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25-530: Splittertarnmuster was first printed on the newly designed and issued triangular tent/poncho called the dreiecks zeltbahn (triangle tarpaulin), just as the Italian 1929 telo mimetico began as a tent pattern. Known in German as Buntfarbenaufdruck 31 (colourful print 31), for its year of introduction, splittertarn was later issued to practically all regular military ( Wehrmacht ) units. The pattern consists of

50-427: A bayonet hole allowing the rifle to be used as an ad-hoc tent pole. Russian Army has used plasch-palatkas (literally "cape-tents", designed to be used as both a part of a larger tent cover, or an individual weatherproof cape) since 1894, and the modern version, virtually unchanged since, was introduced in 1936, with the camo version being available since 1942. To add some confusion, the ordinary waterproofed cape with

75-569: A combat vest, balaclava, a white winter over-suit, and black leather combat boots. These items are produced in the M90 pattern in three schemes, woodland, snow, and desert; although the snow camouflage is only issued to specific units. The desert camouflage has been in use with the Swedish ISAF contingent in Afghanistan since 2004. The basic field uniform has a number of variations beyond

100-471: A dark green background. This camouflage pattern was exported to Latvia for wear as part of SFOR forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Zeltbahn A shelter-half is a simple kind of partial tent designed to provide temporary shelter and concealment when combined with one or more sections. Two sheets of canvas or a similar material (the halves) are fastened together with snaps, straps or buttons to form

125-435: A disruptive, zig-zag pattern of hard-edged wood-brown and medium green polygons printed on a light field-grey or tan background. A random pattern of green dashes, called raindrops, was applied in places to improve the camouflage effect. Proposed in 1931 and introduced in 1932, the four-colour camouflage patterns incorporated "splinters" on top of the 1918 colour pattern. The pattern included ochre , rust and brown overlaid on

150-507: A green foundation, with sharp corners between coloured patches. This new pattern was printed on zeltbahn (triangular tent) material and could also be used as a camouflage rain poncho in the field. Both sides of the material showed the same pattern but the printing was brighter on one side. A subdued grey-beige tint replaced the yellow-ochre colour. On top of this background, green and brown irregular patterns were screen-printed. A final innovation applied to this camouflage colour printing were

175-470: A larger surface. The shelter-half is then erected using poles, ropes, pegs, and whatever tools are on hand, forming an inverted V structure. Small tents like these are often called pup tents in American English. Shelter halves are a mainstay of most armies, and are known from the mid 19th century. Often, each soldier carries one shelter-half and half the poles, etc., and they pair off to erect

200-400: A padded jacket, trousers, separate hood and mittens. These were also printed only on one side and were left white on the other side. Only a small amount of this was produced; a similar set made in mouse grey or field grey were more common. Many unofficial garments and helmet covers were produced as field expedients or were tailor-made, mostly from zeltbahn material. These included versions of

225-432: A similar name ( plasch-nakidka , "cape-overcoat") was issued at the same time, but these were not intended to combine with each other. A commercially sold example known as a zelter shelter exists. Swedish Military Uniform The Swedish Armed Forces have an extensive history, during which it has undergone changes in both the equipment and military uniforms it uses. The current combat uniform system used by

250-465: A spidery waveform. From 1990, the Swedish armed forces carried a four-color M90 Splittertarnmuster , which is close to the bright colors printed 31 through the resumption of sharp linear triangular patches. The differences are in the schematic, because the spots are not distributed freely but directly abut and are not crossed by the dashed lines. Blue, khaki, and light green patches are distributed on

275-402: A two-man tent. The size and shape of each half shelter piece may vary from army to army, but are typically rectangular, triangular or lozenge shaped. When time and space allow, some forms of half-shelters can be combined into a larger, more complex tent. Shelter-halves are usually designed to serve double duty as ponchos against the rain, or for the concealment of snipers . While the fabric

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300-634: Is often simple olive drab , several nations use camouflaged fabric. The first printed camouflage for soldiers were the Italian Telo mimetico introduced in 1929 for their half-shelters. The first camouflage uniforms were the Second World War German paratrooper smock, based on their M1931 Splittermuster shelter-halves. The Austro-Hungarian army used the M888 zeltbahn that was first issued in an ochre color, later in grey color that had

325-502: The "splinters" irregularly printed on the fabric. Directional, dark-green dashed lines ("grass" or "rain") were printed in selected areas to help break up the silhouette. Many similar rain pattern designs inspired by splittermuster were made after the war by Warsaw Pact countries. During the war, cost-saving measures required textiles to be printed with changed colours and many of the lower-cost two-colour options were abandoned. These cost-saving measures caused significant deviations from

