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60-710: In 1258, Yuan dynasty general San Gil ( 산길 ; 散吉 ) and Bo Ji ( 보지 ; 普只 ) invaded northeastern Goryeo along with the eastern Jurchen. Tongbungmyŏn military commissioner Sin Chipp'yŏng ( 신집편 ; 慎執平 ) forcibly removed civilians who took refugee on Jeodo island ( 저도 ; 楮島 ) to Jukdo island in Tŏkwon . However, Cho Hwi ( 조휘 ; 趙暉 ) and T'ak Ch'ŏng ( 탁청 ; 卓青 ) killed Pak Ingi ( 박인기 ; 朴仁起 ), governor of Deungju, and Kim Sŏnbo ( 김선보 ; 金宣甫 ), governor of Hwaju, and then Sin Chip-p'yŏng. They then surrendered

120-436: A covered depot was opened. Prior to that, the vehicles were parked on the western loop. Services were often interrupted during this time. The new lines were planned to run from Changchon-dong to Kalma station , to Songdowon and to Myongsasimiri-dong. NK News however, incorrectly reported by implying that it was only being revived recently, while in fact, new Chollima-321 trolleybuses had been delivered since 2019. In 2020,

180-472: A diplomat and former Vice Chairman of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea . In 2013, it was announced that Wonsan would be converted into a summer destination with resorts and entertainment. Having spent his childhood years there, Kim Jong Un has expressed significant interest in developing the region, with the construction of new infrastructure such as Kalma Airport , a dual-use civilian international airport and military proving ground . A state corporation,

240-528: A harbor with a boathouse, a beach, and a racehorse track. Wonsan used to be in South Hamgyong , but when provincial borders were redrawn in 1946, it joined the northern half of Kangwon (which had been split at the 38th parallel north into a zone under Soviet control in the north and one of American control in the south in 1945) and became its capital, as Kangwon's traditional capitals Wonju (1395–1895) and Ch'unch'on (since 1896) both were south of

300-547: A joint in various directions, forming unusual terrains and strange rocks, which have been formed as a result of erosion for a long period of crustal activity and weathering, from 10 million years to the present. Kŭmgang Mountain ranges from Tongchon County , Kangwon Province in North Korea, to Inje County , Gangwon Province in South Korea. The area is up to 40 km long east–west, 60 km north–south, with

360-498: A total size of 530 km² to the back of Baekdudaegan. It is divided between the "Inner Kumgang" in the west and the "Outer Kumgang" in the east. The area on the east side of the Yeongeum River is called "Hae Kumgang" ("Sea Kumgang"). The main peak of Mt. Kŭmgang is Pirobong, and there are more than 60 peaks over 1,000 meters. Combined with countless sub-peaks, they were historically called "12,000 peaks". Many scenic spots in

420-533: A water park, a football pitch, and a large private beach area. The camp's exterior features dormitories, recreational buildings, a gym, an aquarium where campers can learn about flora and fauna, a history of birds, and a display room for taxidermy animals. The camps also has a well-equipped cooking practice room so that campers can learn to cook various foods on their own. The camp's main events include cultural exchanges between countries, where students perform culturally relevant songs and dances. Other classes offered at

480-698: A white sandy beach on the Sea of Japan. The Sinphyong-Kumgang Scenic Site is located on the Ahobiryong mountain range that extends to the central region of Korea. Its development began in December 2009 and was completed in four years. It is located 124 km from Pyongyang, and the total site area is 1820 hectares. Sinphyong-Kumgang Scenic Site has a total of 70 attractions, including Okryudaegol, Namgang Chongsokjong, Tanphunggol, Kumgang Waterfall Valley, Tohwa Cave, and Nounphogol. Visitors to this place appreciate

540-649: A year. In June 2005, Hyundai Asan announced the one millionth South Korean visit to the area. The Mount Kumgang Tourist Region, developed by Hyundai Asan , was thought to be one way for the North Korean government to earn hard currency . The currency at the resort was neither the South Korean won nor the North Korean won , but the Chinese RMB and US dollar . Food and services to South Korean tourists were provided by some North Koreans. But most of

