singapore . A standard EZ-Link card is a credit-card-sized stored-value contact-less smart-card that comes in a variety of colours, as well as limited edition designs. It is sold by SimplyGo Pte Ltd, a merged entity of TransitLink and EZ-Link since 2024,

114-413: A child may inadvertently be exposed to them (e.g on video walls). Pay TV and video-on-demand (VOD) operators must adhere to several restrictions in order to ensure that a child is not inadvertently exposed to rated content. They are required to offer a 'parental lock' feature, which restricts NC16 and M18 content with a PIN code. Pay TV operators must also ensure that promotional material for rated content

171-673: A debit/credit card, and make payments by scanning the QR code at a retail shop and entering the payment amount. Payment can be authorised with either a 6-digit PIN or the phone's fingerprint scanner. Up to 6 debit/credit cards can be saved in the EZ-Link app. Users can earn EZ-Link Rewards points for each digital wallet transaction, which can be used to redeem vouchers. The EZ-Link Wallet can also be used overseas at an Alipay Connect-enabled merchant in Japan. The following payment networks are supported by

228-523: A default. Advertisements for R21-rated content can only appear in venues licensed for R21 films, and/or at the start of another R21-rated movie. Many films that the IMDA refused to classify were restricted because of concerns that they might "undermine the public order". For example, the film To Singapore, With Love , which documented former political dissidents in Singapore, was refused classification, as

285-484: A higher storage capacity of S$ 500.00 instead of the previous S$ 100.00 limit but most passengers keep to the $ 100 limit in case of loss of card. The EZ-Link App is a mobile application developed by EZ-Link that is available on the Google Play Store and App Store. It was first released as an Android-exclusive app in 2013 under the name 'My EZ-Link Mobile App', and is used for: On 9 March 2020, EZ-Link launched

342-548: A majority of commuters were already using SimplyGo, and the existing card-based system was near the end of its operational lifespan . As it would also be costly to run both ticketing systems, the LTA decided to proceed with SimplyGo. Many commuters expressed dissatisfaction with the change, particularly the inability to ascertain the fares charged at the transaction points on buses and the MRT after their cards were upgraded to SimplyGo. When

399-423: A normal EMV card via their contact interface. The contactless interface provides similar data to a contact EMV transaction, but usually a subset of the capabilities (e.g. usually issuers will not allow balances to be increased via the contactless interface, instead requiring the card to be inserted into a device which uses the contact interface). EMV cards may carry an "offline balance" stored in their chip, similar to

456-594: A payment card at vending machines throughout the country. Account-based CEPAS EZ-Link card was launched in January 2021. In March 2023, the Land Transport Authority announced plans to merge their subsidiaries TransitLink and EZ-Link into a single entity SimplyGo . The Land Transport Authority introduced its pilot testing of the card to 100,000 volunteers on 26 February 2000. Initially for commuters who made at least five trips on MRT/LRT per week,

513-467: A pilot program to expand the use of SimplyGo with EZ-Link adult cards was launched. This was followed on 28 January 2021 by the rollout of account-based EZ-Link cards for adults. Commuters could also update their existing EZ-Link cards to the new system. Concession cards were included in SimplyGo on 19 October 2022, with the option to upgrade student concession cards only available in 2023. In March 2023,

570-463: A single card with some shared storage and processing. An example is Porto 's multi-application transport card, called Andante , that uses a chip in contact and contactless (ISO/IEC 14443 type B) mode. Like smart cards with contacts, contactless cards do not have a battery. Instead, they use a built-in inductor , using the principle of resonant inductive coupling , to capture some of the incident electromagnetic signal, rectify it, and use it to power

627-654: A smart card usually implements some cryptographic algorithm . However, there are several methods of recovering some of the algorithm's internal state. Differential power analysis involves measuring the precise time and electric current required for certain encryption or decryption operations. This is most often used against public key algorithms such as RSA in order to deduce the on-chip private key, although some implementations of symmetric ciphers can be vulnerable to timing or power attacks as well. Smart cards can be physically disassembled by using acid, abrasives, or some other technique to obtain direct, unrestricted access to

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684-462: A subsidiary of Singapore's Land Transport Authority. In September 2009, CEPAS EZ-Link cards replaced the original EZ-Link card, expanding the card's usage to taxis, ERP gantries (with the dual-mode in-vehicle unit), car parks (which have been upgraded to accept CEPAS-compliant cards), convenience stores, supermarkets and fast food restaurants. Compared to NETS FlashPay however, EZ-Link has lesser acceptance at retail shops. EZ-Link can also be used as