350-524: The Swedish military is the Fältuniform M90 (English: Field Uniform M90 ) and it applies the M90 camouflage pattern . The m/1906 consisted of a jacket, trousers, greatcoat and a tricorne hat; All in gray except for blue trouser stripes on each side. Both the jacket and greatcoat lacked shoulder straps and had decorative chevron above the sleeves along with branch insignia on the right arm. The m/1910

375-426: The dashed lines has been the national camouflage of Bulgaria and has continually evolved. It was worn as a one piece boilersuit and as a two piece suit for paratroops, border troops and mountain troops. The mountain version had large patches of reinforcing materials on the knees, elbows, wrists and shoulders and black patches under the arms, around the collar and in the crotch. A Soviet style large beret, pulled down to

400-415: The insignias on the collar and instead of two breast pockets the jacket has pockets on the back. Older m/1939 uniforms were commonly resewn as m/1939-58. Unlike the previous uniforms the m/1959 used green cotton fabric instead of wool for the role of a summer uniform while the overall cut remained similar to the m/1958 uniform. Still there were elements of the m/1959 uniform meant for winter use, specifically

425-529: The left, was worn. For the paratroopers in 1953, a three-colour pattern was introduced, which had been derived directly from the bright colours printed in 1941 for the German paratroopers. The dashed lines here were not aligned uniformly in one direction but could vary within a limited framework. The colours were based on the model but used other tones. The Bulgarian splinter 53 was later issued to special forces and worn until 1991. The Bulgarian Splittertarnmuster

450-421: The original colour patterns. In 1941 splitter pattern jump smocks were issued to German paratroops for the invasion of Crete. In 1942, a Tarnhemd (smock) and Tarnhelmüberzug (helmet cover), both of a lightweight herringbone twill linen, were issued. Only one side of each was printed in splitter pattern; the other side was left white for snow camouflage. In April 1942, a Wintertarnanzug suit consisted of

475-418: The service dress uniform, parachute-jump smocks, field jackets, rucksacks and panzer jackets. Later materials included rayon . Luftwaffen-Splittermuster 41 (also: Buntfarbenaufdruck ) is a Luftwaffe version with a smaller splinter and a more-complicated pattern, from probably not earlier than 1941. The Luftwaffe's variant of splittermuster 31 is known in the literature as "splinter camouflage B". The pattern

500-437: The uniform now had high standing collars and no longer had blue shoulder straps or chevrons. After the outbreak of the second world war the m/1939 was introduced with a turn down collar instead of the previous high collar designs. Furthermore, m/1940 white ski jacket and trousers were introduced. The m/1942 KV was the first standard field uniform for women, the design was based on the m/1939 uniform and included an armband which

525-412: The wool lined winter cap and fur lined coat (vindrock) The m/1970 KV uniform was the women's equivalent of the m/1959 uniform and was used until the adoption of the unisex M90 The M90 uniform consists of a field jacket (fältjacka), field trousers (fältbyxa), a field cap (fältmössa), and a helmet cover (hjälmdok). Other items issued as part of the field uniform include a green quarter-zip thermal shirt,

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550-488: Was developed in the 1960s and 1970s, with varied shapes and colors. In 1979, the army released another version of the Bulgarian paratroopers colored imprint of 1941, with wavy dotted lines, which was again closer to the German model. In 1991, the production of the pattern was started. In 1997, the current three-color printing for bright colors was launched for the entire Bulgarian army, with the dashed lines appearing again in

575-438: Was different depending on the organization they are part of until 1946 when the practice was ended. During the 1950s the m/1957 KV uniform was adopted to compliment the m/1942 KV which included a new blouse, skirt and jacket. The m/1958 uniform was designed for the use specifically as a winter uniform with its counterpart m/1959 uniform being the summer uniform. Unlike previous uniforms it no longer had shoulder straps thus having

600-410: Was the finalized version of the previous uniform, with minor modifications present. The most notable changes were the addition of shoulder straps, removal of branch insignia on the arm and removal of chevrons from greatcoats. For winter the white m/1909 hat and m/1913 coat were introduced. After the first world war the new m/1923 uniform was developed, the tricorne was replaced with a new peaked cap and

625-504: Was used for the Fallschirmjäger 's parachute Knochensack jump smock and Luftwaffe Field Division field jacket to be manufactured. Other material produced with this equipment included camouflage helmet covers, ammunition bandoliers and grenade bags. The production of the splinter camouflage B ended in 1944. During World War II, Bulgarian paratroopers were equipped with Luftwaffe-Splittermuster 41. Its typical square look with

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