Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit , mostly from wild fisheries . It provides a large quantity of food to many countries around the world, but those who practice it as an industry must often pursue fish far into the ocean under adverse conditions. Large-scale commercial fishing is called industrial fishing .
62-515: StarKist Tuna is a brand of tuna produced by StarKist Co., an American company formerly based in Pittsburgh 's North Shore that is now wholly owned by Dongwon Industries of South Korea . It was purchased by Dongwon from the American food manufacturer Del Monte Foods on June 24, 2008, for slightly more than $ 300 million. In 2021, the headquarters were moved to Reston, Virginia . StarKist
124-674: A calque (loan translation) from the German Thunfisch . Canned tuna is sometimes used as food for pets, especially cats . Canned tuna was first produced in Australia in 1903 and quickly became popular. In the early 1980s canned tuna in Australia was most likely southern bluefin , as of 2003 it was usually yellowfin, skipjack , or tongol (labelled "northern bluefin" or "longtail"). Australian standards once required cans of tuna to contain at least 51% tuna, but those regulations were dropped in 2003. The remaining weight
186-471: A captain that fully understood how to use the safety equipment. The oceans cover nearly two thirds of the Earth's surface, and are continuously threatened by human behaviors and practices. By taking so many fish from the seas, humans have managed to remove entire links from the marine food chain . This causes a chain effect, leading to an overall upset of the delicate ecological balance. Sharks are one of
248-403: A crew member is caught in a line and pulled into a winch on deck. The installation of a readily accessible emergency stop switch on the winch can potentially prevent these kinds of injuries. Injury data collection systems have begun tracking fishing-related injuries (fatal and non-fatal), using publicly available reports such as news media. The U.S. Coast Guard has primary jurisdiction over
310-678: A different record was set when a fisherman in Massachusetts caught an 881 lb (400 kg) tuna. It was captured inadvertently using a dragnet. Due to the laws and restrictions on tuna fishing in the United States, federal authorities impounded the fish because it was not caught with a rod and reel. Because of the tuna's deteriorated condition as a result of the trawl net, the fish sold for just under $ 5,000. Besides for edible purposes, many tuna species are caught frequently as game, often for recreation or for contests in which money
372-476: A large profit. Many people working in commercial fishing are self-employed, with some or all of their pay dependent on the proceeds from the sale of the fish caught. In the UK, the technical term for this is share fisherman, which refers to anyone working without an employment contract, on a boat crewed by more than one person, and relying for their livelihood at least partly on a share of the profits or gross sales of
434-413: A majority of fatal vessel disasters. The most frequent cause of death is falls overboard . Falling overboard specifically killed 182 fishermen in the period between 2000 and 2010. This fatality rate is 3 times that of the next most dangerous job in the U.S. and more than 25 times that of the national average across all workers. Most falls overboard went unwitnessed, and in none of the cases documented
496-465: A relatively narrow range. Tunas achieve endothermy by conserving the heat generated through normal metabolism . In all tunas, the heart operates at ambient temperature , as it receives cooled blood, and coronary circulation is directly from the gills . The rete mirabile ("wonderful net"), the intertwining of veins and arteries in the body's periphery, allows nearly all of the metabolic heat from venous blood to be "re-claimed" and transferred to
558-888: A result of a combination of severe weather conditions, extreme fatigue because any one fisherman usually puts in a 21-hour shift, and dangerous equipment. Commercial fishing has been identified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues. Common causes of fishing-related deaths include vessel disasters, falls overboard, and onboard injuries. Between 2000 and 2010, most vessel disasters often were initiated by flooding, vessel instability, and large waves, and that severe weather conditions contributed to
620-485: A single fish – the current record is 333.6 million japanese yen (US$ 3.1 million) for a 278 kg (613 lb) bluefin, or a unit price of JP¥ 1,200,000/kg (US$ 5,057/lb). The opening auction price for 2014 plummeted to less than 5% of the previous year's price, which had drawn complaints for climbing "way out of line". A summary of record-setting auctions are shown in the following table (highlighted values indicate new world records): In November 2011,
