118-458: Starz (stylized in all caps since 2016; pronounced "stars") is an American premium cable and satellite television network owned by Lionsgate , and is the flagship property of parent subsidiary Starz Inc. Launched in 1994 as a multiplex service of Starz Encore , programming on Starz consists of theatrically released motion pictures and first-run original television series . Starz operates six 24-hour, linear multiplex channels;
236-484: A TV Everywhere -style service) was launched on October 8, 2012, with the release of the iPad , iPhone and iPod Touch app until they were merged with Starz.com on April 5, 2016. The Starzplay name was borrowed from a prior service offered in conjunction with Netflix . It was created in 2008 after the subscription streaming service struck an agreement with Starz Entertainment to allow Netflix to sub-license rights to films from distributors that maintain output deals with
354-535: A $ 58 million bid for the library in January 1996, Fox, which by then lowered their purchase price to $ 47.5 million, dropped their deal. A new partnership was formed between Carolco's owner (Mario Kassar) and Cinergi 's owner (Andrew G. Vajna) in 1998. The duo formed C2 Pictures and produced Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines and Basic Instinct 2 , among other films. Film producer Alexander Bafer purchased
472-401: A 50.1% controlling interest in the channel. Starz made its debut as the first phase of a seven-channel thematic multiplex that was launched by Starz (then Encore Media Group) over the course of the succeeding eight months, with the remaining six channels being launched between July and September 1994. The multiplex was intended to only include six channels, but on May 31, 1993, Encore acquired
590-689: A commonly preferred alternative to all caps text is the use of small caps to emphasise key names or acronyms (for example, Text in Small Caps ), or the use of italics or (more rarely) bold . In addition, if all caps must be used it is customary to slightly widen the spacing between the letters, by around 10 per cent of the point height. This practice is known as tracking or letterspacing. Some digital fonts contain alternative spacing metrics for this purpose. Messages completely in capital letters are often equated on social media to shouting and other impolite or argumentative behaviors. This became
708-483: A computer program shouting at its user. Information technology journalist Lee Hutchinson described Microsoft's using the practice as "LITERALLY TERRIBLE ... [it] doesn't so much violate OS X's design conventions as it does take them out behind the shed, pour gasoline on them, and set them on fire." In programming, writing in all caps (possibly with underscores replacing spaces ) is an identifier naming convention in many programming languages that symbolizes that
826-414: A corporate restructuring, invested in by a partnership of Rizzoli-Corriere della Sera of Italy, Le Studio Canal+ of France, Pioneer , and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Each partner helped infuse up to $ 60 million into the studio's stock and another $ 50 million for co-financing deals. MGM also agreed to distribute Carolco products domestically after a previous deal with TriStar expired. In 1993, Carolco
944-720: A deal with Abu Dhabi Media, which allows subscribers to watch UFC fights and events live. In several countries, Lionsgate+ is provided through partnerships with cable services, such as Vodafone in Spain, Movistar TV in Argentina, IndiHome in Indonesia and PLDT Home in the Philippines or within Apple TV as well. On September 28, 2022, Lionsgate announced the international Starzplay service would be rebranded as Lionsgate+
1062-495: A delicate scanning of characters (from a damaged image that needs further contextual text correction). Depending on the typeface , these similarities accidentally create various duplicates (even quite briefly and without realizing it when reading). E.g. H/A, F/E or I/T by adding a bar; P/R, O/Q, even C/G from similar errors; V/U, D/O, even B/S while rounding the shape; and more deformations implying mixings. Adding digits in all caps styled texts may multiply these confusions, which
1180-563: A four-year extension of its existing deal with Miramax and the rest of the Disney family. In 2002, Starz picked up the pay TV rights to Disney's animated films, which previously bypassed a pay TV window. All caps In typography , text or font in all caps (short for " all capitals ") contains capital letters without any lowercase letters. For example: THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG. All-caps text can be seen in legal documents, advertisements , newspaper headlines , and
