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27-651: It includes a large part of the Elbe-Weser Triangle between the cities of Hamburg , Bremen and Cuxhaven and is bordered by the natural regions of the Elbe Marsch , Weser Marsch , Weser-Aller Plain and Lüneburg Heath . It is number D27 in the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation's list of natural regions of Germany . The region known as the Stade Geest belongs administratively to

54-409: A glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely-divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour . Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines are those formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of

81-417: A long moraine bank marking the ice margin. Several processes may combine to form and rework a single moraine, and most moraines record a continuum of processes. Reworking of moraines may lead to the formation of placer deposits of gold as is the case of southernmost Chile . Moraines can be classified either by origin, location with respect to a glacier or former glacier, or by shape. The first approach

108-428: A terminal moraine. They form perpendicular to the lateral moraines that they reside between and are composed of unconsolidated debris deposited by the glacier. They are created during temporary halts in a glacier's retreat. In permafrost areas an advancing glacier may push up thick layers of frozen sediments at its front. An arctic push moraine will then be formed. A medial moraine is a ridge of moraine that runs down

135-450: Is suitable for moraines associated with contemporary glaciers—but more difficult to apply to old moraines , which are defined by their particular morphology, since their origin is debated. Some moraine types are known only from ancient glaciers, while medial moraines of valley glaciers are poorly preserved and difficult to distinguish after the retreat or melting of the glacier. Lateral moraines are parallel ridges of debris deposited along

162-556: Is the Wingst , up to 74 metres (243 ft) high. The basis of the terrain is largely formed from the moraines and meltwater deposits of the Saalian glaciation , the penultimate glaciation period of the pleistocene era. These have created the sand ridges of the geest with their typical glacial erratic boulders of granite and gneiss. The end moraines of the last ice age ( Weichselian ice age ) did not reach this area. The contours of

189-526: The Elbe–Weser triangle ( German : Elbe-Weser-Dreieck ; Northern Low Saxon : Elv-Werser-Dreeeck ), also rendered Elbe-Weser Triangle , in northern Germany . It is also colloquially referred to as the Nasses Dreieck or "wet triangle". The Elbe–Weser triangle is a geographical region and, historically and politically, corresponds roughly to the former territory of Bremen-Verden and formed

216-2203: The Elbe–Weser shipping channel . Achim , Anderlingen , Agathenburg , Ahlerstedt , Alfstedt , Apensen , Appeln , Armstorf , Aschwarden , Axstedt , Bad Bederkesa , Bargstedt , Basdahl , Beckdorf , Belum , Beverstedt , Bliedersdorf , Bokel , Bothel , Bramstedt , Breddorf , Bremen-Borgfeld , Bremen-Blumenthal , Bremen-Burglesum , Bremen-Nord , Bremen-Vegesack , Bremerhaven , Bremervörde , Brest , Bülkau , Bülstedt , Buxtehude , Cadenberge , Cappel , Cuxhaven , Deinste , Deinstedt , Dollern , Dorum , Drangstedt , Driftsethe , Drochtersen , Düdenbüttel , Ebersdorf , Elmlohe , Elsdorf , Engelschoff , Farven , Fintel , Fischerhude , Flögeln , Fredenbeck , Frelsdorf , Garlstedt , Geversdorf , Geestenseth , Gnarrenburg , Grasberg , Großenwörden , Grünendeich , Guderhandviertel , Gyhum , Hagen , Hambergen , Harsefeld , Harriersand , Hammah , Hechthausen , Heilshorn , Hemmoor , Heerstedt , Hepstedt , Heeslingen , Himmelpforten , Hipstedt , Hollern-Twielenfleth , Hollen , Hollnseth , Holste , Horneburg , Ihlienworth , Jork , Kirchtimke , Kirchwistedt , Köhlen , Kuhstedt , Kutenholz , Lamstedt , Langen , Langwedel , Lauenbrück , Lilienthal , Lintig , Lübberstedt , Loxstedt , Lunestedt , Midlum , Mittelnkirchen , Mittelstenahe , Mulsum , Nordholz , Neuhaus (Oste) , Neuenkirchen , Nordleda , Nottensdorf , Oberndorf , Odisheim , Oerel , Ohlenstedt , Osterbruch , Osterholz-Scharmbeck , Ostereistedt , Osten , Otterndorf , Ottersberg , Oyten , Padingbüttel , Rade , Rhade , Ringstedt , Ritterhude , Sandbostel , Sandstedt , Sauensiek , Scharmbeckstotel , Schiffdorf , Schwanewede , Seedorf , Sellstedt , Selsingen , Sottrum , Spaden , Stade , Steinau , Steinkirchen , Stinstedt , Stotel , Stubben , Tarmstedt , Uthlede , Vorwerk , Vollersode , Wanna , Wehdel , Westertimke , Wilstedt , Wingst , Worpswede , Wremen , Wulsbüttel , Zeven . In

