109-413: Adam Spiegel (born October 22, 1969), known professionally as Spike Jonze ( / dʒ oʊ n z / ), is an American filmmaker, actor, musician, and photographer. His work includes films, commercials, music videos, skateboard videos and television. Jonze began his career as a teenager photographing BMX riders and skateboarders for Freestylin' Magazine and Transworld Skateboarding , and co-founding
218-504: A bit part in the drama Mi Vida Loca (1994). In 1995, he was attached to direct an adapatation of Harold and the Purple Crayon . Jonze collaborated with Björk for the video for her 1995 single " It's Oh So Quiet ", a cover of a 1951 Betty Hutton song. The video is set in an auto shop and sees Björk dancing and singing to the song in the style of a musical , inspired by Jacques Demy 's The Umbrellas of Cherbourg . In
327-464: A business , government agency , or a nonprofit organization ) to the public in order to influence their perception. Public relations and publicity differ in that PR is controlled internally, whereas publicity is not controlled and contributed by external parties. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The exposure
436-464: A dual role as Kaufman and his fictional twin brother, Donald, as he attempts to adapt The Orchid Thief into a film and features dramatized events from the book. It co-starred Meryl Streep as Orlean and Chris Cooper as the subject of The Orchid Thief , John Laroche . Adaptation. was met with widespread critical acclaim from critics, who praised it for its originality whilst simultaneously being funny and thought-provoking. Jackass: The Movie ,
545-571: A German film director bearing a resemblance to Erich von Stroheim . In early 2023, it was reported that Jonze had started working on a television series for Netflix with Brad Pitt and Joaquin Phoenix attached. However, the project was scrapped after he left it in October 2024. On June 26, 1999, Jonze married director Sofia Coppola , whom he had first met in 1992 on the set of the music video for Sonic Youth 's " 100% ". On December 5, 2003,
654-887: A PR firm's client, rather than paying for the client to be advertised next to the article. The aim of public relations is to inform the public, prospective customers, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders , and persuade them to maintain a positive or favorable view about the organization, its leadership , products, or political decisions. Public relations professionals typically work for PR and marketing firms, businesses and companies , government , and public officials as public information officers and nongovernmental organizations , and nonprofit organizations. Jobs central to public relations include internal positions such as public relations coordinator, public relations specialist, and public relations manager, and outside agency positions such as account coordinator, account executive , account supervisor, and media relations manager. In
763-537: A boom box in a public area. Jonze showed the video to Slim, who appears briefly in the video. Jonze then assembled a group of dancers to perform to Slim's " Praise You " outside a Westwood, California , movie theater and taped the performance. The resulting clip was a huge success, and "Koufey" and his troupe were invited to New York City to perform the song for the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards . The video received awards for Best Direction, Breakthrough, and Best Choreography, which Jonze accepted, still in character. Jonze made
872-422: A central role in doing public relations. After a public relations practitioner has been working in the field, they accumulate a list of relationships that become an asset, especially for those in media relations. Within each discipline, typical activities include publicity events , speaking opportunities, press releases , newsletters , blogs , social media , press kits, and outbound communication to members of
981-604: A continuation of the television show, was released in October 2002. Jonze co-produced, contributed to the writing of the segments, and made a cameo appearance in the film. Jonze directed a 60-second commercial called " Lamp " for the furniture store IKEA in 2002, which won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival , considered a prestigious award in the field of advertising. Also in 2002, Jonze directed
1090-664: A host of different types of business verticals such as entertainment, technology, music, travel, television, food, consumer electronics and more. Many publicists build their career in a specific business space to leverage relationships and contacts. There are different kinds of press strategies for such as B2B (business to business) or B2C (business to consumer). Business to business publicity highlights service providers who provide services and products to other businesses. Business to Consumer publicizes products and services for regular consumers, such as toys, travel, food, entertainment, personal electronics and music. Litigation public relations
1199-424: A more sleekly-designed female robot, played by Sienna Guillory . Jonze produced and provided his voice to a character in the short film Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life (2010), based on Maurice Sendak's book of the same name. He co-directed the video for LCD Soundsystem 's " Drunk Girls " with the band's frontman James Murphy and directed the video for Arcade Fire 's " The Suburbs " in 2010,
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#17327829057511308-526: A political party. Those members would then be considered stakeholders, which are people who have a stake or an interest in an organization or issue that potentially involves the organization or group they are interested in. The Publics in Public Relations are: Early literature authored by James Grunig (1978) suggested that publics develop in stages determined by their levels of problem recognition, constraint recognition and involvement in addressing
1417-466: A real menace to democracy as it renders the public discourse powerless. Corporations are able to hire public relations professionals and transmit their messages through the media channels and exercise a huge amount of influence upon the individual who is defenseless against such a powerful force. He claims that public relations is a weapon for capitalist deception and the best way to resist is to become media literate and use critical thinking when interpreting