1298-491: A licensing fee for digital streaming rights to its films (Netflix ended up assuming rights to most film releases by Walt Disney Studios from Starz in 2016). Starzplay (as a Netflix service) was first made available to Starz subscribers of the Verizon FiOS television service. Starz content (including most of its original programming and series content that the channel acquired through domestic and international distributors)
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#17327730047051416-399: A mainstream interpretation with the advent of networked computers, from the 1980s onward. However, a similar interpretation was already evidenced by written sources that predated the computing era, in some cases by at least a century, and the textual display of shouting or emphasis was still not a settled matter by 1984. The following sources may be relevant to the history of all caps: Before
1534-755: A majority of the library, still are) licensed to Lionsgate under an ongoing deal with StudioCanal. Lionsgate, in turn, licensed those rights in Canada to Entertainment One (which in turn was acquired by Lionsgate in 2023), although theatrical rights to most of the library were split between Sony Pictures (for Cliffhanger ), and Rialto Pictures (for the rest of the library not already retained by its original distributors or passed on to other companies). The video rights to most titles previously released by Lionsgate in North America are now held outright by StudioCanal, and sublicensed to Kino Lorber . Showgirls
1652-476: A more dramatic makeover, with a completely redesigned logo – which included the exclamation mark being dropped from the channel's name – and a standardized graphics package that was implemented across all of its channels (with some modifications for each channel's format). The programming formats of several channels changed entirely: Starz! Theater was relaunched as Starz Edge, a movie channel aimed primarily at men 18 to 34 years old (nicknamed "The New Generation" by
1770-412: A script by Walon Green and with Paul Verhoeven attached as director, in 1994 when the budget exceeded $ 100 million. However, Carolco was able to complete a merger with The Vista Organization in late October 1993. Carolco attempted a comeback with the big-budget swashbuckler Cutthroat Island , with Michael Douglas in the lead. Douglas dropped out early in its production and was replaced by
1888-593: A separate digital cable tier from Starz. However, Encore and, depending on its carriage, MoviePlex are frequently sold together in a package with Starz. Despite being a premium service, cable providers have occasionally used Starz Kids & Family (and its predecessor, Starz Family) to temporarily replace television stations dropped due to carriage disputes such as during Journal Broadcast Group 's 2013 dispute with Time Warner Cable . This dispute resulted in TWC's systems in certain markets substituting other stations (such as
2006-557: A separate public tracking stock called Liberty Starz. On January 1, 2010, Chris Albrecht joined Starz as its president and chief executive officer , then overseeing all of the Starz entities including Starz Entertainment, Overture Films , Anchor Bay Entertainment and Film Roman . On August 8, 2012, Liberty Media announced that it would spin off the Liberty Starz subsidiary into a separate publicly traded company. The spin-off of
2124-538: A share in Carolco. Also in 1990, Carolco acquired the rights to make a sequel to The Terminator from Hemdale; the company already had the television rights to the original film courtesy of its television distribution deal with Hemdale. The company re-hired Terminator director James Cameron (who had worked as a screenwriter on Rambo II ) and Arnold Schwarzenegger to star in a multi-million-dollar budgeted sequel, Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). Terminator 2
2242-532: A slowed speed is possible – but in principle too many factors of low legibility are involved." Other critics are of the opinion that all caps letters in text are often "too tightly packed against each other". Besides the aforementioned speed of reading, all caps is can be prone to character -based ambiguities. Namely, the upper-case letters are globally simpler than their lower-case counterpart. For example, they lack ascenders and descenders . Since they are built from fewer positional and building elements (e.g.