600-606: Is a pond, which is 1.5 metres in depth and 30 metres in radius. It is a favoured cultural recreation ground. Other famous scenic sites near Wonsan include Chongsokchon and Mt. Kŭmgang . The German Church is the former church of the Tokwon abbey , now used by the Wonsan University of Agriculture. Mount Kumgang Mount Kumgang ( Korean :  금강산 ; RR :  Geumgangsan ; MR :  Kŭmgangsan ; lit.   Diamond Mountain ) or

660-434: Is a region where rain and snow fall relatively heavily, and the climate varies depending on altitude and even east-west location. The Kŭmgang geological layer is composed of several types of rocks from ancient geological periods. The most widely distributed rocks are granites of two types (mica mixed and stained), with granite-gneissic fertilization zones being formed in some areas. The rocks are transversely oriented and form

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720-613: Is a scenic spot on the southeastern seashore of the Karma Peninsula in Wonsan. The sand dune of the Kalma Peninsula extending into Wonsan Bay is four miles long. The name Myongsasibri comes from a famous sandy field with a length of 10 ri (4 km). It is about 7 km from Namdaechon (Anbyon) fishing port. The width of the sand field is 0.7 km in the narrow part and 1.3 km in the wide part. Sokwangsa Temple

780-720: Is a temple from the late Koryo-Joson dynasties. In 1386, at the end of the Koryo Dynasty, Ungjinjon was first built, and after that, more than 50 large and small buildings were built during the Joson dynasty. Sokwangsa Temple is a valuable cultural heritage that shows the excellent architectural skills of feudal Korea. The Songdowon International Children's Camp, located in Wonsan, is a summer camp that hosts around 400 international children annually. The camp has undergone major renovations in 2014, increasing its maximum capacity to 1200 children. The camp offers various activities, including

840-640: Is also an underground air force runway which runs through a mountain, near Wonsan. North Korea's first public air show, the Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival , was held at Wonsan Airport in September 2016. Wonsan was also the terminus of the Mangyongbong-92 ferry that operated between Wonsan and Niigata , which was the only direct connection between Japan and North Korea. This service

900-416: Is called Pongraesan ( 봉래산 ; 蓬萊 山 ; lit.  Penglai Mountain); in autumn, Phung'aksan ( 풍악산 ; 楓 岳 山 ; 楓 骨 山 ; lit.  great mountain of colored leaves ); in winter, Kaegolsan ( 개골산 ; 皆 骨 山 ; lit.  all bone mountain). The creation of Mt. Kŭmgang is closely related to the unique climate and distinctive geological activity of the area. Mt. Kŭmgang

960-621: Is known for the lagoons and stone pillars. Kuryong Falls ("Nine Dragons Falls") in Kuryongyeon is one of the three major waterfalls in Korea along with Daeseung Falls in Seoraksan . It is 74 meters in height and 4 meters in width. The waterfall cliffs and the bottom are made of one granite mass. Bibbong Waterfall is 139 meters higher, and is named for its refreshing water stream. The rocks there are associated with unique legends. Much of

1020-485: Is primarily developed for foreign investors and is adjacent to "Office Work" complexes, including an international financial building, leasing office building, and restaurants specializing in International cuisine. The plan also includes an international finance complex, which was previously referred to as a "financial service center" but has been renamed to "financial complex." On 15 July 2016, KCNA announced that

1080-451: Is severe, and the rainfall increases from Haegeumgang to Oegeumgang, but due to the phenomenon of Foehn, the rainfall decreases from Naegeumgang to Naegeumgang. It is also warm and humid in preparation for the overall climate in Korea. However, depending on the altitude, cold temperatures of minus 10 to 30 degrees Celsius will continue in the winter, and depending on the region, snow will fall as early as October. These climatic conditions lie at

1140-505: Is the terminus of the P'yongyang-Wonsan Tourist Motorway and the Wonsan-Kŭmgangsan Highway. A trolleybus system with two lines is currently in operation in Wonsan. The system opened on September 8, 1988, from Wonsan station to Changchon-dong. In 2020, there were three new trolleybus lines under construction in the city, which is aimed at reducing the number of fossil fuel-powered vehicles and to prevent air pollution, and

