A state-owned enterprise ( SOE ) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goods at lower prices, implement government policies, or serve remote areas where private businesses are scarce. The government typically holds full or majority ownership and oversees operations. SOEs have a distinct legal structure, with financial and developmental goals, like making services more accessible while earning profit (such as a state railway). They can be considered as government-affiliated entities designed to meet commercial and state capitalist objectives.
39-503: The Singareni Collieries Company Limited or SCCL is a government-owned-coal mining corporation in India . It is under the ownership of Department of Energy , Government of Telangana . The Union Government's administration of the company is through the 49% ownership held by Ministry of Coal . SCCL is currently operating 40 mines where 18 opencast and 22 underground mines in 6 districts of Telangana (restwhile 4 districts of AP ) with
78-528: A manpower around 39,856 as of November 2023. SCCL is contributing 9.2% in the all India Domestic Production. Since inception (1889) 1.36 BT of Coal is extracted by SCCL and it has proved reserves of 10.84 BT. In the year 1871, NIZAM's Ruled Dr.William King of the Geological Survey of India discovered coal near Yellandu in Khammam district and one of the important coal seams bore his name. He named
117-661: A public objective. For that reason, SOEs primarily operate in the domain of infrastructure (e.g., railway companies), strategic goods and services (e.g., postal services, arms manufacturing and procurement), natural resources and energy (e.g., nuclear facilities, alternative energy delivery), politically sensitive business, broadcasting, banking, demerit goods (e.g., alcoholic beverages ), and merit goods (healthcare). SOEs can also help foster industries that are "considered economically desirable and that would otherwise not be developed through private investments". When nascent or 'infant' industries have difficulty getting investments from
156-495: A regular enterprise, state-owned enterprises are typically expected to be less efficient due to political interference, but unlike profit-driven enterprises they are more likely to focus on government objectives. In Eastern Europe and Western Europe , there was a massive nationalization throughout the 20th century, especially after World War II . In the Eastern Bloc , countries adopted very similar policies and models to
195-759: Is a coal-fired power station in Pegadapalli , a village in Jaipur mandal in Mancherial district of Telangana , India . The power plant has an installed capacity of 1200 MW, consisting of two 600 MW units, and is operated by the Singareni Collieries Company . Singareni Collieries Company (SCCL), a government-owned coal mining company, was established in 1920 under the Hyderabad Companies Act. The company
234-562: Is a viable argument for SOEs is debated. SOEs are also frequently employed in areas where the government wants to levy user fees , but finds it politically difficult to introduce new taxation. Next, SOEs can be used to improve efficiency of public service delivery or as a step towards (partial) privatization or hybridization. SOEs can also be a means to alleviate fiscal stress, as SOEs may not count towards states' budgets. Compared to government bureaucracy, state owned enterprises might be beneficial because they reduce politicians' influence over
273-764: Is approximately 70% of total employment. State-owned enterprises are thus a major factor behind Belarus's high employment rate and a source of stable employment. In most OPEC countries, the governments own the oil companies operating on their soil. A notable example is the Saudi Arabian national oil company , Saudi Aramco , which the Saudi government bought in 1988, changing its name from Arabian American Oil Company to Saudi Arabian Oil Company. The Saudi government also owns and operates Saudi Arabian Airlines , and owns 70% of SABIC as well as many other companies. China's state-owned enterprises are owned and managed by
312-674: Is between G9 to G17. K.Cal/Kg K.Cal/Kg The SCCL mode of transport of coal is through Rail ( NGSR )65%, MGR 15% (Merigold Rail), Road 19% and through Rope 1%. (Utility) (Captive) A 3rd party sampling: It is introduced from 28.07.2016 first with NTPC. The CIMFR is the third party agency all SCCL dispatch points and now presently it is implemented with all power consumers. Washing of Coal: 3 washeries with 1MTPA capacity each in operation. Two more coal washeries with 7 MTPA total capacity are in pipeline. 2 X 600 MW Singareni Thermal power Plant at Jaipur, Mancherial district Unit-1 COD at 25.09.2016 and Unit-2 COD at 02.12.2016 to COD SCCL