682-463: A variety of other gears the remainder. The Australian government alleged in 2006 that Japan had illegally overfished southern bluefin by taking 12,000 to 20,000 tonnes per year instead of the agreed upon 6,000 tonnes; the value of such overfishing would be as much as US$ 2 billion. Such overfishing has severely damaged bluefin stocks. According to the WWF , "Japan's huge appetite for tuna will take
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#1732787470893744-682: A western Pacific-wide ban on tuna purse-seining in the vicinity of marine mammals – a measure which was agreed by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission at its eighth meeting in March 2012. Dolphins swim beside several tuna species. These include yellowfin tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean, but not albacore . Tuna schools are believed to associate themselves with dolphins for protection against sharks, which are tuna predators . Commercial fishing vessels used to exploit this association by searching for dolphin pods. Vessels would encircle
806-412: A worldwide catch of well over a million tonnes in 1999, with herring and sardines together providing a catch of over 22 million metric tons in 1999. Many other species are fished in smaller numbers. In 2016, of the 171 million tonnes of fish caught, about 88 percent or over 151 million tonnes were utilized for direct human consumption. This share has increased significantly in recent decades, as it
868-426: Is a monophyletic clade comprising 15 species in five genera : The cladogram is a tool for visualizing and comparing the evolutionary relationships between taxa , and is read left-to-right as if on a timeline. The following cladogram illustrates the relationship between the tunas and other tribes of the family Scombridae. For example, the cladogram illustrates that the skipjack tunas are more closely related to
930-579: Is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini , a subgrouping of the Scombridae ( mackerel ) family. The Thunnini comprise 17 species across five genera , the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: 50 cm or 1.6 ft, weight: 1.8 kg or 4 lb) up to the Atlantic bluefin tuna (max length: 4.6 m or 15 ft, weight: 684 kg or 1,508 lb), which averages 2 m (6.6 ft) and
992-455: Is a sleek, elongated and streamlined fish, adapted for speed. It has two closely spaced but separated dorsal fins on its back; The first fin is "depressible" – it can be laid down, flush, in a groove that runs along its back; it is supported by spines. Seven to ten yellow finlets run from the dorsal fins to the tail, which is lunate – curved like a crescent moon – and tapered to pointy tips. A tuna's pelvic fins are located below
1054-569: Is an important commercial fish . The International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) compiled a detailed scientific report on the state of global tuna stocks in 2009, which includes regular updates. According to the ISSF, the most important species for commercial and recreational tuna fisheries are yellowfin ( Thunnus albacares ), bigeye ( T. obesus ), bluefin ( T. thynnus , T. orientalis , and T. macoyii ), albacore ( T. alalunga ), and skipjack ( Katsuwonus pelamis ). Based on catches from 2007,
1116-816: Is awarded based on weight. Larger specimens are notorious for putting up a fight while hooked, and have been known to injure people who try to catch them, as well as damage their equipment. In 2005, Nauru , defending its vote from Australian criticism at that year's meeting of the International Whaling Commission , argued that some whale species have the potential to devastate Nauru's tuna stocks, and that Nauru's food security and economy relies heavily on fishing. Despite this, Nauru does not permit whaling in its own waters and does not allow other fishing vessels to take or intentionally interact with marine mammals in its Exclusive Economic Zone. In 2010 and 2011, Nauru supported Australian proposals for
1178-504: Is believed to live up to 50 years. Tuna, opah , and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water . An active and agile predator , the tuna has a sleek, streamlined body, and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish – the yellowfin tuna , for example, is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph). Greatly inflated speeds can be found in early scientific reports and are still widely reported in
1240-519: Is derived from Ancient Greek : θύννος , romanized : thýnnos used for the Atlantic bluefin tuna , that name in turn is ultimately derived from θύνω thýnō , meaning "to rush, dart along". In English, tuna has been referred to as Chicken of the Sea . This name persists today in Japan, where tuna as a food can be called シーチキン ( shi-chikin ) , literally "sea chicken". The Thunnini tribe
1302-664: Is shipped, being prepared in a variety of ways. When served as a steak , the meat of most species is known for its thickness and tough texture. In the U.K., supermarkets began flying in fresh tuna steaks in the late 1990s, which helped to increase the popularity of using fresh tuna in cooking; by 2009, celebrity chefs regularly featured fresh tuna in salads, wraps, and char-grilled dishes. Various species of tuna are often served raw in Japanese cuisine as sushi or sashimi . Commercial sashimi tuna may have their coloration fixated by pumping carbon monoxide (CO) into bags containing