1526-570: A recurring role in comedy series The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret (2010–2012) and cameo appearances in his own films. Jonze co-founded Directors Label , with filmmakers Chris Cunningham and Michel Gondry , and the Palm Pictures company. He is currently the creative director of Vice Media, Inc. and its multinational television channel Vice on TV . Adam Spiegel was born on October 22, 1969, in New York City ,
1635-452: A satisfactory phrase to describe what I do." In 1948, historian Eric Goldman noted that the definition of public relations in Webster's Dictionary would be "disputed by both practitioners and critics in the field." According to Dr. Ren, the public relations counsel is the agent working with both modern media of communications and group formations of society in order to provide ideas to
1744-429: A series of interviews with Sendak. Jonze wrote and directed We Were Once a Fairytale (2009), a short film starring Kanye West as himself acting belligerently while drunk in a nightclub. Jonze wrote and directed the science fiction romance short film I'm Here in 2010, based on the children's book The Giving Tree . The film stars Andrew Garfield as a robot with a head shaped like an old PC who falls in love with
1853-825: A set of fundamental guidelines that people within the public relations professions should practice and use in their business atmosphere. These values are: Other than the ethics put in place in the United States of America there are also International ethics set to ensure proper and, legal worldwide communication. Regarding these ethics, there are broad codes used specifically for international forms of public relations, and then there are more specific forms from different countries. For example, some countries have certain associations to create ethics and standards to communication across their country. The International Association of Business Communication (founded in 1971), or also known as IABC, has its own set of ethics in order to enforce
1962-408: A set of guidelines that ensure communication internationality is legal, ethical, and is in good taste. Some principles that members of the board of IABC follow include. The IABC members use the following list of ethics in order to work to improve values of communication throughout the world: Spin has been interpreted historically to mean overt deceit that is meant to manipulate the public, but since
2071-422: A short mockumentary about the experience called Torrance Rises (1999). The first feature film Jonze directed was Being John Malkovich in 1999. It stars John Cusack , Cameron Diaz , and Catherine Keener , with John Malkovich as himself. The screenplay was written by Charlie Kaufman and follows a puppeteer who finds a portal in an office that leads to the mind of actor John Malkovich. Kaufman's script
2180-578: A small niche area, BMX exploded at this time into the dominant bicycle for the younger rider, with older teenagers and even adults becoming known names through publications like BMX Bi-Weekly , featuring big names like Tim March and Andy Ruffell. The shift to freestyle from racing came in 1985 with popular styling moving from chrome frames and contrasting components in black blue or red being the norm, to brightly coloured bikes in one colour only, including their magnesium alloy wheels and even matching tyres. Because BMX exploded into Britain's streets so suddenly, it
2289-641: A surreal space and engages in a dance off with her doppelgänger . In 2019, Jonze directed a commercial and accompanying short film for the website building service Squarespace starring Idris Elba , as well a short film titled The New Normal advocating for marijuana legalization in partnership with the cannabis company MedMen . In that year, Jonze also filmed the Aziz Ansari stand-up special Right Now , operating close-up shots himself onstage. He won two consecutive Directors Guild of America Awards for his commercial work in 2018 and 2019. Jonze directed
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#17327829057512398-540: A third time on the playful music video for " Triumph of a Heart " (2005), in which her husband was played by a housecat. The second Jackass film, Jackass Number Two , was released in 2006 and saw Jonze dress as an old lady whose breasts "accidentally" keep becoming exposed while wandering around Los Angeles . Along with Dave Eggers , he had a speaking part in the Beck song "The Horrible Fanfare/Landslide/Exoskeleton" from his 2006 album The Information . In 2007, he became
2507-469: A time in 2001, directing the video for " Weapon of Choice ", starring Christopher Walken dancing around a deserted hotel lobby. The video won multiple awards at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards and the 2002 Grammy Award for Best Music Video . Jonze's second film, the comedy-drama Adaptation , (2002), was partially based on the non-fiction book The Orchid Thief by Susan Orlean and was written by Charlie Kaufman. The metafilm starred Nicolas Cage in
2616-489: Is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes , either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX , or else in general street or off-road recreation. BMX began during the early 1970s in the United States when children began racing their bicycles on dirt tracks in southern California , inspired by the motocross stars of the time. The size and availability of the Schwinn Sting-Ray and other wheelie bikes made them
2725-402: Is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics." The UK-based Chartered Institute of Public Relations focuses its definition on reputation: "Public Relations is about reputation – the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you. Public Relations is the discipline which looks after reputation, with
2834-442: Is essential to mitigate negative impacts and maintain public trust. Public relations professionals both serve the public's interest and private interests of businesses, associations, non-profit organizations, and governments. This dual obligation gave rise to heated debates among scholars of the discipline and practitioners over its fundamental values. This conflict represents the main ethical predicament of public relations. In 2000,
2943-438: Is mostly media -based, and this differentiates it from advertising as a form of marketing communications . Public relations often aims to create or obtain coverage for clients for free, also known as earned media , rather than paying for marketing or advertising also known as paid media. However, advertising is also a part of broader PR activities. An example of good public relations would be generating an article featuring