1200-744: The Geumgang jeondo and the Pungaknaesan chongramdo , painted in the 1740s by Jeong Seon . The division of the Korean peninsula in 1950 resulted in the South Korean people finding themselves unable to visit this beloved mountain for the better part of 50 years. The 155-mile-long (249 km) barbed-wire fence erected as part of the DMZ (Demilitarized zone) separating the two Koreas proved to be an obstacle stronger than any other barrier. In 1894

1260-584: The 4 June Rolling Stock Works , which is one of the DPRK's largest railway rolling stock factories. The Wonsan-Mt. Kumgang International Tourist Zone, announced in 2014, was set to become an investment hub in North Korea. The investment proposal, titled 'Integrated Development of Jung-dong,' aims to construct 4 blocks of 30-storied and 6 blocks of 21-storied apartments for lease in No.1 and No.2 districts. The proposal includes around 2,000 flats with 3-4 living rooms. The area

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1320-699: The Chinese counter-attack, the city fell under Chinese control on 9 December 1950. It was heavily bombed and shelled by the United Nations in the Blockade of Wonsan during the Korean War . According to the official US Navy history, Wonsan was under continuous siege and bombardment by the American navy from March 1951 until July 27, 1953, making it the longest siege in modern American naval history. By

1380-727: The Kumgang Mountains is a mountain massif , with a 1,638-metre-high (5,374 ft) peak , in Kangwon-do , North Korea . It is located on the east coast of the country, in Mount Kumgang Tourist Region , formerly part of Kangwŏn Province , and is part of the Taebaek mountain range which runs along the east of the Korean Peninsula . The mountain is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from

1440-473: The Masikryong Ski Resort was built in 2016. A $ 123m golf course is planned outside the city. Songdowon is a scenic spot by the Sea of Japan, 3 km northwest of downtown Wonsan. The name Songdowon comes from the fact that when looked down from a high place, the pine trees look like waves. Songdowon is a scenic spot of the Sea of Japan that has been widely known since ancient times, where

1500-493: The South Korean city of Sokcho in Gangwon-do . Mount Kumgang has been known for its scenic beauty since ancient times and is the subject of many different works of art . Including its spring name, Kŭmgangsan ( 금강산 ; 金 剛 山 , Korean pronunciation: [kɯmɡaŋsʰan] ), it has many different names for each season, but it is most widely known today in the Korean language as Kŭmgangsan. In summer, it

1560-504: The 38th parallel and south of the Military Demarcation Line that replaced the 38th parallel as a border in 1953. Due to it being a coastal city, seafood is commonly consumed in Wonsan. Wonsan is known for many local seafood delicacies including boiled rice with clam meat, a speciality of Kangwon Province. Wonsan has an aquatic product processing factory, shipyard, chemistry enterprise, a cement factory, as well as

1620-530: The Kalma area, located on the central east coast of Korea, will be turned into a tourist resort. The area boasts of four-kilometer-long beach resort, not far away from such scenic spots as Mt. Kumgang, Lake Sijung, Chongsokjong and Lagoon Samil and the Masikryong Ski Resort. It remained a priority project for the following years until 2020 when the further works on it were completely halted. Most of

1680-629: The Maritime Patrol Academy, the commissioned officer's training school of the Korean People's Navy. The city is home to Unp'asan Sports Club , an association football club that plays in the DPR Korea First Class Sports Group , North Korea's premier league. Wonsan has long been a popular tourism destination for both Koreans and international visitors. Attractions include Songdowon beach,

1740-632: The North Korean side up to the border, but no tracks are laid between Gangneung and the border in South Korea. In 1998, there were 15,500 tourists in November and December, in 1999 there were 148,000, and in 2000 213,000. In 2001 tourist numbers dropped to 58,000 amidst disagreements over the access over land. As of 2002, almost 500,000 had visited the Mount Kumgang Tourist Region. Tourist numbers then reached about 240,000