243-725: The Hamme-Oste Depression , and the Achim-Verden Geest , that is separated from the other two by the Wümme Depression . 53°23′21″N 9°08′54″E  /  53.3893°N 9.1483°E  / 53.3893; 9.1483 This Lower Saxony location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Elbe-Weser Triangle The region between the Elbe and Weser rivers (the triangle of Bremen , Hamburg , and Cuxhaven ) forms

270-677: The Teufelsmoor or the Altes Land and raised bogs , like the Ahlenmoor , Langes Moor , Hymenmoor and Königsmoor , with peat layers of two to six metres. Typical of the scenery are broad ridges of geest, often covered with pine or mixed woods, heathland and natural rivers such as the Oste , Geeste , Lower Elbe , Lune , Hamme or the Wümme . In the northern part of the area the only ridge

297-879: The Weser-Aller Line from Rotenburg via Verden to Minden, the Lower Elbe Railway from Hamburg to Cuxhaven and the Bremerhaven–Cuxhaven , Bremerhaven–Buxtehude (–Hamburg), Bremerhaven–Bremen and Bremen–Verden–Hanover railways. There are sea ports in Bremerhaven, Bremen, Cuxhaven and Bützfleth . Inland shipping is able to use the rivers Aller, Oste and several canals; the Weser and Elbe can also be used by sea-going vessels. Regional airports and airfields are located at Bremerhaven-Luneort, Nordholz , Rotenburg-Luhne and Hellwege . Canals include

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324-582: The Triangle, with its geest, moorland and bogs, there are large numbers of monuments and reminders of prehistoric and early historic and more recent historic times. These include: 53°50′N 8°24′E  /  53.833°N 8.400°E  / 53.833; 8.400 Moraine A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris ( regolith and rock ), sometimes referred to as glacial till , that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by

351-603: The center of a valley floor. It forms when two glaciers meet and the debris on the edges of the adjacent valley sides join and are carried on top of the enlarged glacier. As the glacier melts or retreats, the debris is deposited and a ridge down the middle of the valley floor is created. The Kaskawulsh Glacier in the Kluane National Park , Yukon , has a ridge of medial moraine 1 km wide. Supraglacial moraines are created by debris accumulated on top of glacial ice. This debris can accumulate due to ice flow toward

378-612: The districts of Osterholz , Verden , Cuxhaven , Rotenburg (Wümme) and Stade , which used to be within the former province of Stade ( Regierungsbezirk Stade ). Small parts of the Geest also belong to the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven The Stade Geest is further subdivided into the morainic areas of young drift ( Jungmoränen ) left by the Vistula glaciation : the Wesermünde Geest and Zeven Geest , which are separated by

405-511: The glacier has melted. Moraines may form through a number of processes, depending on the characteristics of sediment, the dynamics on the ice, and the location on the glacier in which the moraine is formed. Moraine forming processes may be loosely divided into passive and active . Passive processes involve the placing of chaotic supraglacial sediments onto the landscape with limited reworking, typically forming hummocky moraines. These moraines are composed of supraglacial sediments from

432-428: The glacier margin (up to 80 degrees) than further away (where slopes are typically 29 to 36 degrees. Ground moraines are till-covered areas with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains, with relief of less than 10 meters (33 ft). Ground moraine is accumulated at the base of the ice as lodgment till with a thin and discontinuous upper layer of supraglacial till deposited as