3052-516: Is now a producer and DJ, and his sister Julia. While studying at Walt Whitman High School , Jonze spent much of his time at a Bethesda community store, where owner Mike Henderson gave him the nickname "Spike Jonze" in reference to the satirical bandleader Spike Jones . While in high school, Jonze was close friends with future Jackass co-creator Jeff Tremaine . They became friends through their shared interest in BMX. A keen BMX rider, Jonze began working at
3161-446: Is presented as the opening credits for a fictional show called Sabotage , featuring the band members appearing as its protagonists . As with "Buddy Holly", the video attracted great popularity and was in "near-constant rotation on MTV." In the same year, Jonze also directed videos for the hip hop group Marxman , The Breeders, Dinosaur Jr. , and another Weezer song, " Undone – The Sweater Song ". Jonze made his film debut as an actor in
3270-548: Is the management of the communication process during the course of any legal dispute or adjudicatory processing so as to affect the outcome or its effect on the client's overall reputation (Haggerty, 2003). Public relations plays a crucial role in crisis management by helping organizations prepare for, navigate, and recover from unexpected events that threaten their reputation, operations, or stakeholders. A crisis can range from natural disasters and product recalls to scandals and cybersecurity breaches. Effective crisis communication
3379-404: Is the use of Internet tools and technologies such as search engines , Web 2.0 social bookmarking, new media relations, blogging , and social media marketing . Interactive PR allows companies and organizations to disseminate information without relying solely on mainstream publications and to communicate directly with the public, customers and prospects. PR practitioners have always relied on
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3488-594: Is to produce content that users will share with their social network to help a company increase brand exposure and broaden customer reach. Some of the major social media platforms currently include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, and Snapchat. As digital technology has evolved, the methods for measuring the effectiveness of online public relations have improved. The Public Relations Society of America, which has been developing PR strategies since 1947, has identified five steps for measuring online public relations effectiveness. Publicists can work in
3597-477: Is ultimately to undermine the central goal of building trust and nurturing a good relationship." The techniques of spin include selectively presenting facts and quotes that support ideal positions ( cherry picking ), the so-called " non-denial denial ", phrasing that in a way presumes unproven truths, euphemisms for drawing attention away from items considered distasteful, and ambiguity in public statements. Another spin technique involves careful choice of timing in
3706-778: The Beastie Boys Story: As Told by Michael Diamond & Adam Horovitz stage show, which took place in Philadelphia and Brooklyn for three nights in 2019 and saw the band's two surviving members tell the story of the Beastie Boys and their friendship. A feature-length documentary, Beastie Boys Story , was also directed by Jonze and features footage from the shows. It was released on Apple TV+ in 2020 to positive reviews. He returned to acting in Damien Chazelle 's 2022 film Babylon , appearing as
3815-700: The Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay at the 71st Golden Globe Awards . Jonze co-wrote, co-produced, and appeared in Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa (2013), a hidden camera comedy film starring Johnny Knoxville as the vulgar grandfather Irvin Zisman. Jonze played his wife Gloria, but was cut from a majority of the film. Jonze served as the creative director of the YouTube Music Awards on November 3, 2013. At
3924-662: The Levi 's commercial "Crazy Legs" and the videos for Beck 's " Guess I'm Doing Fine ", Björk's " It's in Our Hands " (filmed in night vision ), and one of two versions of Weezer's " Island in the Sun ". Jonze co-directed the Girl Skateboards video Yeah Right! in 2003, which featured extensive use of special effects and a cameo by Owen Wilson . That same year, he directed the video for Turbonegro 's single "Sell Your Body (to
4033-522: The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) responded to the controversy by acknowledging in its new code of ethics "advocacy" – for the first time – as a core value of the discipline. The field of public relations is generally highly un-regulated, but many professionals voluntarily adhere to the code of conduct of one or more professional bodies to avoid exposure for ethical violations. The Chartered Institute of Public Relations ,
4142-580: The Volvo S40 . The film was credited to a fictional Venezuelan director named Carlos Soto, but was later revealed to have been directed by Jonze. He directed a commercial for Adidas titled " Hello Tomorrow " in 2005, featuring the music of his brother Sam "Squeak E. Clean" Spiegel and Jonze's then-girlfriend Karen O of the band Yeah Yeah Yeahs . After directing videos for Ludacris and Yeah Yeah Yeahs' " Y Control " (which caused some controversy over its graphic images), Jonze collaborated with Björk for
4251-567: The Weezer song " Buddy Holly ", which featured the band performing the song interspersed with clips from the sitcom Happy Days . The video became immensely popular and was shown frequently on MTV . A 2013 Rolling Stone readers' poll ranked it as the tenth best music video of the 1990s. Also in 1994, Jonze directed the videos for the Beastie Boys ' songs " Sure Shot " and, more famously, " Sabotage ". The latter parodies 1970s cop shows and
4360-548: The World Wars (compare journalism ). World War I (1914–1918), which affected not only military but whole populations, is considered to be "modern propaganda's launching pad". This led to more sophisticated commercial publicity efforts as public-relations talent entered the private sector. Most historians believe modern-day public relations was first established in the US by Ivy Lee (1877–1934) in 1903 when he started working as