1800-564: The Russian Empire surveyed the area and found it highly desirable. Wonsan opened as a trade port in 1880. Its original name was Wonsanjin (元山津), but it was also known by the Russian name of Port Lazarev (Lazaref). Under Japanese rule (1910–45) it was called Gensan (元山). In 1914 the P'yongwon and Kyongwon railway lines were opened, connecting the city to P'yongyang (then known as Heijo) and Seoul (then Keijo or Kyongsong). Thus,

1860-405: The Sea of Japan, but was blocked with sand. It is now a beautiful Lake with an area of 2.94 sq. km and a circumference of 11.8 km, and is registered as a natural monument. There are 7 islands in the lake, and in particular, the bottom is covered with high-quality Gamthang, a traditional way of treatment from mud . There are sanatoriums and resting places for experiencing Gamthang. Lake Sijung has

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1920-674: The Wonsan Zone Development Corporation, has been established with feasibility studies for a wide variety of hotels and commercial and industrial development. Wonsan has also been known as Yonghunghang, Yuanshan in Chinese, Genzan or Gensan in Japanese, and Port Lazareva or Port Lazarev in Russian. Wonsan's area is 269 square kilometres (104 sq mi). It is located in Kangwon Province, on

1980-576: The administrative center of Kangwon Province. The City of Wonsan (Wonsan-si) is divided into 45 tong (neighborhoods) and 14 ri (villages): The city has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ). Evidence of humans living in the area during the Neolithic period and Bronze age was found in the Chungpyongdong (Now promoted to ri) area, where pottery was found. The area was called Eo eul mae (於乙買) and Chonjung county (泉井郡), when it

2040-593: The area are designated as natural monuments of North Korea. The southern part of the "Outer Kumgang" is also called "New Kumgang". There are 11 areas in Outer Kumgang, 8 in Inner Kumgang and 3 in Hae Kumgang, although not all have been opened. Since ancient times, the name Kumgang has been mainly used for the "Inner Kumgang" ( 내금강 ), which, located in the western part of the central pole, contains

2100-463: The camp include cooking, boating, football, various educational classes, camping, video games, and other sports. The camp's cost for international children is approximately $ 300 USD per week. It is a lake on the seaside on the Wonsan-Mt. Kumgang road. it is an ideal place to enjoy sea tours, lake tours, and therapeutic tours at the same time. Lake Sijung was originally a small lagoon on the shores of

2160-399: The city gradually developed into an eastern product distribution center. Under the Japanese occupation, the city was heavily industrialized and served as an important point in the distribution of trade between Korea and mainland Japan . After the Korean War broke out it was captured by American and South Korean troops on 10 October 1950 during their drive north. When they left ahead of

2220-463: The clear blue waves of the Sea of Japan, the white sandy field stretching far along the seashore, the thick pine forest along the sandy field, and the flowering dandelion flowers harmonize with each other, creating a reminiscent of a picture. Songdowon is organized as one large amusement park in an area of about 500 hectares which is divided into about 10 scenic areas such as the beach area, Jangdoksan sightseeing area, and pine forest area. Myongsasibri

2280-541: The eastern side of the Korean Peninsula, on the Sea of Japan and the provincial capital. The port was opened by Japanese forces in 1880. Before the 1950–1953 Korean War , it fell within the jurisdiction of the then South Hamgyong province , and during the war, it was the location of the Blockade of Wonsan . The population of the city was estimated at 329,207 in 2013. Notable people from Wonsan include Kim Ki-nam ,

2340-465: The extension from Changchon-dong to Kalma station was completed, while in 2021, a fully new line was opened, and trolleybuses started to run to Songdowon, from Changchon-dong. A tram line is also under construction, with the trams to be built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works . The trams will be narrow gauge vehicles. This was after Kim Jong Un stressed the need for a tram line at

2400-402: The intersection of the northern and southern plants. Starting in 1998, South Korean tourists were allowed to visit Mount Kumgang, initially travelling by cruise ship , and later more commonly by coach . In 2002, the area around the mountain was separated from Kangwŏn Province and organized as a separately-administered Tourist Region. The land route was opened in 2003. A rail link exists on