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#17327874708931364-572: Is specifically designed and updated to avoid catching certain species of animal that is unwanted or endangered. Billions of dollars are spent each year in researching/developing new techniques to reduce the injury and even death of unwanted marine animals caught by the fishermen. In fact, there was a study taken in 2000 on different deterrents and how effective they are at deterring the target species. The study showed that most auditory deterrents helped prevent whales from being caught while more physical barriers helped prevent birds from getting tangled within
1426-513: Is the contraction of Kinki University in Japanese (Kinki daigaku). In 2009, Clean Seas, an Australian company which has been receiving assistance from Kinki University managed to breed southern bluefin tuna in captivity and was awarded the second place in World's Best Invention of 2009 by Time magazine. The fresh or frozen flesh of tuna is widely regarded as a delicacy in most areas where it
1488-512: Is usually oil or water. The product became more plentiful in the United States in the late 1940s. In 1950, 8,500,000 pounds of canned tuna were produced, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture classified it as a "plentiful food". In the United States, 52% of canned tuna is used for sandwiches ; 22% for tuna salads ; and 15% for tuna casseroles and dried, prepackaged meal kits , such as General Mills 's Tuna Helper line. Other canned tuna dishes include tuna melts (a type of sandwich where
1550-670: The Pacific Ocean , 22 percent from the Indian Ocean , and the remaining 10 percent from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea . Skipjack makes up about 60 percent of the catch, followed by yellowfin (24 percent), bigeye (10 percent), albacore (5 percent), and bluefin the remainder. Purse-seines take about 62 percent of the world production, longline about 14 percent, pole and line about 11 percent, and
1612-472: The arterial blood via a counter-current exchange system, thus mitigating the effects of surface cooling. This allows the tuna to elevate the temperatures of the highly- aerobic tissues of the skeletal muscles, eyes and brain, which supports faster swimming speeds and reduced energy expenditure, and which enables them to survive in cooler waters over a wider range of ocean environments than those of other fish. Also unlike most fish, which have white flesh,
1674-752: The true tunas than are the slender tunas (the most primitive of the tunas), and that the next nearest relatives of the tunas are the bonitos of the tribe Sardini. Butterfly kingfishes (one genus) Mackerels (two genera) [REDACTED] Spanish mackerels (three genera) [REDACTED] Bonitos (four genera) [REDACTED] Allothunnus , slender tunas Auxis , frigate tunas [REDACTED] Euthynnus , little tunas [REDACTED] Katsuwonus , skipjack tunas [REDACTED] bluefin group [REDACTED] yellowfin group [REDACTED] The "true" tunas are those that belong to
1736-475: The Sea to fix prices. On October 18, 2018, StarKist agreed to plead guilty to a felony price fixing charge as part of a broad collusion investigation of the canned tuna industry by the United States Department of Justice . On September 11, 2019, StarKist was fined $ 100 million, the maximum statutory fine. In September 2019, the plaintiffs who had signed up for the class-action lawsuit that
1798-409: The United States, according to an economic report released by NOAA's Fisheries Service. Commercial fishing may offer an abundance of jobs, but the pay varies from boat to boat, season to season. Crab fisherman Cade Smith was quoted in an article by Business Week as saying, "There was always a top boat where the crew members raked in $ 50,000 during the three- to five-day king crab season—or $ 100,000 for
1860-513: The base of the pectoral fins. Both dorsal and pelvic fins retract when the fish is swimming fast. The tuna's body is countershaded to camouflage itself in deeper water when seen from above, its dorsal side is generally a metallic dark blue while the ventral or under side is silvery, often with an iridescent shine. The caudal peduncle , to which the tail is attached, is quite thin, with three stabilizing horizontal keels on each side. Thunnus are widely but sparsely distributed throughout
1922-663: The business. The company changed its name to Starkist Foods in 1953; at the time, its facility on Terminal Island was the largest tuna processing facility in the world. Since 1961 its mascot has been Charlie the Tuna , an anthropomorphic cartoon tuna . Commercials usually featured the phrase "Sorry, Charlie". StarKist was acquired by the H.J. Heinz Company in 1963. In 1984, the Terminal Island cannery operations were shut down. In 1988, Heinz spun off its pet food brands (including its flagship 9Lives cat food brand, which