459-544: The glacier retreats. It typically is found in the areas between end moraines. Rogen moraines or ribbed moraines are a type of basal moraines that form a series of ribs perpendicular to the ice flow in an ice sheet . The depressions between the ribs are sometimes filled with water, making the Rogen moraines look like tigerstripes on aerial photographs . Rogen moraines are named after Lake Rogen in Härjedalen , Sweden ,

486-578: The glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines ( till -covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography ) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet). The word moraine is borrowed from French moraine [mɔ.ʁɛn] , which in turn is derived from the Savoyard Italian morena ('mound of earth'). Morena in this case was derived from Provençal morre ('snout'), itself from Vulgar Latin * murrum ('rounded object'). The term

513-415: The ice surface. Active processes form or rework moraine sediment directly by the movement of ice, known as glaciotectonism. These form push moraines and thrust-block moraines, which are often composed of till and reworked proglacial sediment. Moraine may also form by the accumulation of sand and gravel deposits from glacial streams emanating from the ice margin. These fan deposits may coalesce to form

540-642: The land are much softer and flatter than, e.g. in the Holstein Switzerland . The Elbe–Weser triangle is served by 3 motorways: the A 1 ( Bremen – Hamburg ), A 26 ( Stade – Horneburg ) and A 27 ( Walsrode − Verden (Aller) – Bremen – Bremerhaven – Cuxhaven ). In addition there is a dense network of federal roads , the Bundesstraßen . There are various railway links such as the Rollbahn main line from Bremen via Rotenburg (Wümme) to Hamburg,

567-503: The landform's type locality. Closely related to Rogen moraines, de Geer moraines are till ridges up to 5m high and 10–50m wide running perpendicular to the ice flow. They occur in large groups in low-lying areas. Named for Gerard De Geer , who first described them in 1889, these moraines may have developed from crevasses underneath the ice sheet. The Kvarken has a very high density of de Geer moraines. End moraines, or terminal moraines , are ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at

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594-628: The major part of the former Stade Region . Today the Elbe–Weser triangle belongs to Lower Saxony outside the borders of the Hanseatic cities . The Stade Regional Association ( Landschaftsverband Stade ) operates within the Elbe–Weser triangle as a regional cultural organisation. The terrain is largely flat and comprises mudflats , marsh , bog and geest , mainly the Stade Geest . Other areas are characterised by partially dried out bog, such as

621-411: The moraine. There are two types of end moraines: terminal and recessional. Terminal moraines mark the maximum advance of the glacier. Recessional moraines are small ridges left as a glacier pauses during its retreat. After a glacier retreats, the end moraine may be destroyed by postglacial erosion. Recessional moraines are often observed as a series of transverse ridges running across a valley behind

648-454: The sides of a glacier. The unconsolidated debris can be deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls or from tributary streams flowing into the valley, or may be subglacial debris carried to the surface of the glacier, melted out, and transported to the glacier margin. Lateral moraines can rise up to 140 meters (460 ft) over the valley floor, can be up to 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) long, and are steeper close to

675-427: The snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus . Glaciers act much like a conveyor belt, carrying debris from the top of the glacier to the bottom where it deposits it in end moraines. End moraine size and shape are determined by whether the glacier is advancing, receding or at equilibrium. The longer the terminus of the glacier stays in one place, the more debris accumulate in

702-419: The surface in the ablation zone , melting of surface ice or from debris that falls onto the glacier from valley sidewalls. Washboard moraines , also known as minor or corrugated moraines , are low-amplitude geomorphic features caused by glaciers. They consist of low-relief ridges, 1 to 2 meters (3 ft 3 in to 6 ft 7 in) in height and around 100 meters (330 ft) apart, accumulated at

729-467: Was introduced into geology by Horace Bénédict de Saussure in 1779. Moraines are landforms composed of glacial till deposited primarily by glacial ice. Glacial till, in turn, is unstratified and unsorted debris ranging in size from silt -sized glacial flour to large boulders. The individual rock fragments are typically sub-angular to rounded in shape. Moraines may be found on the glacier's surface or deposited as piles or sheets of debris where

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