741-702: A subsidiary of the Land Transport Authority (LTA), and can be used on travel modes across Singapore, including the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), the Light Rail Transit (LRT), public buses which are operated by SBS Transit , SMRT Buses , Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore , as well as the Sentosa Express . Established in 2001, the first generation of the card was based on the Sony FeliCa smart card technology and

798-411: A subsidised cost of $ 3. On 10 January 2024, LTA announced that EZ-Link adult cards which have not yet been upgraded to SimplyGo will no longer be accepted for public transport fare payment from 1 June 2024, due to phasing out of the legacy card-based ticketing system. Commuters with EZ-Link Adult Cards may upgrade to the SimplyGo system at any ticketing machine and retain their current cards. The decision

855-502: A transaction. They are often used when transactions must be processed quickly or hands-free, such as on mass transit systems, where a smart card can be used without even removing it from a wallet . The standard for contactless smart card communications is ISO/IEC 14443 . It defines two types of contactless cards ("A" and "B") and allows for communications at distances up to 10 cm (3.9 in) . There had been proposals for ISO/IEC 14443 types C, D, E, F and G that have been rejected by

912-411: Is "edited and scheduled appropriately." Pay TV operators are only allowed to air content with this rating or lower. In addition, pay TV operators can air M18-classified content only from the watershed that PG13 classified content is allowed to be aired on free-to-air TV. Pay TV operators are not allowed to air content with this rating, and VOD operators must offer a separate PIN lock for R21 content as

969-543: Is a statutory board under the Singapore Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI). The Telecommunication Authority of Singapore (TAS) was the statutory board that acted as the national regulator and promoter of the telecommunication and postal industries in Singapore. Prior to 1992, the TAS also managed postal and telecommunications services until Singtel and Singapore Post were split off from

1026-699: Is also used in concession cards for students in nationally recognised educational institutes , full-time national service personnel serving in the Singapore Armed Forces , Singapore Civil Defence Force and Singapore Police Force or senior citizens who are over 60 years old. The system is similar to the Pasmo and ICOCA cards, and the card's use have since been expanded to retail, private transport, government services, community services, educational institutes and vending machines. On 17 October 2007, local telco StarHub and EZ-Link Pte Ltd declared

1083-602: Is being employed for efficiencies in public transit. The various standards emerging are local in focus and are not compatible, though the MIFARE Classic card from Philips has a large market share in the United States and Europe. In more recent times, Visa and MasterCard have agreed to standards for general "open loop" payments on their networks, with millions of cards deployed in the U.S., in Europe and around

1140-588: Is characterized as follows: Contactless smart cards can be used for identification, authentication, and data storage. They also provide a means of effecting business transactions in a flexible, secure, standard way with minimal human intervention. Contactless smart cards were first used for electronic ticketing in 1995 in Seoul, South Korea. Since then, smart cards with contactless interfaces have been increasingly popular for payment and ticketing applications such as mass transit. Globally, contactless fare collection

1197-510: The COVID-19 pandemic , demand for and usage of contactless credit and debit cards has increased, although coins and banknotes are generally safe and this technology will thus not reduce the spread of the virus. Contactless smart card readers use radio waves to communicate with, and both read and write data on a smart card. When used for electronic payment, they are commonly located near PIN pads , cash registers and other places of payment. When

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1254-614: The Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore on the use of compatible mobile phones with Near-Field Communication (NFC) technology to make public transport payments. In February 2018, EZ-Link and NTUC Social Enterprises launched a partnership to promote cashless payments. This allowed EZ-Link card holders with a linked NTUC Plus card to earn LinkPoints with EZ-Link purchases, spare change could also be used to top-up EZ-Link cards when customers make cash payments at Cheers convenience stores, and EZ-Link acceptance

1311-703: The LTA , SeP is built on the Singapore Standard for Contactless ePurse Application ( CEPAS ) which allows any smart card that complies with the standard to be used with the system and in a wide variety of payment applications. With SeP, commuters were able to use cards issued by any card issuer for transit purposes as long as the card complied with the CEPAS standard and included the transit application. Commuters could eventually use CEPAS -compliant cards for Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) payments in vehicles fitted with

1368-621: The Land Transport Authority (LTA) announced that it would merge the TransitLink SimplyGo and EZ-Link mobile apps into a single "SimplyGo" app. On 15 June, the EZ-Link Pte Ltd's (EZ-Link) and Transit Link Pte Ltd's (TransitLink) transit and travel card-related services were consolidated under the "SimplyGo" branding. On 9 January 2024, LTA announced that EZ-Link cards that had not yet been upgraded to SimplyGo and Nets Flashpay cards would be deprecated on 1 June 2024. By then,