4469-436: The press , arranging interviews for company spokespeople, writing speeches for company leaders, acting as an organization's spokesperson , preparing clients for press conferences , media interviews and speeches, writing website and social media content, managing company reputation ( crisis management ), managing internal communications , and marketing activities like brand awareness and event management. Success in
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4578-547: The "Wild Things," who declare Max their king. The Wild Things were played by performers in creature suits, while CGI was required to animate their faces. James Gandolfini , Lauren Ambrose , Chris Cooper, Forest Whitaker , Catherine O'Hara , Paul Dano , and Michael Berry Jr. provided the voices for the Wild Things, and Jonze voiced two owls named Bob and Terry. The film's soundtrack was performed by Karen O and composer Carter Burwell scored his third film for Jonze. Where
4687-534: The "most excitingly original movie of the year". At the 72nd Academy Awards , the film was nominated for Best Director , Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Keener. Jonze co-starred opposite George Clooney , Mark Wahlberg and Ice Cube in David O. Russell 's war comedy Three Kings (1999), which depicts a gold heist by four U.S. soldiers following the end of the Gulf War . Jonze's role in
4796-622: The 1950s has shifted to describing a "polishing of the truth." Today, spin refers to providing a certain interpretation of information meant to sway public opinion. Companies may use spin to create the appearance of the company or other events are going in a slightly different direction than they actually are. Within the field of public relations, spin is seen as a derogatory term, interpreted by professionals as meaning blatant deceit and manipulation. Skilled practitioners of spin are sometimes called "spin doctors." In Stuart Ewen 's PR! A Social History of Spin , he argues that public relations can be
4905-524: The East and West coasts of the United States. The popularity of the sport has increased due to its relative ease and availability of places to ride and do tricks. In the UK, BMX was a craze which took off in the early 1980s, specifically 1982 and 1983, when the BMX bike became the must-have bicycle for children and teenagers. The 1983 cult movie BMX Bandits helped establish the sport further worldwide. Previously
5014-900: The Ipswich BMX Club, which still provides coaching and races on a regular basis. In April 1981, the International BMX Federation was founded, and the first world championships were held in 1982. Since January 1993, BMX has been integrated into the Union Cycliste Internationale . In 2003, the International Olympic Committee made BMX a medal Olympic sport for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing , China , and Māris Štrombergs (male, for Latvia ) and Anne-Caroline Chausson (female, for France ) became
5123-604: The Night)" which featured appearances by the members of Jackass. Jonze co-founded Directors Label – a series of DVDs devoted to music video directors – in September 2003 with filmmakers Chris Cunningham and Michel Gondry . Jonze's volume, The Work of Director Spike Jonze , was released in October and comprises his videos, as well as photographs, drawings and interviews. Jonze made a faux documentary called The Mystery of Dalarö in 2004 as part of an advertising campaign for
5232-529: The Public Relations Society of America, and The Institute of Public Relations are a few organizations that publish an ethical code. Still, Edelman 's 2003 semi-annual trust survey found that only 20 percent of survey respondents from the public believed paid communicators within a company were credible. Individuals in public relations are growing increasingly concerned with their company's marketing practices, questioning whether they agree with
5341-684: The Rockville BMX store in Rockville, Maryland, at the age of 16. A common destination for touring professional BMX teams, Jonze began photographing BMX demos at Rockville and formed a friendship with Freestylin' Magazine editors Mark Lewman and Andy Jenkins. Impressed with Jonze's photography work, the pair offered him a job as a photographer for the magazine, and he subsequently moved to California to pursue career opportunities in photography. Jonze fronted Club Homeboy , an international BMX club, alongside Lewman and Jenkins. The three also created
5450-411: The UK, the equivalent job titles are Account Executive, Account Manager, Account Director and Director. Public relations specialists establish and maintain relationships with an organization's target audiences , the media, relevant trade media, and other opinion leaders . Common responsibilities include designing communications campaigns, writing press releases and other content for news, working with
5559-453: The US and Europe. Jonze also produced and decorated, alongside Ocean and artist Tom Sachs among others, an elaborate stage with a runway and central platform for the same concert. Jonze wrote and directed the stage show Changers: A Dance Story , starring Lakeith Stanfield and Mia Wasikowska . Featuring dance choreography by Ryan Heffington, the show premiered at an Opening Ceremony fashion week presentation in September 2017 before opening to
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#17327829057515668-603: The Wild Things Are was released in October 2009 to a generally positive critical reception but did not perform well at the box office. Some reviewers were unsure whether the film was intended for a younger or adult audience due to its dark tone and level of maturity. Jonze himself said that he "didn't set out to make a children's movie; I set out to make a movie about childhood". A television documentary, Tell Them Anything You Want: A Portrait of Maurice Sendak , co-directed by Jonze and Lance Bangs, aired in 2009 and features
5777-462: The aim of earning understanding and support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics." Public relations can also be defined as the practice of managing communication between an organization and its publics. Quentin Langley argues the use of the word "publics" in
5886-471: The ceremony, he directed the live music video for Arcade Fire's " Afterlife ", documented Lady Gaga 's live performance of " Dope " with Chris Milk , and premiered a short film written by Lena Dunham that Jonze directed called Choose You . Jonze had a small role in Martin Scorsese 's 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street as a stockbroker who teaches Jordan Belfort (played by Leonardo DiCaprio )