2360-416: A smaller grid pertaining to minimalist digital fonts), they are more fragile to small changes. These variations, generally involuntary but sometimes induced on purpose, are caused by a misinterpretation (the information is transferred) or by a deterioration (the data is lost, in the analysis wording). They can occur horizontally and/or vertically, while misreading (without this extra effort or time), or during
2478-465: A startup network, Starz endured major losses during its early years, with total deficits topping US$ 203 million and annual losses of US$ 150 million by 1997. It was predicted to lose an additional US$ 300 million in revenue before it was predicted to break even. In June 1997, Comcast signed an agreement to carry the network on its Pennsylvania and New Jersey systems to replace Philadelphia -based PRISM after that network shut down that October following
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#17327730047052596-663: A term is conspicuous, we look at more than formatting. A term that appears in capitals can still be inconspicuous if it is hidden on the back of a contract in small type. Terms that are in capitals but also appear in hard-to-read type may flunk the conspicuousness test. A sentence in capitals, buried deep within a long paragraph in capitals will probably not be deemed conspicuous...it is entirely possible for text to be conspicuous without being in capitals. Certain musicians—such as Marina , Finneas , who are both known mononymously, and MF DOOM —as well as some bands such as Haim and Kiss —have their names stylised in all caps. Additionally, it
2714-528: A traditional subscription video on demand service; and a namesake over-the-top streaming platform that both acts as a TV Everywhere offering for Starz's linear television subscribers and is sold directly to streaming-only consumers. Starz is also sold independently of traditional and over-the-top multichannel video programming distributors a la carte through Apple TV Channels and Amazon Video Channels , which feature VOD library content and live feeds of Starz's linear television services (consisting of
2832-527: A tweet from the Electronic Frontier Foundation stating that "Starz should withdraw its takedown and refrain from harassing journalists". However, they subsequently apologized, clarified that the invalid DMCA claims were sent on their behalf by a third-party contractor called The Social Element and promised that they are "working with our vendors to reinstate any such content that was inappropriately targeted for removal." Depending on
2950-511: Is a high-definition simulcast feed of Starz that broadcasts in the 1080i resolution format. In addition to its main channel, Starz also operates high-definition simulcast feeds of its five multiplex channels. When it was launched in December 2003, the simulcast covered only the east and west coast feeds of the main Starz channel. An enhanced-definition simulcast feed and a separate HD channel called Sharper Movies HD, that would have broadcast in
3068-403: Is an "apparent consensus" that lower-case text is more legible, but that some editors continue to use all caps in text regardless. In his studies of all caps in headlines , he states that, "Editors who favor capitals claim that they give greater emphasis. Those who prefer lower case claim their preferences gives greater legibility." Wheildon, who informs us that "When a person reads a line of type,
3186-509: Is available at no additional charge to new and existing Starz subscribers. The service was launched on September 19, 2001, debuting on Adelphia Communications ' Cleveland, Ohio , system. The service offers early premieres of feature films that are scheduled to premiere on Starz, up to one month prior to their pay cable debut on the primary linear channel. Starz on Demand's rotating program selection incorporates selected new titles that are added each Friday, and existing program titles held over from
3304-615: Is common for bands with vowelless names (a process colourfully known as " disemvoweling ") to use all caps, with prominent examples including STRFKR , MSTRKRFT , PWR BTTM , SBTRKT , JPNSGRLS (now known as Hotel Mira), BLK JKS , MNDR , and DWNTWN . Miles Tinker , renowned for his landmark work, Legibility of Print , performed scientific studies on the legibility and readability of all-capital print. His findings were as follows: All-capital print greatly retards speed of reading in comparison with lower-case type. Also, most readers judge all capitals to be less legible. Faster reading of
3422-435: Is less legible and readable than lower-case text. In addition, switching to all caps may make text appear hectoring and obnoxious for cultural reasons, since all-capitals is often used in transcribed speech to indicate that the speaker is shouting. All-caps text is common in comic books, as well as on older teleprinter and radio transmission systems, which often do not indicate letter case at all. In professional documents,
3540-418: Is one aim of Leet (intentional pseudo duplicates) and can provide simple means of concealing messages (often numbers). Carolco Pictures Carolco Pictures, Inc. was an American independent film studio that existed from 1976 to 1995, founded by Mario Kassar and Andrew G. Vajna . Kassar and Vajna ran Carolco together until 1989, when Vajna left to form Cinergi Pictures . Carolco hit its peak in