1425-783: The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC). There are classification systems for the following types of media: films, TV programs, video games, and arts entertainment (e.g., theatrical productions). Films and TV programs both use the same rating system. Free-to-air TV content must also adhere to additional restrictions, as outlined in Section 5 of the Content Code. Free-to-air (FTA) TV networks may only show content at this rating or lower, and can only air PG13 content between 10PM and 6AM. Advertisements for films with this rating cannot be shown where

1482-465: The electronic wallet or "purse" that users of transit smart cards are used to. A quickly growing application is in digital identification cards. In this application, the cards are used for authentication of identity. The most common example is in conjunction with a PKI . The smart card will store an encrypted digital certificate issued from the PKI along with any other relevant or needed information about

1539-519: The EZ-Link Wallet, an e-wallet for mobile phones. Compared to the EZ-Link card which is based on NFC, the EZ-Link Wallet is based on QR code, bypassing the need for payment terminals, relying on smartphones and a printed QR code. It is compliant with the SGQR code system. An email address and local mobile number are required to register for an EZ-Link account. Users have to top-up the e-wallet with

1596-582: The EZ-Link Wallet: SimplyGo was launched in March 2019 for MasterCard users as a separate account-based ticketing system allowing commuters to pay their public transport fares using bank cards. SimplyGo expanded to Visa on 6 June and Nets on 16 November. When the system launched, Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Transport Baey Yam Keng said that SimplyGo was not intended to replace other payment methods such as EZ-Link. In September 2020,

1653-751: The EZ-Link card became part of a unified cashless payment system rolled out at 500 hawker stalls across Singapore. In April 2019, EZ-Link announced it was working with Touch 'N Go to create a dual currency cross-border card for public transport. The card was launched on 17 August 2020. In 2007, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) and the Singapore Tourism Board launched the Singapore Tourist Pass produced by EZ-Link to offer tourists unlimited rides on Singapore's public transport system. In 2015, EZ-Link introduced 'EZ-Charms', trinkets that have full EZ-Link functionalities, such as

1710-507: The Hello Kitty EZ-Charms, that received overwhelming response. In 2017, EZ-Link launched EZ-Link Wearables, wearable devices that have full EZ-Link functionalities such as fitness trackers. A trial to test the system was held from 29 August to 28 October 2008. The trial, which involved some 5,000 commuters, generated 1.7 million transactions and has confirmed that the system is ready for revenue service. Developed in-house by

1767-630: The ISO/IEC 14443 standard. The following tables list smart cards used for public transportation and other electronic purse applications. A related contactless technology is RFID (radio frequency identification). In certain cases, it can be used for applications similar to those of contactless smart cards, such as for electronic toll collection . RFID devices usually do not include writeable memory or microcontroller processing capability as contactless smart cards often do. There are dual-interface cards that implement contactless and contact interfaces on

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1824-917: The International Organization for Standardization. An alternative standard for contactless smart cards is ISO/IEC 15693 , which allows communications at distances up to 50 cm (1.6 ft). Examples of widely used contactless smart cards are Seoul 's Upass (1996), Malaysia Touch 'n Go card (1997), Hong Kong 's Octopus card , Shanghai 's Public Transportation Card (1999), Paris 's Navigo card , Japan Rail 's Suica Card (2001), Singapore 's EZ-Link , Taiwan 's EasyCard , San Francisco Bay Area 's Clipper Card (2002), London 's Oyster card , Beijing 's Municipal Administration and Communications Card (2003), South Korea 's T-money , Southern Ontario 's Presto card , India 's More Card , Israel's Rav-Kav Card (2008), Melbourne 's Myki card and Sydney 's Opal card which predate

1881-646: The MDA believed it was one-sided and "undermined national security". Following a controversial ban of video game Mass Effect in November 2007, the government unbanned it a day later for containing a same-sex love scene. IMDA announced that a new classification system for games will be put in place early 2008. Since April 2008, video games that are sold in Singapore are required to undergo classification. As of 2022, there are 2 ratings for video games: Mature 18 and Advisory 16. Games without contentious content fall within