5995-420: The company's social responsibility. They seek more influence over marketing and more of a counseling and policy-making role. On the other hand, individuals in marketing are increasingly interested in incorporating publicity as a tool within the realm marketing. According to Scott Cutlip, the social justification for public relations is the right for an organization to have a fair hearing of their point of view in
6104-727: The couple filed for divorce, citing " irreconcilable differences ". The character of John, a career-driven photographer (played by Giovanni Ribisi ) in Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003), was rumored to be based on Jonze, though Coppola commented "It's not Spike, but there are elements of him there, elements of experiences." Jonze dated singer Karen O throughout 2005, although the couple broke up shortly after. People reported that Jonze dated actress Drew Barrymore in 2007. From 2008 to 2009, Jonze dated actress Michelle Williams , with whom he worked on Synecdoche, New York . Jonze
6213-418: The creative director of VBS.tv , an online television network supplied by Vice and funded by MTV. Jonze hosted his own interview show on the service. He directed ads for GAP and Levi's, and co-directed the skateboarding video Fully Flared with Ty Evans and Cory Weincheque in the same year. Jonze directed the music video for Kanye West 's single " Flashing Lights " in 2008. Filmed entirely in slow motion,
6322-423: The disease are stakeholders, but the audience is anyone who is likely to donate money. Public relations experts possess deep skills in media relations, market positioning, and branding. They are powerful agents that help clients deliver clear, unambiguous information to a target audience that matters to them. A public is any group whose members have a common interest or common values in a particular subject, such as
6431-408: The effect of social media in 1999, was controversial in its time, but by 2006 the effect of social media and new Internet technologies became broadly accepted by the general public. Public relations professionals present the face of an organization or individual, usually to articulate its objectives and official views on issues of relevance, primarily to the media. Public relations contributes to
6540-484: The field of public relations requires a deep understanding of the interests and concerns of each of the company's many stakeholders. The public relations professional must know how to effectively address those concerns using the most powerful tool of the public relations trade, which is publicity. Ivy Lee , the man who turned around the Rockefeller name and image, and his friend, Edward Louis Bernays , established
6649-480: The film, the sweet, dimwitted, casually racist PFC Conrad Vig, was written specifically for him. Jonze also directed a commercial for Nike called "The Morning After" in 1999, a parody of the hysteria surrounding Y2K . Jonze returned to video directing in 2000, helming the video for the song " Wonderboy " by the comedy duo Tenacious D . Along with Johnny Knoxville and childhood friend Jeff Tremaine , Jonze co-created, executive produced and occasionally appeared in
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#17327829057516758-451: The first Olympic champions. Many talented BMX riders go on to other cycling sports like downhill , including Australian Olympian Jared Graves , Eric Carter and youth BMX racer Aaron Gwin . Multiple world and Olympic champion track sprinter Chris Hoy also began as a BMX rider. Public relations Public relations ( PR ) is the practice of managing and disseminating information from an individual or an organization (such as
6867-503: The first definition of public relations in the early 20th century as: "a management function, which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interests of an organization... followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance." However, when Lee was later asked about his role in a hearing with the United Transit Commission, he said "I have never been able to find
6976-1060: The former earned Jonze an Academy Award nomination for Best Director . He was a co-creator and executive producer of MTV's Jackass reality franchise. Jonze later began directing films based on his own screenplays, including Where the Wild Things Are (2009) and Her (2013); for the latter film, he won the Academy Award , Golden Globe , and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay , while receiving Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Original Song (" The Moon Song "). He has worked as an actor sporadically throughout his career, co-starring in David O. Russell 's war comedy Three Kings (1999) and appearing in supporting roles in Bennett Miller 's Moneyball (2011) and Martin Scorsese 's The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), in addition to
7085-437: The image maker for and corporate advisor for Rockefeller. Edward Bernays (1891–1995), who handled the publicity of theatrical associations in 1913, then spread internationally. Meanwhile, in the nascent Soviet Russia of the 1920s, artists and poets (such as Mayakovsky ) engaged in public-relations campaigns for various state agencies and causes (note for example Likbez ). Many American companies with PR departments spread
7194-515: The ins and outs of penny stocks . Jonze got the part as the film shared the same casting director as Her , who asked Jonze if he wanted to appear in the film. He directed the video for Kanye West's " Only One " in 2015, which was filmed on his iPhone in a foggy field and featured heartfelt interactions between West and daughter. Jonze made a guest appearance in the fourth season of Lena Dunham's television series Girls in March 2015. Jonze directed
7303-507: The issue. The theory posited that publics develop in the following stages: Messaging is the process of creating a consistent story around: a product, person, company, or service. Messaging aims to prevent readers from receiving contradictory or confusing information that could instill doubt in their purchasing choices, or other decisions that affect the company. Brands aim to have the same problem statement, industry viewpoint, or brand perception shared across sources and media. Digital marketing
7412-461: The latter being an edited version of Jonze's short film Scenes from the Suburbs (2011), a dystopian vision of suburbia in the near-future and an expansion of the themes of nostalgia, alienation, and childhood found in the song. A third Jackass film, Jackass 3D , premiered in 2010. He was part of the main cast for the black comedy series The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret as