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1984-418: The filthy environment. These can infect wild fish that swim near the enclosure, or whole colonies of fish if an infected farm fish escapes the enclosure. Overfishing occurs because fish are captured at a faster rate than they can reproduce. Both advanced fishing technologies and increased demand for fish have resulted in overfishing. The Food and Agricultural Organization has reported that "about 25 percent of
2046-414: The first U.S. offshore farming of bigeye tuna in water 1,300 feet (400 m) deep in 2009. Japan is the biggest tuna consuming nation and is also the leader in tuna farming research. Japan first successfully farm-hatched and raised bluefin tuna in 1979. In 2002, it succeeded in completing the reproduction cycle and in 2007, completed a third generation. The farm breed is known as Kindai tuna. Kindai
2108-430: The fishing boat's catch. Commercial fishing uses many different methods to effectively catch a large variety of species including the use of pole and line, trolling with multiple lines, trawling with large nets such as seine-netting, and traps or pots . Sustainability of fisheries is improved by using specific equipment that eliminates or minimizes catching non-targeted species. Fishing methods vary according to
2170-500: The food chain dynamics. Bycatch is the industry term for what they consider "unwanted or economically-worthless aquatic animals who are unintentionally caught using destructively indiscriminate fishing methods like longlines and driftnets , which generally target marketable marine creatures such as tuna and swordfish " There are also billions of other animals that are killed in this manner every year such as: sea turtles , marine mammals , and sea birds . Between 1990 and 2008, it
2232-592: The genus Thunnus . Until recently, it was thought that there were seven Thunnus species, and that Atlantic bluefin tuna and Pacific bluefin tuna were subspecies of a single species. In 1999, Collette established that based on both molecular and morphological considerations, they are in fact distinct species. The genus Thunnus is further classified into two subgenera : Thunnus ( Thunnus ) (the bluefin group), and Thunnus ( Neothunnus ) (the yellowfin group). The Thunnini tribe also includes seven additional species of tuna across four genera. They are: The tuna
2294-428: The longer snow crab season". That may be true, but there are also the boats who do not do well; Smith said later in the same article that his worst season left him with a loss of 500 dollars. The industry has had to adapt through the years in order to keep earning a profit. A study taken on some small family-owned commercial fishing companies showed that they adapted to continue to earn a living but not necessarily make
2356-592: The most sought-after stocks to the brink of commercial extinction unless fisheries agree on more rigid quotas". Japan's Fisheries Research Agency counters that Australian and New Zealand tuna fishing companies under-report their total catches of southern bluefin tuna and ignore internationally mandated total allowable catch totals. In recent years, opening day fish auctions at Tokyo's Tsukiji fish market and Toyosu Market have seen record-setting prices for bluefin tuna, reflecting market demand. In each of 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2019, new record prices have been set for
2418-444: The muscle tissue of tuna ranges from pink to dark red. The red myotomal muscles derive their color from myoglobin , an oxygen-binding molecule, which tuna express in quantities far higher than most other fish. The oxygen-rich blood further enables energy delivery to their muscles. For powerful swimming animals like dolphins and tuna, cavitation may be detrimental, because it limits their maximum swimming speed. Even if they have
2480-496: The net. During 2010–2014, 188 commercial fishing fatalities occurred in the United States, with fatality rates in different fishing fleets ranging from 21 to 147 deaths per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers (FTEs), which is many times higher than the fatality rate for all U.S. workers. During 1919 and 2005, 4111 fishermen died in fishing related accidents in the United Kingdom industry alone. These deaths are generally
2542-446: The ocean's most threatened groups (see list of threatened sharks ) because they are mistakenly caught by vessels searching for fish, and end up getting tossed back into the ocean dead or dying Some Asian cuisines value shark fin as a delicacy , incentivizing excessive catching of sharks and even finning practice among unregulated fishermen . This disappearance of sharks has enabled prey animals like rays to multiply, which alters