351-886: Is difficult to determine categorically what level of state ownership would qualify an entity to be considered as state-owned since governments can also own regular stock , without implying any special interference). Finally, the term "enterprise" is challenged, as it implies statutes in private law which may not always be present, and so the term "corporations" is frequently used instead. Thus, SOEs are known under many other terms: state-owned company, state-owned entity, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, government business enterprise, government-owned company, government controlled company, government controlled enterprise, government-owned corporation, government-sponsored enterprise , commercial government agency, state-privatised industry public sector undertaking, or parastatal, among others. In some Commonwealth realms , ownership by The Crown
390-617: Is highlighted in the predominant local terminology, with SOEs in Canada referred to as a " Crown corporation ", and in New Zealand as a " Crown entity ". The term " government-linked company " (GLC) is sometimes used, for example in Malaysia , to refer to private or public (listed on a stock exchange) corporate entities in which the government acquires a stake using a holding company . The two main definitions of GLCs are dependent on
429-1005: Is jointly owned by the Telangana government (51%) and the Union Government (49%). It was named after the village of Singareni in the Bhadradri Kothagudem district of Telangana State. In the year 1871, the state's first coal reserves were discovered in Singareni village near Yellandu by Dr. William King of the geological Survey of India during the British era. In 1889 Hyderabad Deccan company Limited incorporated in England and stocks were traded in London Stock Exchange and coal mining started. On 23 December 1920 coal mining operations transferred to
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#1732797158073468-423: Is planning to open 14 mines (6 new Underground mines and 8 opencast mines) with a capacity addition of 52.37 MT in next 5 years. New mines which are opened in past 5 Years KK OC KTK OCII BPA OCII RKP SCCL has a vision for 2023–24 to reach: SCCL offering profit share to miners, which began in 1999–2000 with 10% bonus. (Crores) (Crores) The company is involved in coal extraction in Telangana , in
507-633: The Pranahita - Godavari Valley region, which has significant coal reserves, estimated at 879 billion tonnes . Ramagundam is one of the most important divisions of the Singareni Collieries Company. There are three divisions (RG-1, RG-2 and RG-3) and Adriyala project area in Ramagundam region. Each division is headed by a General Manager. Singareni Collieries has established a thermal power plant of 1,200 MW (2 X 600 MW) in
546-715: The State-owned Asset Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) . China's state-owned enterprises generally own and operate public services, resource extraction or defense. As of 2017 , China has more SOEs than any other country, and the most SOEs among large national companies. China's SOEs perform functions such as: contributing to central and local governments revenues through dividends and taxes, supporting urban employment, keeping key input prices low, channeling capital towards targeted industries and technologies, supporting sub-national redistribution to poorer interior and western provinces, and aiding
585-766: The Company devolved on the Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 pursuant to the reorganization of States. Thus, the SCCL became a Government Company under the Companies Act in 1956. It is named after the village Singareni in Khammam district , Telangana where the coal mines are first noticed . The manner of extending financial assistance for expansion of SCCL by the Govt. of A.P., and the Govt. of India during V plan period
624-718: The Godavari valley coalfield. The inventory covers up to a depth of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) and it includes reserves proved, indicated as well as inferred. The coal extracted by SCCL in the Godavari valley coalfield up to the year 2009-10 was about 929.11 million tonnes. SCCL is a pioneer in India in introduction of new technologies. Achieved "Golden Peacock Innovative Product/Service Award" in 2015 at Dubai. Coal Production, Coal dispatch and OB removal of SCCL (SDL & LHD) (Longwall, Continuous Miner RH, HW Bolter Miner) More than 80% of SCCL coal production
663-666: The Government of India, the Government of Andhra Pradesh and SCCL. These agreements are called tripartite agreements. The company's accredited function is to explore and exploit the coal deposits in the Godavari valley coalfield, which is the only repository of coal in South India. Mining activities of SCCL are presently spread over six districts of Telangana Viz., Komaram Bheem , Mancherial , Peddapalli district , Jayashankar Bhupalpalli , Bhadradri Kothagudem and Khammam Districts. The studies of Geological Survey of India attribute as much as 22,016 million tonnes of coal reserves in
702-823: The Minister of Finance II, the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of the Economic Planning Unit, the Chief Secretary to the Government, Secretary General of Treasury and the heads of each of the GLICs (the Employees Provident Fund, Khazanah Nasional Berhad , Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera (the armed forces pension fund), Lembaga Tabung Haji and Permodalan Nasional Berhad . Khazanah Nasional Berhad provided