3658-566: The ASCII table , so can display both alphabets, but all caps only. Mikrosha is switchable to KOI-7N1, in this mode, it can display both caps and lower-case, but in Cyrillic only. Other Soviet computers, such as BK0010 , MK 85 , Corvette and Agat-9 , use 8-bit encoding called KOI-8R, they can display both Cyrillic and Latin in caps and lower-case. Many, but not all NES games use all caps because of tile graphics, where charset and tiles share
Starz - Misplaced Pages Continue
3776-477: The Cannon Films and Carolco Pictures libraries), Revolution Studios , Overture Films , Yari Film Group , and the network's sister company Lions Gate Entertainment (since 2012). Films for which Starz has pay-cable rights usually also run on Encore and MoviePlex during the duration of its term of licensing. From 1995 to 2002, Starz had broadcast occasional original made-for-pay cable movies produced by
3894-752: The DIC Entertainment and Cookie Jar Group catalogs) and The Jim Henson Company . Programs included Angela Anaconda , Sonic the Hedgehog , Liberty's Kids , Muppet Babies , The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss , The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! etc. Other WildBrain programs aired on Starz Encore Family , and all the others appeared on the Starz streaming mobile app. This block was removed for reruns of another show Starz acquired, Pit Pony , in December 2020, though reruns of Little Charmers stayed until December 2022. In 1994, Encore launched
4012-460: The Disney –owned studios Touchstone Pictures , Hollywood Pictures and Miramax Films . Films from those studios were not carried on Starz until 1997, after Disney's output agreement with Showtime for its non-family-oriented films concluded. The network restricted the scheduling of films that contained graphic sexual or violent content to late evening and overnight time periods. Starz's availability
4130-527: The John Huston film Escape to Victory (1981). The risk paid off after First Blood made $ 120 million worldwide, and placed Carolco among the major players in Hollywood. On May 15, 1984, Carolco Pictures entered into a long-term agreement with then-up-and-coming film distributor and fledging studio Tri-Star Pictures , with Tri-Star distributing Carolco's films in North America; HBO (a partner in
4248-566: The Local AccuWeather Channel - and Live Well Network -affiliated digital subchannels of Milwaukee , Wisconsin's WTMJ-TV ) with the channel. A January 2000 dispute between Cox Communications and Fox Television Stations resulted in Starz! Family replacing Fox owned-and-operated stations in six markets. In September 2016, the channel brought back children's programming on a weekday morning block. The block provided programming from Nelvana, WIldBrain (mainly programs from
4366-574: The Middle East and North Africa region, breaching those territories before its biggest competitor in media streaming being Netflix. Starzplay Arabia remains available even as the U.S. version of the service has been discontinued. In 2018, the service became available in Pakistan , as a joint venture between Cinepax, a cinema chain in Pakistan, and Lionsgate 's StarzPlay Arabia. In 2019, Starzplay
4484-620: The Xbox 360 was released on December 3, 2013, followed by a similar app for the Xbox One on August 5, 2014. Lionsgate+ (previously Starzplay), Starzplay Arabia, and Lionsgate Play (in the south and Southeast Asia region) were Starz' international streaming services for viewers outside North America. Starzplay Arabia was the first Starz-branded service to be localized outside the United States, launching on April 2, 2015, in 17 countries in
4602-587: The 1080i format and be structured similarly to the original format of sister channel Encore's MoviePlex (in which Sharper Movies would broadcast programming from each Starz channel in daily sampler blocks), were also planned. Plans for the latter service were dropped because of a lack of interest from providers to charge a premium fee for the network. HD feeds of Starz Kids and Family, Starz Comedy and Starz Edge, followed in 2007. The remaining Starz multiplex channels, Starz Cinema and Starz In Black, launched their HD simulcast feeds on June 23, 2010, with DirecTV becoming
4720-498: The 10th anniversary of the United States' exit from the Vietnam War ; that event garnered publicity for the new film, which also became a hit. Tri-Star and Carolco would eventually renew their partnership in 1986, which called for Tri-Star to distribute upcoming Carolco product, including Rambo III , in a new multi-feature agreement. The release of the two Rambo films were so instrumental to Carolco's financial success that
4838-449: The 1980s and early 1990s, with blockbuster successes including the first three films of the Rambo franchise , Field of Dreams , Total Recall , Terminator 2: Judgment Day , Basic Instinct , Universal Soldier , Cliffhanger and Stargate . Nevertheless, the company was losing money overall, and it required a corporate restructuring in 1992. The 1995 film Cutthroat Island
Starz - Misplaced Pages Continue
4956-573: The 1990s, more than three-quarters of newspapers in the western world used lower-case letters in headline text. Discussion regarding the use of all caps for headlines centers on the greater emphasis offered by all caps versus the greater legibility offered by lower-case letters. Colin Wheildon conducted a scientific study with 224 readers who analyzed various headline styles and concluded that "Headlines set in capital letters are significantly less legible than those set in lower case." All caps typography