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2604-504: The oceans of the world, generally in tropical and temperate waters at latitudes ranging between about 45° north and south of the equator. All tunas are able to maintain the temperature of certain parts of their body above the temperature of ambient seawater. For example, bluefin can maintain a core body temperature of 25–33 °C (77–91 °F), in water as cold as 6 °C (43 °F). Unlike other endothermic creatures such as mammals and birds, tuna do not maintain temperature within
2666-453: The pod with nets to catch the tuna beneath. The nets were prone to entangling dolphins, injuring or killing them. Public outcry and new government regulations, which are now monitored by NOAA have led to more dolphin-friendly methods, now generally involving lines rather than nets. There are neither universal independent inspection programs nor verification of dolphin safety, so these protections are not absolute. According to Consumers Union ,
2728-477: The popular literature. Found in warm seas, the tuna is commercially fished extensively as a food fish , and is popular as a bluewater game fish . As a result of overfishing , some tuna species, such as the southern bluefin tuna , are threatened with extinction . The term "tuna" comes from Spanish atún < Andalusian Arabic at-tūn , assimilated from al-tūn التون [Modern Arabic التن ] : 'tuna fish' < Middle Latin thunnus . Thunnus
2790-513: The power to swim faster, dolphins may have to restrict their speed, because collapsing cavitation bubbles on their tail are too painful. Cavitation also slows tuna, but for a different reason. Unlike dolphins, these fish do not feel the bubbles, because they have bony fins without nerve endings. Nevertheless, they cannot swim faster because the cavitation bubbles create a vapor film around their fins that limits their speed. Lesions have been found on tuna that are consistent with cavitation damage. Tuna
2852-536: The public demand to protect dolphins can be potentially damaging to other species as well. Increasing quantities of high-grade tuna caught at sea are reared in net pens and fed bait fish. In Australia, former fishermen raise southern bluefin tuna ( Thunnus maccoyii ) and another bluefin species. Farming its close relative, the Atlantic bluefin tuna , Thunnus thynnus , is beginning in the Mediterranean , North America and Japan. Hawaiʻi approved permits for
2914-424: The reefs more vulnerable to invasion by non-native species. Fish farming is the raising of fish for food in underwater enclosures, otherwise known as aquaculture . There are environmental hazards such as waste, damage to ecosystems, and negative effects on humans. Because they are so densely packed together, the fecal matter that accumulates can create algal blooms , or deadly parasites and viruses that thrive on
2976-583: The region, the species being fished for, and the technology available to the fishermen. A commercial fishing enterprise may vary from one man with a small boat with hand-casting nets or a few pot traps , to a huge fleet of trawlers processing tons of fish every day. Commercial fishing gears in use today include surrounding nets (e.g. purse seine ), seine nets (e.g. beach seine), trawls (e.g. bottom trawl ), dredges, hooks and lines (e.g. long line and troll line ), lift nets, gillnets , entangling nets, Pole and Line, and traps Commercial fishing gear
3038-414: The report states: Between 1940 and the mid-1960s, the annual world catch of the five principal market species of tunas rose from about 300 thousand tons to about 1 million tons, most of it taken by hook and line . With the development of purse-seine nets, now the predominant gear, catches have risen to more than 4 million tons annually during the last few years. Of these catches, about 68 percent are from
3100-499: The resulting lack of accountability means claims of tuna that is " dolphin safe " should be given little credence. Fishery practices have changed to be dolphin friendly, which has caused greater bycatch including sharks , turtles and other oceanic fish . Fishermen no longer follow dolphins, but concentrate their fisheries around floating objects such as fish aggregation devices , also known as FADs, which attract large populations of other organisms. Measures taken thus far to satisfy
3162-470: The safety of the U.S. commercial fishing fleet, enforcing regulations of the U.S. Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 (CFIVSA). CFIVSA regulations focus primarily on saving lives after the loss of a vessel and not on preventing vessels from capsizing or sinking, falls overboard, or injuries on deck. CFIVSA regulations require that commercial fishing vessels carry various equipment (e.g., life rafts, radio beacons, and immersion suits) depending on
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#17327874708933224-405: The size of the vessel and the area in which it operates. Not all commercial fishermen follow safety regulations and advice. One study of Maine fishermen found that less than 25% of the fishermen interviewed had recent training in first aid or CPR, only 75% of the boats had survival suits and only 36% had a survival craft. Even the ships that did have the necessary equipment did not consistently have