7521-672: The marketing perspective of seeing public relations as part of marketing, which he claims is too focused on just one of Hayward's six publics: customers. Public relations has historical roots pre-dating the 20th century. Most textbooks regard the establishment of the "Publicity Bureau" in Boston in 1900 as marking the founding of a public relations profession . Academics have found early forms of public influence and communications management in ancient civilizations. Aristotle 's Rhetoric , for example, explains core foundations for persuasion . Evidence shows that it continued to evolve during
7630-671: The media such as TV, radio, and magazines, to promote their ideas and messages tailored specifically to a target audience. Social media marketing is not only a new way to achieve that goal, but also a continuation of a strategy that existed for decades. Lister et al. said that "Digital media can be seen as a continuation and extension of a principal or technique that was already in place". Social media platforms enable users to connect with audiences to build brands, increase sales, and drive website traffic. This involves publishing content on social media profiles, engaging with followers, analyzing results, and running social media advertisements. The goal
7739-715: The middle of that decade, the sport achieved critical mass , and manufacturers began creating bicycles designed especially for the sport. In 1974, George E. Esser founded the National Bicycle League as a non-profit bicycle motocross sanctioning organization. Before they set up the NBL, Esser and his wife, Mary, sanctioned motorcycle races with the American Motocross Association (AMA). Their two sons, Greg and Brian, raced motorcycles, but also enjoyed riding and racing BMX with their friends. It
7848-523: The natural bike of choice for these races, since they were easily customized for better handling and performance. BMX racing was a phenomenon by the mid-1970s. Children were racing standard road bikes off-road around purpose-built tracks in California. The motorcycle racing documentary On Any Sunday (1971) is generally credited with inspiring the movement nationally in the United States; its opening scene shows kids riding their Sting-Rays off-road. By
7957-584: The need to 'only connect'" and embracing it "in a speculative way that feels very pertinent to the moment and captures the emotional malaise of a future just an intriguing step or two ahead of contemporary reality." Scott Foundas of Variety opined that it was Jonze's "richest and most emotionally mature work to date". At the 86th Academy Awards , Jonze was nominated for three Academy Awards for Her , winning for Best Original Screenplay and receiving further nominations for Best Picture and Best Original Song for co-writing " The Moon Song " with Karen O. Jonze won
8066-598: The needs and desires of the audience they are trying to appeal to. Sometimes the interests of differing audiences and stakeholders common to a public relations effort necessitate the creation of several distinct but complementary messages. These messages however should be relevant to each other, thus creating consistency in the overall message and theme. Audience targeting tactics are important for public relations practitioners because they face all kinds of problems: low visibility, lack of public understanding, opposition from critics, and insufficient support from funding sources. On
8175-496: The organization and the public interest ." The Public Relations Society of America , a professional trade association, defined public relations in 1982 as: "Public relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other." In 2011 and 2012, the PRSA solicited crowd-supplied definitions for the term and allowed the public to vote on one of three finalists. The winning definition stated that: "Public relations
8284-403: The other hand, stakeholder theory identifies people who have a stake in a given institution or issue. All audiences are stakeholders (or presumptive stakeholders), but not all stakeholders are members of a target audience. For example, if a charity commissions a public relations agency to create an advertising campaign to raise money to find a cure for a disease, the charity and the people with
8393-462: The plural is "central to the understanding" of public relations, writing "all organisations have a series of publics, or stakeholders, on whom their success depends". He follows Roger Hayward (1991) in dividing the publics into "customers (past, present, and future), staff (past, present, and future), investors (past, present, and future), politicians and regulators, neighbours, and business partners (suppliers, distributors, etc.)". Langley also contests
8502-585: The practice to Europe when they set up European subsidiaries in the wake of the Marshall plan of 1948–1952. In the second half of the 20th century, public relations entered an era of professional development . Trade associations, PR news-magazines, international PR agencies, and academic principles for the profession were established. In the early 2000s, press-release services began offering social-media press releases. The Cluetrain Manifesto , which predicted
8611-399: The press. Video and audio news releases (VNRs and ANRs) are often produced and distributed to TV outlets in hopes they will be used as regular program content. A fundamental technique used in public relations is to identify the target audience and to tailor messages that are relevant to each audience. Audience targeting requires public relations professionals to have a deep understanding of
8720-538: The public for a four-night run at the La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club . Jonze produced the documentary Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond (2017), which documents the production of the film Man on the Moon (1999). The following year, he directed the short commercial film Welcome Home for Apple's HomePod devices, starring FKA Twigs dancing inside her apartment as its transforms into
8829-478: The public forum, but to obtain such a hearing for their ideas requires a skilled advocate. Marketing and communications strategist, Ira Gostin, believes there is a code of conduct when conducting business and using public relations. Public relations specialists have the ability to influence society. Fact-checking and presenting accurate information is necessary to maintain credibility with employers and clients. The Public Relations Society of America has established