741-1019: The USSR. Governments in Western Europe, both left and right of centre, saw state intervention as necessary to rebuild economies shattered by war. Government control over natural monopolies like industry was the norm. Typical sectors included telephones , electric power , fossil fuels , iron ore , railways , airlines , media , postal services , banks , and water . Many large industrial corporations were also nationalized or created as government corporations, including, among many others: British Steel Corporation , Equinor , and Águas de Portugal . A state-run enterprise may operate differently from an ordinary limited liability corporation. For example, in Finland, state-run enterprises ( liikelaitos ) are governed by separate laws. Even though responsible for their own finances, they cannot be declared bankrupt ;
780-540: The assets and liabilities of the Hyderabad (Deccan) Co. Ltd. Best & Co., acted as Secretaries and Selling Agents. The State of Hyderabad purchased majority shares of the Company in 1945. From 1945 to 1949, the Hyderabad Construction Co., Ltd., was acting as Managing Agent. In 1949 this function was entrusted to Industrial Trust Fund by the then Government of Hyderabad. The controlling interest of
819-562: The coal in the year 2016-17 and 62.01 MT in the year 2017–18. SCCL purchases about 60 MU (Million units) power from the state distribution companies. N. Sridhar, Singareni Collieries Chairman and managing director expects STPP to bring down the deficit in power generation in Telangana State. Under his leadership Sanjay Kumar Sur, executive director (Power Projects) is currently leading the power plant operations and future expansion. While SCCL had an extensive background in coal mining,
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#1732797158073858-432: The company decided to enter the power industry as part of the new Bangaru Telangana initiative. This decision made SCCL the first Indian coal PSU to make a large-scale entrance into the power generation industry. SCCL began the Singareni power plant project, to consist of two 600 MW units, on 11 November 2011 at Jaipur mandal , Mancherial District. NTPC Limited was contracted to handle erection and commissioning for
897-507: The form of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). The Malaysian government launched a GLC Transformation Programme for its linked companies and linked investment companies ("GLICs") on 29 July 2005, aiming over a ten-year period to transform these businesses "into high-performing entities". The Putrajaya Committee on GLC High Performance ("PCG"), which oversaw this programme, was chaired by the Prime Minister , and membership included
936-412: The leading application of the incomplete contract theory to the issue of state-owned enterprises. These authors compare a situation in which the government is in control of a firm to a situation in which a private manager is in control. The manager can invest to come up with cost-reducing and quality-enhancing innovations. The government and the manager bargain over the implementation of the innovations. If
975-592: The negotiations fail, the owner can decide about the implementation. It turns out that when cost-reducing innovations do not harm quality significantly, then private firms are to be preferred. Yet, when cost-reductions may strongly reduce quality, state-owned enterprises are superior. Hoppe and Schmitz (2010) have extended this theory in order to allow for a richer set of governance structures, including different forms of public-private partnerships . SOEs are common with natural monopolies , because they allow capturing economies of scale while they can simultaneously achieve
1014-561: The new company and renamed as Singareni Collieries Company Limited and the day is celebrated as Singareni day in the company every year. In 1945 Nizam of Hyderabad took over, thus singareni became first government managed company. In 1960 Government of India participated with 49% equity. SCCL now operates 18 open-pit mines and 29 underground mines across 5 Telangana districts: Bhadradri Kothagudem, Khammam , Jayashankar Bhupalpally , Ramagundam , Mancheriyal and Komaram_Bheem_Asifabad_district . The Company produced 61.34 Million Tonnes (MT) of
1053-399: The private sector (perhaps because the good that is being produced requires very risky investments, when patenting is difficult, or when spillover effects exist), the government can help these industries get on the market with positive economic effects. However, the government cannot necessarily predict which industries would qualify as such 'infant industries', and so the extent to which this
1092-606: The project. Contracts for the Boiler Turbine Generator (BTG) and the Balance of Plant (BOP) were granted to Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and McNally Bharat Engineering Company Limited, Kolkata, respectively. Power plant synchronisation was completed on 13 March 2016 for Unit 1 and on 1 September 2016 for Unit 2. Stage I of the power plant project was completed with Unit 1 being commissioned on 25 September 2016 and Unit 2 on 2 December 2016. The power plant