1938-504: The SimplyGo system. (* a service fee is chargeable) • SimplyGo EZ-Link cards • SimplyGo Concession cards Contactless smart card There are two broad categories of contactless smart cards. Memory cards contain non-volatile memory storage components, and perhaps some specific security logic. Contactless smart cards contain read-only RFID called CSN (Card Serial Number) or UID, and a re-writeable smart card microchip that can be transcribed via radio waves. A contactless smart card

1995-461: The SimplyGo upgrade feature on ticketing machines at MRT stations have been restricted to "TUK with Supervision". On 22 January, transport minister Chee Hong Tat announced that the LTA reversed their decision and decided to extend the use of the card-based system. Those who had converted their cards to the new SimplyGo system during the January period could revert to the old system if they preferred to at no additional cost. Chee also acknowledged that

2052-399: The U.S. Payment occurs in a similar fashion to mag-stripe, without a PIN and often in off-line mode (depending on parameters of the terminal). The security level of such a transaction is better than a mag-stripe card, as the chip cryptographically generates a code which can be verified by the card issuer's systems. Contactless EMV cards have two interfaces (contact and contactless) and work as

2109-430: The United States, and in 2006 in some parts of Europe and Asia (Singapore). In the U.S., contactless (non PIN ) transactions cover a payment range of ~$ 5–$ 100. In general there are two classes of contactless bank cards: magnetic stripe data (MSD) and contactless EMV . Contactless MSD cards are similar to magnetic stripe cards in terms of the data they share across the contactless interface. They are only distributed in

2166-876: The board as corporatised entities. In 1999, the Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) was formed in 1999 from the merger of the TAS and National Computer Board (NCB). Following the passing of the Info-communications Media Development Authority Bill in Parliament on 16 August 2016, the IDA and the Media Development Authority (MDA) were restructured and merged into the IMDA with effect from 30 September that year. IMDA provides numerous programmes, policies and grants that cater to industries and communities. IMDA also protects consumers' privacy through

2223-468: The card and the contactless reader, and implements the Triple DES algorithm for security. An adult EZ-Link card costs S$ 12, inclusive of a S$ 5 non-refundable card cost and a $ 7 card value. There was a problem with commuters attempting to evade paying the full fare with the prior magnetic fare card system. Under the EZ-Link system, when users tap their card on the entry card reader, the system deducts

2280-423: The card holder. Examples include the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), and the use of various smart cards by many governments as identification cards for their citizens. When combined with biometrics, smart cards can provide two- or three-factor authentication. Smart cards are not always a privacy-enhancing technology, for the subject carries possibly incriminating information about him all

2337-478: The card was branded as the "Super Rider". As an incentive, volunteers were given 10% rebate off their regular fare during the one-month period. Two further tests were made, with the scheme extending to frequent bus users on selected routes on an invitation basis. The card is commonly used in Singapore as a smartcard for paying transportation fees in the city-state 's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT) and public bus services . The EZ-Link function

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2394-603: The card's electronics. Since the start of using the Seoul Transportation Card , numerous cities have moved to the introduction of contactless smart cards as the fare media in an automated fare collection system. In a number of cases these cards carry an electronic wallet as well as fare products, and can be used for low-value payments. Starting around 2005, a major application of the technology has been contactless payment credit and debit cards. Some major examples include: Roll-outs started in 2005 in

2451-429: The following places: A Refund Service Charge of $ 1 will be charged per month for EZ-link cards that have expired for 2 years or more until the value is refunded or fully depleted. This applies to the remaining card balance, and not the initial deposit or cost of the card that is non-refundable. Refund may be requested at ticketing offices. In addition, commuters may replace expiring EZ-link cards before 31 December 2024 at

2508-599: The gantry. ✓ The card-based offline debit EZ-Link cards and EZ-Link Motoring cards are compatible with dual mode in-vehicle units for ERP and carpark payments. The card-based offline debit EZ-Link cards were temporary suspended from March 2022 to June 2024, to encourage adoption of the SimplyGo account-based system. EZ-Link Motoring cards (with a non-account-based card profile & similar functionality) are still sold at 7-Eleven/Cheers convenience stores, selected Caltex petrol stations, Vicom centres, STA Inspection centres. EZ-Link Motoring cards cannot be converted to be used on

2565-481: The information from the backend to be displayed at the fare gates, and hence would slow down commuters who were entering or exiting. During the week after LTA's announcement, several commuters attempted to upgrade their EZ-Link cards to the SimplyGo platform. The high transaction volume caused the SimplyGo system to become less stable and responsive, resulting in longer processing times and failed upgrades that lead to commuters' cards being invalidated. On 19 January 2024,