8938-594: The public's consciousness. Furthermore, he is also concerned with ideologies and courses of actions as well as material goods and services and public utilities and industrial associations and large trade groups for which it secures popular support. In August 1978, the World Assembly of Public Relations Associations defined the field as "the art and social science of analyzing trends , predicting their consequences, counselling organizational leaders and implementing planned programs of action, which will serve both
9047-621: The release of certain news so it can take advantage of prominent events in the news. Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), 'black hat PR' and in some earlier writing "Black PR", is a process of destroying the target's reputation and/or corporate identity . The objective in DPR is to discredit someone else, who may pose a threat to the client's business or be a political rival. DPR may rely on IT security , industrial espionage , social engineering and competitive intelligence . Common techniques include using dirty secrets from
9156-448: The same name , was directed by Jonze and co-written by Jonze and Dave Eggers , who expanded the original ten-sentence book into a feature film. Sendak gave advice to Jonze while he was adapting the book and the two developed a friendship. The film stars Max Records as Max, a lonely 8-year-old boy who runs away from home after an argument with his mother (played by Catherine Keener) and sails away to an island inhabited by creatures known as
9265-488: The same year, he also directed a television commercial titled "Guerrilla Tennis" for Nike featuring tennis players Andre Agassi and Pete Sampras participating in a match in the middle of an intersection in Manhattan, the "rapid-paced" title sequence for the sitcom Double Rush and worked on videos for R.E.M. , Sonic Youth and Ween . Jonze sole video directing credit of 1996 was for The Pharcyde 's " Drop ", which
9374-663: The settling of the New World and during the movement to abolish slavery in England. Basil Clarke is considered the founder of public relations in the United Kingdom for his establishment of "Editorial Services" in 1924. The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and others used the concept of propaganda , which later evolved into public relations, to rally domestic support and to demonize enemies during
9483-518: The short commercial film Kenzo World to promote a fragrance by Kenzo in 2016. The film starred Margaret Qualley as a woman erratically dancing around a large mansion, with choreography by Ryan Heffington . Jonze is the creative director of multinational television channel brand Viceland , which launched in February 2016. In 2017, Jonze directed Frank Ocean 's summer festival tour, which included 8 shows which took place in different cities around
9592-646: The son of Arthur H. Spiegel III and Sandra L. Granzow. His father was of German Jewish ancestry. Jonze is the great-grandson of Arthur Spiegel and the great-great-grandson of Joseph Spiegel , founder of the Spiegel catalog . Arthur H. Spiegel III was the founder of a healthcare consulting firm . Jonze's parents divorced when he was a young child and his father remarried. Jonze was raised by his mother in Bethesda, Maryland , where she worked in public relations , along with his brother Sam "Squeak E. Clean" Spiegel , who
9701-508: The sports drama Moneyball as the husband of Robin Wright 's character, who is the ex-wife of Billy Beane (played by Brad Pitt ). In 2012, Jonze co-directed the feature-length skateboarding film Pretty Sweet with his Fully Flared co-directors Ty Evans and Cory Weincheque. Jonze's fourth feature film, the romantic science fiction drama Her , was released in December 2013. The film
9810-601: The streets of New York City . His video for the Chemical Brothers 's " Elektrobank " (1997) starred his future wife Sofia Coppola as a gymnast. Throughout 1997, he also worked on videos for R.E.M., Pavement , Puff Daddy , and The Notorious B.I.G. He made a cameo appearance as a paramedic in David Fincher 's film The Game (1997). Jonze filmed a short documentary in 1997, Amarillo by Morning , about two Texan boys who aspire to be bull riders . He
9919-453: The supervisor to David Cross ' character for the first two seasons in 2010 and 2012, before being replaced by Jack McBrayer in the third season. Jonze resumed his longtime collaboration with the Beastie Boys in July 2011, directing the video for their song featuring Santigold , " Don't Play No Game That I Can't Win ", in which the band members are portrayed as action figures . He then directed
10028-488: The television series Jackass in 2000, which aired on MTV for three seasons until 2002. The show featured a group of people performing dangerous stunts and pranks on each other. At the request of Al Gore 's presidential campaign in 2000 , Jonze directed a short video about Gore at his home. The video was shown at the Democratic National Convention . He collaborated with Fatboy Slim for a second
10137-609: The time, and began shooting photos with the young Blind team including Jason Lee , Guy Mariano and Rudy Johnson in the late 1980s. Jonze became a regular contributor to Transworld Skateboarding and was subsequently given a job at World Industries by Steve Rocco , who enlisted him to photograph advertisements and shoot promotional videos for his brands under the World Industries umbrella. Jonze filmed, edited and produced his first skateboarding video, Rubbish Heap , for World Industries in 1989. His following video project
10246-404: The various mediated messages. According to Jim Hoggan , "public relations is not by definition 'spin'. Public relations is the art of building good relationships. You do that most effectively by earning trust and goodwill among those who are important to you and your business... Spin is to public relations what manipulation is to interpersonal communications. It's a diversion whose primary effect
10355-527: The video for Kanye West and Jay-Z 's 2011 single " Otis ", which saw the pair driving a customized Maybach 57 around an industrial lot. Along with Simon Cahn, Jonze co-directed the stop-motion animated short film Mourir Auprès De Toi (2011), which is set in the Shakespeare and Company bookstore in Paris. Jonze voiced a skeletal Macbeth in the film. Also in 2011, Jonze played a small supporting role in