2460-572: The land north of Cheollyeong Pass ( 철령 ; 鐵嶺 ) to Yuan dynasty. The Yuan then established the Ssangseong prefecture to govern the northeast. At that time, Cho Hwi was nominated as the General Superintendent ( 총관 ; 摠管 ) and Tak Cheong was nominated as a chiliarch. Afterwards, the position of General Superintendent was inherited by Cho family. After Jo Hwi, the position was inherited by Cho Yanggi ( 조양기 ; 趙良琪 ) who

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2520-405: The main peak of Mount Kŭmgang. "Outer Kumgang" ( 외금강 ) is located to the east of the "Inner kumgang" and covers an area along the east coast. The Outer Kŭmgang area is noted for the large number of peaks. Chipson Peak (literally "rock of ten thousand forms") is known for its many waterfalls. It includes many mountain peaks including Moonjoo Peak, Ho Peak, Sangdeung Peak, etc. The "Sea Kŭmgang" area

2580-460: The mountain is covered by mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest and protected in a 60,000 ha national park . Some 25,000 ha has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports endangered red-crowned cranes . It belongs to the alpine region and has relatively high rainfall, with heavy rainfall in July and August. The East-West difference

2640-565: The port in Mount Kumgang, offering visitors the chance to stay in the resorts previously run by the south. Although they are aimed primarily at Chinese guests, western companies are also offering the tours. Various Korean artists have revered Kŭmgangsan as a subject for art and poetry since antiquity. Numerous poets and artists who lived during the Joseon period (1392–1910) made pilgrimages to Kŭmgangsan. Among other well-known works are

2700-480: The position of receiving the original interference. Ssangseong prefecture fell to Goryeo in 1356. Yu Inu ( 유인우 ; 柳仁雨 ) who was a vice-minister of councilors became an officer for northeast troop and was commanded to seize control of Ssangseong prefecture by King Gongmin of Goryeo . He was sent to the front together with general of battalion Kong Pubo ( 공부보 ; 貢夫甫 ), Kim Wonbŏng ( 김원봉 ; 金元鳳 ) and Yi Inim ( 이인임 ; 李仁任 ). Cho Ton ( 조돈 ; 趙暾 ),

2760-442: The resort area. The line was completed on November 24, 2020, though passenger service has not started due to the incomplete state of the rest of the resort. The city has the dual purpose military and civilian Wonsan Airport ( IATA : WON) equipped with 01/19 and 15/33 dual runways. Images from Google Earth from July and August 2014 indicated that major expansion was taking place, including the construction of two new runways. There

2820-726: The site of the Songdowon International Children's Union Camp, which maintains exceptionally clear and clean water. Pine trees are abundant in the surrounding area, and it has been designated a national sightseeing point. The nearby Kalma Peninsula is to feature a new hotel and a bathing area. Announced in 2014, the Wonsan Special Tourist Zone is to cover more than 400 square km and boasts 40 historical relics, 10 sand beaches, 680 tourist attractions, four mineral springs, and several bathing resorts and natural lakes. As part of this development,

2880-420: The staff in the hotels are Chinese citizens of Korean heritage with Korean language skills. There had been plans to expand the site but as of late 2022 there were reports based on satellite imagery that the resort's facilities, including a golf course and a floating hotel, were being dismantled pursuant to directives from leader Kim Jong Un . On the morning of July 11, 2008, a 53-year-old South-Korean tourist

2940-587: The suspension of the tour for a long period." In seizing the properties, North Korea also alluded to the Baengnyeong incident , showing displeasure with South Korea blaming North Korea for the sinking of the ship. Since April 2010, North Korea is now permitting companies to run tours from the North Korean side, making it appear increasingly unlikely that tours will be resumed from the South. However, on October 1, 2010, news reports said, " Red Cross officials from

3000-633: The two Koreas agreed Friday to hold reunions for families separated by the Korean War amid mixed signals from North Korea on easing tensions over the sinking of a South Korean warship. One hundred families from each country will attend the meetings from Oct. 30 to Nov. 5 at a hotel and reunion center at the North's scenic Diamond Mountain resort, Unification Ministry spokeswoman Lee Jong-joo said." As of September 2011, North Korea has begun operating cruises directly from Rason in north-eastern North Korea, to