3286-601: The sustainability of their harvest by fishing further down the food chain. This raises concern for fishery managers and researchers, who highlight how further they say that for those reasons, the sustainability of the marine ecosystems could be in danger of collapsing. Commercial fishermen harvest a wide variety of animals. However, a very small number of species support the majority of the world's fisheries; these include herring , cod , anchovy , tuna , flounder , mullet , squid , shrimp , salmon , crab , lobster , oyster and scallops . All except these last four provided
3348-632: The tuna is mixed with mayonnaise and served on bread with cheese melted on top); salade niçoise (a salad made of tuna, olives, green beans, potatoes, hard-boiled eggs and anchovy dressing); and tuna burgers (served on buns). In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates canned tuna (see part c ). Commercial fishing The major fishing industries are not only owned by major corporations but by small families as well. In order to adapt to declining fish populations and increased demand, many commercial fishing operations have reduced
3410-434: The tuna, and holding it at 4 °C. For a 2-inch tuna steak, this requires 24 hours. The fish is then vacuum sealed and frozen. In Japan, color fixation using CO is prohibited. Tuna is canned in edible oils , in brine , in water, and in various sauces. Tuna may be processed and labeled as "solid", "chunked" ("chunk") or "flaked". When tuna is canned and packaged for sale, the product is sometimes called tuna fish (U.S.),
3472-417: The world's captured fish end up thrown overboard because they are caught unintentionally (bycatch), are illegal market species, or are of inferior quality and size" It should not go unnoticed that overfishing has caused more ecological extinction than any other human influence on coastal ecosystems. The global environmental problem of oceanic microplastics is largely caused by plastic-made fishing gear that
3534-596: Was "settled" in August 2015 were finally paid their share of the settlement. Plaintiffs who signed up for the $ 50 in tuna certificates received a coupon good for $ 5.03 provided they buy at least three Starkist products totaling more than that amount. Plaintiffs who signed up for the $ 25 cash received a PayPal payment of $ 2.38 representing their share of the settlement after the law firm's costs had been deducted. StarKist moved its corporate headquarters to Reston, Virginia in 2022. Tuna A tuna ( pl. : tunas or tuna)
3596-596: Was 67 percent in the 1960s. In 2016, the greatest part of the 12 percent used for non-food purposes (about 20 million tonnes) was reduced to fishmeal and fish oil (74 percent or 15 million tonnes), while the rest (5 million tonnes) was largely utilized as material for direct feeding in aquaculture and raising of livestock and fur animals, in culture (e.g. fry, fingerlings or small adults for ongrowing), as bait, in pharmaceutical uses and for ornamental purposes. The industry, in 2006, also managed to generate over 185 billion dollars in sales and also provide over two million jobs in
3658-472: Was estimated that 8.5 million sea turtles were fatally caught in nets or on longlines as bycatch. Coral reefs are biodiversity -rich ecosystems which provide habitat for millions of aquatic species such as sponges, star fish, jellyfish, sea turtles, etc. Reef ecosystems are highly sensitive to chemical, temperature, and population changes. There has been an increasing disappearance of large predators such as barracuda , Nassau groupers , and sharks This makes
3720-626: Was founded in 1917 in San Pedro, California (known historically as "Fish Harbor") as the French Sardine Company of California, by Martin J. Bogdanovich (an immigrant from Croatia ) and several partners. Bogdanovich is known for his innovations related to refrigeration of the seafood product with crushed ice. They first marketed tuna under the Starkist name in 1942. Bogdanovich died in 1944 and his son Joseph (1912–2005) took over
3782-433: Was introduced as a tuna-based cat food in 1959) into a separate division (Joseph Bogdanovich became a Heinz vice-chairman). Heinz sold both divisions to Del Monte in 2002. In August 2015, StarKist settled a class-action lawsuit claiming that the company was guilty of deliberately "under-filling" five-ounce cans of tuna. Earlier that same month, StarKist was sued, accused of colluding with Bumble Bee Foods and Chicken of
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#17327874708933844-419: Was the victim wearing a personal flotation device (PFD) . Several institutions have tried to change the culture surrounding safety on commercial fishing boats, especially around wearing personal flotation devices. The Alaska Scallop Association mandates that every fisherman must wear a PFD while on deck of the boat, and other organizations have purchased more wearable PFDs. Onboard injuries often result when
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