2622-412: The issue was raised in 2023, the LTA explained that, as most of the SimplyGo features involve back-end processing, riders could not view their stored value card balance and deductions at MRT fare gates and bus readers. The fare transactions could only be viewed on the SimplyGo app. The LTA said that while it would be possible to implement the feature for SimplyGo users, it would take "a few more seconds" for

2679-524: The issues encountered during the transition could have been avoided "with better preparation". An additional S$ 40 million (US$ 28.99 million) would be invested to maintain both systems. The EZ-Link card operates on a radio frequency (RF) interface of 13.56 MHz at 212 kbit/s, with the potential for communication speeds in excess of 847 kbit/s. It employs the Manchester bit coding scheme for noise tolerance against distance fluctuation between

2736-454: The maximum fare payable from their bus stop to the end of the bus route. If they tap their card on the exit reader when they disembark, the system will return an amount based on the remaining bus stages to the end of the bus route. If they fail to tap the card on the exit reader when they disembark, the entry card reader would have already deducted the maximum fare payable to the end of the bus route. EZ-Link card holders can top up their cards at

2793-476: The new generation In-vehicle Unit (IU), Electronic Parking System (EPS) carparks and other electronic payment systems that supported the CEPAS standard. During the free one-for-one exchange exercise, most of them replaced their cards during the direct card replacement exercise in 2009. Others seemed to replace new cards after the old cards were out of value and become collectors' value. The new EZ-Link cards also have

2850-501: The on-board microprocessor. Although such techniques obviously involve a fairly high risk of permanent damage to the chip, they permit much more detailed information (e.g. photomicrographs of encryption hardware) to be extracted. Short distance (≈10 cm. or 4″) is required for supplying power. The radio frequency, however, can be eavesdropped within several meters once powered-up. Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore The Infocomm Media Development Authority ( IMDA )

2907-495: The readers are used for public transit they are commonly located on fare boxes, ticket machines, turnstiles, and station platforms as a standalone unit. When used for security, readers are usually located to the side of an entry door. A contactless smart card is a card in which the chip communicates with the card reader through an induction technology similar to that of an RFID (at data rates of 106 to 848 kbit/s). These cards require only close proximity to an antenna to complete

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2964-492: The start of a 6-month trial on phones with an embedded EZ-Link card. Since 2009, Singapore motorists can use EZ-Link cards in their new generation In-Vehicle Unit to pay for Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) and Electronic Parking System (EPS) payments. In August 2016, EZ-Link introduced a post-paid ERP payment service called EZ-Pay. In March 2016, EZ-Link concluded a trial with the Land Transport Authority and

3021-624: The time. By employing contactless smart cards, that can be read without having to remove the card from the wallet or even the garment it is in, one can add even more authentication value to the human carrier of the cards. The Malaysian government uses smart card technology in the identity cards carried by all Malaysian citizens and resident non-citizens. The personal information inside the smart card (called MyKad ) can be read using special APDU commands. Smart cards have been advertised as suitable for personal identification tasks, because they are engineered to be tamper resistant . The embedded chip of

3078-494: The world. Smart cards are being introduced in personal identification and entitlement schemes at regional, national, and international levels. Citizen cards, drivers’ licenses, and patient card schemes are becoming more prevalent. In Malaysia, the compulsory national ID scheme MyKad includes 8 different applications and is rolled out for 18 million users. Contactless smart cards are being integrated into ICAO biometric passports to enhance security for international travel. With

3135-425: Was extended to NTUC FairPrice supermarkets and NTUC Unity pharmacies. However, EZ-Link payments at FairPrice and Unity stores were ceased on 3 May 2023 until further notice. On 12 June 2024, EZ-Link acceptance is reenabled at Fairprice, with a slow rollout over a small number of outlets initially. In April 2018, the card also gained acceptance on NETS terminals in hawker centres across Singapore. In September 2018,

3192-488: Was promoted as the means for speedier boarding times on the city-state's bus and rail services. It had a monopoly on public transportation fare payments in Singapore until September 2009, when the NETS FlashPay card, which had a monopoly over Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) toll payments, entered the market for transportation payments (and vice versa). EZ-Link cards are distributed and managed by EZ-Link Pte. Ltd., also

3249-403: Was reversed by the authorities on 22 January 2024 following significant backlash, and existing EZ-Link cards can continue to be used after 1 June 2024. • EZ-Link cards • Concession cards • EZ-Link Motoring cards (Card-based Offline Debit) ✓ It can be used for retail and public transport payments, without remote management functionality. ✓ Commuters can see their fare cost and card balance at

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