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In nonstandard analysis , the standard part function is a function from the limited (finite) hyperreal numbers to the real numbers. Briefly, the standard part function "rounds off" a finite hyperreal to the nearest real. It associates to every such hyperreal x {\displaystyle x} , the unique real x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} infinitely close to it, i.e. x − x 0 {\displaystyle x-x_{0}} is infinitesimal . As such, it is a mathematical implementation of the historical concept of adequality introduced by Pierre de Fermat , as well as Leibniz 's Transcendental law of homogeneity .

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21-491: (Redirected from St ) [REDACTED] Look up ST , St , st , .st , or s.t. in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ST , St , or St. may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Stanza , in poetry Suicidal Tendencies , an American heavy metal/hardcore punk band Star Trek , a science-fiction media franchise Summa Theologica ,

42-472: A Dedekind cut on the subset R ⊆ ∗ R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \subseteq {}^{*}\mathbb {R} } (via the total order on ∗ R {\displaystyle {}^{\ast }\mathbb {R} } ) and the corresponding real number is the standard part of u . The standard part function "st" is not defined by an internal set . There are several ways of explaining this. Perhaps

63-594: A compendium of Catholic philosophy and theology by St. Thomas Aquinas St or St., abbreviation of "State", especially in the name of a college or university Businesses and organizations [ edit ] Transportation [ edit ] Germania (airline) (IATA airline designator ST) Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation , abbreviated as State Transport Sound Transit , Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority, Washington state, US Springfield Terminal Railway (Vermont) (railroad reporting mark ST) Suffolk County Transit , or Suffolk Transit,

84-505: A state of Germany Split, Croatia (vehicle plate code ST) Stoke-on-Trent postcode area , United Kingdom St or St., abbreviation of Saint St or St., abbreviation of Street St or St., abbreviation of Strait Language and typography [ edit ] Sesotho language (ISO 639-1 language code "st") ſt, or st, a typographic ligature Standard Theory in generative grammar Science and technology [ edit ] Computing [ edit ] ST connector ,

105-472: A steam tug Sine tempore (s.t.), Latin term indicating that a lecture will begin at the exact time; see Academic quarter (class timing) Striker (association football) , a position in association football ST, a type of London bus ST, a court-ordered pseudonym used during a British court case; see Sudiksha Thirumalesh case See also [ edit ] STST (disambiguation) STFC (disambiguation) for uses of ST F.C. Topics referred to by

126-481: A term used in non-standard analysis Physics [ edit ] Stanton number St, used in physics Strouhal number St, used in fluid mechanics String theory Units of measurement [ edit ] Stokes (unit) (St), a CGS unit of kinematic viscosity Stone (weight) (st.), a unit of mass used in the British Isles and other countries Medicine [ edit ] ST segment ,

147-636: A type of optical fiber connector Atari ST , a personal computer Prefix of hard disk drives made by Seagate Technology , e.g. ST-506 Internet Stream Protocol , an experimental Internet protocol Structured text , a high-level programming language that syntactically resembles Pascal and is designed for programmable logic controllers (PLC) .st , the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for São Tomé and Príncipe St (terminal emulator) , minimalist terminal emulator by suckless.org Mathematics [ edit ] Standard part function ,

168-527: Is an infinite hypernatural , then 1/ N is infinitesimal, and st(1/ N ) = 0. If a hyperreal u {\displaystyle u} is represented by a Cauchy sequence ⟨ u n : n ∈ N ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle u_{n}:n\in \mathbb {N} \rangle } in the ultrapower construction, then More generally, each finite u ∈ ∗ R {\displaystyle u\in {}^{*}\mathbb {R} } defines

189-411: Is defined by lim n → ∞ u n = st ⁡ ( u H ) {\textstyle \lim _{n\to \infty }u_{n}=\operatorname {st} (u_{H})} where H ∈ ∗ N ∖ N {\displaystyle H\in {}^{*}\mathbb {N} \setminus \mathbb {N} } is an infinite index. Here

210-471: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages ST">ST The requested page title contains unsupported characters : ">". Return to Main Page . Standard part function The standard part function was first defined by Abraham Robinson who used the notation ∘ x {\displaystyle {}^{\circ }x} for

231-403: Is not internal; in fact every internal set in ∗ R {\displaystyle {}^{*}\mathbb {R} } that is a subset of R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } is necessarily finite . All the traditional notions of calculus can be expressed in terms of the standard part function, as follows. The standard part function is used to define

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252-445: The bus system serving Suffolk County, New York Other businesses and organizations [ edit ] Statstjänstemannaförbundet , or Swedish Union of Civil Servants, a trade union STMicroelectronics , a worldwide manufacturer of semiconductors Geography [ edit ] São Tomé and Príncipe (ISO 3166-1 country code ST) .st , Internet country code top-level domain for São Tomé and Príncipe Saxony-Anhalt ,

273-527: The derivative of a function f . If f is a real function, and h is infinitesimal, and if f ′( x ) exists, then Alternatively, if y = f ( x ) {\displaystyle y=f(x)} , one takes an infinitesimal increment Δ x {\displaystyle \Delta x} , and computes the corresponding Δ y = f ( x + Δ x ) − f ( x ) {\displaystyle \Delta y=f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)} . One forms

294-411: The pair R ⊆ ∗ R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \subseteq {}^{*}\mathbb {R} } , where the hyperreals ∗ R {\displaystyle {}^{*}\mathbb {R} } are an ordered field extension of the reals R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } , and contain infinitesimals, in addition to

315-666: The part of an electrocardiogram connecting the QRS complex and the T wave Sulfotransferase , enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group Heat-stable enterotoxin , secretory peptides produced by some bacterial strains, such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Other uses [ edit ] -st, a suffix for an ordinal number , such as 1 or 21 Saint (St or St.), especially in Christianity Scheduled Tribes , in India Ship prefix for

336-485: The ratio Δ y Δ x {\textstyle {\frac {\Delta y}{\Delta x}}} . The derivative is then defined as the standard part of the ratio: Given a function f {\displaystyle f} on [ a , b ] {\displaystyle [a,b]} , one defines the integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\textstyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx} as

357-403: The reals. In the hyperreal line every real number has a collection of numbers (called a monad , or halo ) of hyperreals infinitely close to it. The standard part function associates to a finite hyperreal x , the unique standard real number x 0 that is infinitely close to it. The relationship is expressed symbolically by writing The standard part of any infinitesimal is 0. Thus if N

378-401: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ST . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ST&oldid=1237068603 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

399-472: The simplest is that its domain L, which is the collection of limited (i.e. finite) hyperreals, is not an internal set. Namely, since L is bounded (by any infinite hypernatural, for instance), L would have to have a least upper bound if L were internal, but L doesn't have a least upper bound. Alternatively, the range of "st" is R ⊆ ∗ R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \subseteq {}^{*}\mathbb {R} } , which

420-451: The standard part of a hyperreal x {\displaystyle x} (see Robinson 1974). This concept plays a key role in defining the concepts of the calculus, such as continuity, the derivative, and the integral, in nonstandard analysis . The latter theory is a rigorous formalization of calculations with infinitesimals . The standard part of x is sometimes referred to as its shadow . Nonstandard analysis deals primarily with

441-447: The standard part of an infinite Riemann sum S ( f , a , b , Δ x ) {\displaystyle S(f,a,b,\Delta x)} when the value of Δ x {\displaystyle \Delta x} is taken to be infinitesimal, exploiting a hyperfinite partition of the interval [ a , b ]. Given a sequence ( u n ) {\displaystyle (u_{n})} , its limit

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