10464-478: The video stars West and model Rita G, and sees her driving around the Las Vegas, Nevada , desert in a Ford Mustang before stopping to repeatedly stab West, who is tied up in the trunk. Jonze produced Charlie Kaufman's directorial debut Synecdoche, New York in 2008, which Jonze originally intended to direct. Where the Wild Things Are (2009), a film adaptation of Maurice Sendak children's picture book of
10573-528: The way an organization is perceived by influencing the media and maintaining relationships with stakeholders. According to Jacquie L'Etang from Queen Margaret University, public relations professionals can be viewed as "discourse workers specializing in communication and the presentation of argument and employing rhetorical strategies to achieve managerial aims." Specific public relations disciplines include: Building and managing relationships with those who influence an organization or individual's audiences have
10682-671: The youth culture magazine Dirt . Moving into filmmaking, he began shooting street skateboarding films, including the influential Video Days (1991). Jonze co-founded the skateboard company Girl Skateboards in 1993 with riders Rick Howard and Mike Carroll . Jonze's filmmaking style made him an in-demand director of music videos for much of the 1990s, resulting in collaborations with R.E.M. , Sonic Youth , Beastie Boys , Ween , Fatboy Slim , Daft Punk , Weezer , Björk , Arcade Fire and Kanye West . Jonze began his feature film directing career with Being John Malkovich (1999) and Adaptation (2002), both written by Charlie Kaufman ;
10791-421: The youth culture magazines Homeboy and Dirt , the latter of which was spun off from the female-centered Sassy and was aimed towards young boys. While shooting for various BMX publications in California, Jonze was introduced to a number of professional skateboarders who often shared ramps with BMX pros. Jonze formed a close friendship with Mark Gonzales , co-owner of the newly formed Blind Skateboards at
10900-462: Was Video Days , a promotional video for Blind Skateboards, which was released in 1991 and is considered to be highly influential in the community. The video's subject, Gonzales, presented a copy of Video Days to Kim Gordon during a chance encounter following a Sonic Youth show in early 1992. Impressed with Jonze's videography skills, Gordon asked him to direct a music video featuring skateboarders. The video, co-directed by Jonze and Tamra Davis ,
11009-686: Was also one of the cinematographers for the documentary Free Tibet , which documents the 1996 Tibetan Freedom Concert in San Francisco . His 1998 commercial for Sprite is considered an example of subvertising for its spoof take on the brand's mascot. Jonze developed an alter ego named Richard Koufey, the leader of the Torrance Community Dance Group, an urban troupe that performs in public spaces. The Koufey persona appeared when Jonze, in character, filmed himself dancing to Fatboy Slim 's " Praise You " as it played on
11118-446: Was filmed backwards and then reversed. In 1997, Jonze made a short film called How They Get There , starring Mark Gonzales as a man who is playfully imitating a woman's actions on the other side of a sidewalk before running into danger. Jonze worked with the electronic music duo Daft Punk on the music video for the instrumental song " Da Funk " in 1997. The clip, titled Big City Nights , follows an anthropomorphic "man-dog" wandering
11227-410: Was for their 1992 single " 100% ", which featured skateboarding footage of Blind Skateboards rider Jason Lee, who later became a successful actor. In 1993, Jonze co-directed the "trippy" music video for The Breeders song " Cannonball " with Gordon. Along with Rick Howard and Mike Carroll , Jonze co-founded the skateboard company Girl Skateboards in 1993. The following year, he directed the video for
11336-539: Was his first original screenplay and the first he had written alone, inspired by Charlie Kaufman by putting "all the ideas and feelings at that time" into his script for Synecdoche, New York . It stars Joaquin Phoenix , Amy Adams , Rooney Mara , Olivia Wilde , and Scarlett Johansson . The film follows the recently divorced Theodore Twombly (Phoenix), a man who develops a relationship with a seemingly intuitive and humanistic female voice, named "Samantha" (Johansson), produced by an advanced computer operating system. Samantha
11445-435: Was originally voiced by Samantha Morton during its production, but was later replaced by Johansson. Jonze provided his voice to a video game character in the film, Alien Child, who interacts with Theodore. The film's score was composed by Arcade Fire and Owen Pallett . Her was met with universal acclaim from critics. Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter praised Jonze for taking an old theme "the search for love and
11554-476: Was passed on to Jonze by his father-in-law Francis Ford Coppola and he agreed to direct it, "delighted by its originality and labyrinthine plot". Being John Malkovich was released in October 1999 to laudatory reviews; the Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert found the film to be "endlessly inventive" and named it the best film of 1999, while Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly called it
11663-492: Was perhaps inevitable that it would implode with similar speed, when the children who rode the bikes left school and went to work. By 1986–1987, sales in the UK had dropped off dramatically, with the new all-terrain bike or mountain bike (another trend from mid-1970s California) taking off, soon to become the most popular adult bicycle. In 1980, the first BMX track in the UK was founded in Landseer Park , Ipswich , by
11772-462: Was reported to have begun dating Japanese actress Rinko Kikuchi in 2010 and the couple briefly lived together in New York City . They separated in 2011. Since 2019, Jonze has been in a relationship with artist Allie Teilz , whom he met in 2013 on the set of Her . Teilz and Jonze welcomed twin sons in 2023. In 2024, Teilz announced they were expecting another child. BMX BMX , an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross ,
11881-606: Was their sons' interest, and the lack of BMX organizations in the East, which prompted Esser to start the NBL in Florida. By 1977, the American Bicycle Association (ABA) was organized as a national sanctioning body for the growing sport. Freestyle BMX is now one of the staple events at the annual Summer X Games Extreme Sports competition and the Etnies Backyard Jam, held primarily on
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