1131-428: The proportion of the corporate entity a government owns. One definition purports that a company is classified as a GLC if a government owns an effective controlling interest (more than 50%), while the second definition suggests that any corporate entity that has a government as a shareholder is a GLC. The act of turning a part of government bureaucracy into a SOE is called corporatization . In economic theory ,
1170-451: The question of whether a firm should be owned by the state or by the private sector is studied in the theory of incomplete contracts developed by Oliver Hart and his co-authors. In a world in which complete contracts were feasible, ownership would not matter because the same incentive structure that prevails under one ownership structure could be replicated under the other ownership structure. Hart, Shleifer, and Vishny (1997) have developed
1209-530: The secretariat to the PCG and managed the implementation of the programme, which was completed in 2015. As of 2024, Philippines Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) is the most profitable state-owned enterprise in the Philippines. It is the third largest contributor to government revenues, following taxes and customs. Singareni Thermal Power Plant The Singareni Thermal Power Plant (STPP)
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1248-469: The service. Conversely, they might be detrimental because they reduce oversight and increase transaction costs (such as monitoring costs, i.e., it is more difficult and costly to govern and regulate an autonomous SOE than it is the public bureaucracy). Evidence suggests that existing SOEs are typically more efficient than government bureaucracy, but that this benefit diminishes as services get more technical and have less overt public objectives. Compared to
1287-465: The state answers for the liabilities. Stocks of the corporation are not sold and loans have to be government-approved, as they are government liabilities. State-owned enterprises are a major component of the economy of Belarus . The Belarusian state-owned economy includes enterprises that are fully state-owned, as well as others which are joint-stock companies with partial ownership by the state. Employment in state-owned or state-controlled enterprises
1326-497: The state's response to natural disasters, financial crises and social instability. China's SOEs are at the forefront of global seaport-building, and most new ports constructed by them are done within the auspices of the Belt and Road Initiative . As of at least 2024, an Ethiopian SOE is Africa's largest and most profitable airline, as well as Ethiopia's largest earner of foreign exchange. In India , government enterprises exist in
1365-439: The term state-owned enterprise is murky. All three words in the term are challenged and subject to interpretation. First, it is debatable what the term "state" implies (e.g., it is unclear whether municipally owned corporations and enterprises held by regional public bodies are considered state-owned). Next, it is contestable under what circumstances a SOE qualifies as "owned" by a state (SOEs can be fully owned or partially owned; it
1404-572: The town of Jaipur in the Srirampur region in Mancherial district . There is a proposal to establish one more 800 MW unit at the Jaipur power plant. SCCL has planned for a 300 MW Solar Power Plant for its captive use in its coal mining areas. The Coal Mines Provident Fund Head Offices are located at Kothagudem , Ramagundam , Godavarikhani and Hyderabad , serving the needs of 4 regions. Government-owned corporation The terminology around
1443-463: The upper seam of the coal as Queen seam and the lower seam as King seam. The Hyderabad (Deccan) Company Limited incorporated in England acquired mining rights in 1886 to exploit coal found in Yellandu area. The present Company was incorporated on 23 December 1920 under the Hyderabad Companies Act as a public limited company with the name 'The Singareni Collieries Company Limited' (SCCL). It acquired all
1482-670: Was agreed upon in the Four party Agreement executed on 10 June 1974. Subsequently, the Govt. of India decided to control its equity directly in SCCL. Accordingly, agreement was concluded on 13 December 1977. The SCCL, the Government of A.P., the Government of India and Coal India Limited were parties to the agreement. These two agreements are popularly called quadripartite agreements. For financial and other assistance during VI, VII, VIII, IX & X Plan periods, separate agreements were executed on 31 March 1985, 10 February 1989, 24 September 1994, 11 January 2002, 19 October 2004 and 11 June 2010 between
1521-427: Was dedicated to nation by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 7 August 2016. PV Solar Plant STPP Established 10 MW Solar PV cell power plant and it is now in operartion, STPP is also planning to establish Floating Solar Power Plant of 15 MW capacity on its Reservoir. SCCL is planning on expanding the power plant with a third 800 MW unit as part of a Stage II. SCCL has separate 127.31 hectares of land adjacent to
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