3060-569: The uncle of General Superintendent Cho Sosaeng, and Yi Chach'un , the myriach of Hamju, sided with Goryeo and helped Goryeo take control of Ssangseong. General Superintendent Cho Sosaeng fled northwards and took shelter amongst the Jurchen. Wonsan Wonsan ( Korean pronunciation: [wʌn.san] ), previously known as Wonsanjin ( 元山津 ), is a port city and naval base located in Kangwon Province , North Korea , along

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3120-471: The unique natural scenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter. At 75 metres high, Ullim Falls is one of the most famous waterfalls in Korea. It is so called due to the sound of the waterfall that shakes the valley and travels far. The water of the fall originates in the Masikryong Mountains and 20-25 cubic metres of water falls down per second in the middle of a steep cliff. Below the falls

3180-414: The victim's and South Korea's. Due to the shooting, South Korea temporarily suspended all trips to Mount Kumgang. In March 2010, the DPRK government warned of "extraordinary measures" if the tourism ban were not lifted. On April 23, 2010, the North Korean government seized 5 properties owned by South Korea at the resort, saying that it was done "in compensation for the damage the North side suffered due to

3240-407: The war's end, the city was a vast shell. Kim Jong Un announced in 2015 plans for a $ 582 million redevelopment of the city center, which is to be entirely demolished and rebuilt. A 5-star hotel, a 17-story Wonsan International Finance Centre, and a $ 9.6m exhibition hall are expected to be built. Kim Jong Un maintains a private compound in Wonsan that includes a palace with several guest houses,

3300-408: The westernmost part of the Sea of Japan and the east end of the Korean peninsula's neck. Mt. Changdok (Changdok-san) and Mt. Nap'al (Nap'al-san) are located to the west of the city. More than 20 small islands flank Wonsan's immediate coastal area, including Hwangt'o Island and Ryo Island. Wonsan is considered an excellent natural port location. Mount Kŭmgang is located near Wonsan. Wonsan serves as

3360-553: The work on it is done and it is expected that it would be completed and will be opened for tourists after the country reopens its borders for tourism again. At night, the city is bright and well lit at par with Pyongyang. The district of Wonsan-si is served by several stations on the Kangwon Line of the Korean State Railway , including a branch to the port ; it is also connected to the national road network, and

3420-647: Was canceled in 2006 when Japan banned North Korean ships. Wonsan has at least one provincial newspaper. The Korean Central Broadcasting Station maintains a 250-kilowatt mediumwave transmitter broadcasting on 882 kHz AM. Wonsan is home to Songdowon University, Kŭmgang University, Tonghae University, the Jong Jun Thaek University of Economics, Wonsan University of Medicine, the Jo Gun Sil University of Engineering, Wonsan First University of Education, Ri Su Dok University, and

3480-417: Was shot and killed while walking on the resort's beach. Park Wang-ja entered a military area by crossing over a sand dune and was shot twice by North Korean soldiers. North Korea claimed that sentries had no choice but to shoot her because, despite their order to stop, she fled. South Korea demanded an on-the-spot survey, but North Korea declined it, claiming all the facts were clear and all responsibilities were

3540-569: Was the son of Cho Hwi, Cho Rim ( 조림 ; 趙琳 ), grandchild of Cho Hwi and Cho Sosaeng ( 조소생 ; 趙小生 ) who was a great-grandchild of Cho Hwi. The position of chiliarch was also inherited by T'ak family. On the other hand, Ch'oe Tan who made a rebellion in 1269, devoted 54 castles including Seogyeong and 6 castles including Seohae province to Yuan dynasty. Yuan dynasty renamed Seogyeong as Dongnyeong Prefecture and incorporated to their own territory. This decision has made regardless of Yuan dynasty's invasion. After that, Goryeo came to fall to

3600-494: Was under the rule of Goguryeo , and became Jungchon county (井泉郡) after it incorporated into the kingdom of Silla in 681. After Taejo of Goryeo conquered the region, the region was renamed as yongju (湧州) where it was ruled by a special defense administrator. The area was renamed again as Uiju (宜州), and a fortress was constructed in 1108. From 1258 to 1356, it was part of the Ssangseong Prefectures . In 1854,

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