5074-557: The 1999 Japanese horror film Audition which he was producing. Investor Tarek Kirschen was then inducted as Carolco's CEO. In 2017, StudioCanal and Carolco reached an agreement whereby StudioCanal would have sole control of the Carolco name and logo and the Carolco Pictures company would be renamed Recall Studios. That agreement settled a legal dispute over the Carolco mark brought by StudioCanal. The arrangement took effect on November 29 of that year. After its bankruptcy,
5192-623: The 2003 calendar year before HBO assumed pay television rights in 2004. In 1997, Starz lost its rights to many of the Dimension Films to Showtime, due to its violent content surrounding the films, except for several future Jackie Chan films Dimension released, which Starz kept the rights. After the Showtime deal, in August 1999, Starz preemptively signed a four-year deal with the studio that took effect in January 2003, in conjunction with
5310-452: The 5 and 10-minute time limits, and 13.9 percent for the whole 20-minute period". Tinker concluded that, "Obviously, all-capital printing slows reading to a marked degree in comparison with Roman lower case." Tinker provides the following explanations for why all capital printing is more difficult to read: Text in all capitals covers about 35 percent more printing surface than the same material set in lower case. This would tend to increase
5428-582: The Cannon Group and 21st Century Films. Since the court did not rule in Carolco’s favor, these lawsuits led to the studio losing an additional amount of money, while the Spider-Man film rights were reverted to Marvel and eventually sold to Columbia. Carolco's attempt to make more of its specialties proved to be more strenuous: Carolco had to shelve Crusade , an upcoming Schwarzenegger film based on
5546-409: The Carolco name and logo years later. On January 20, 2015, Bafer renamed his production company Carolco Pictures, formerly known as Brick Top Productions. Bafer then recruited Mario Kassar as the chief development executive of the new Carolco. However, on April 7, 2016, it was announced that both Bafer and Kassar had left the company, Kassar taking with him one of Carolco's planned projects, a remake of
5664-539: The Dogmen , Stargate and Showgirls . In October 1994, Carolco ran out of funds and Pioneer invested another $ 8 million. In April 1995, Carolco announced that it was unable to make interest payments on $ 55 million of debt. In November 1995, Carolco filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Cutthroat Island was released that Christmas and became a box-office disaster. Carolco agreed to sell its assets to 20th Century Fox for $ 50 million. But when Canal+ made
5782-646: The Meridian International Business Center complex in Englewood, Colorado , and at a small office located on 5th Avenue in New York City. As of September 2018, Starz was available to approximately 28.517 million American households that had a subscription to a multichannel television provider (27.675 million of which receive Starz's primary channel at minimum). Starz (initially stylized as "STARZ!" with an exclamation point)
5900-572: The Nordics, and Japan before the end of the company's fiscal year. In August 2023, Lionsgate announced that Lionsgate+ will leave Latin America on December 31, 2023. In November, the shutdown date was changed to December 11, 2023, while customers who have accessed Lionsgate+ through Amazon Prime Video would have continued to access to streaming until February 9, 2024. On November 4, 2023, Lionsgate announced that Lionsgate+ would cease its operations in
6018-464: The Tri-Star venture) handled pay cable TV rights, and Thorn EMI Video (later, HBO/Cannon Video ) handled North American home video distribution rights. The first film under the agreement was Rambo: First Blood Part II . TriStar released the majority of Carolco's films from that point on in the U.S. and some other countries until 1994. The sequel Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985), was timed for
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#17327730047056136-663: The UK in early 2024. On December 19, it was confirmed that the shutdown date will be on February 29, 2024. On April 5, 2016, Starz launched a new app and over-the-top subscription service to compete with HBO Now and Showtime 's OTT subscription service. The new app, which replaced the StarzPlay service, allowed users to access Starz programming regardless of whether they had a TV package or not. The Starz app also includes offline playback functionality, allowing users to download and watch content without an internet connection. In response to
6254-455: The acquisition was completed five months later on December 8. In April 2019, Starz was widely criticized in the tech press and by the Electronic Frontier Foundation for sending legal demands to Twitter in order to remove links to a news article which discussed piracy but contained neither pirated content nor links to pirated content. Starz initially responded by issuing further DMCA complaints against those criticizing them, including against
6372-602: The assets of Carolco were sold off to other companies, most already sold during Carolco's existence. In March 1996, Canal+ purchased the library in bankruptcy court for a value of approximately $ 58 million. The ancillary rights to Carolco's library (up to 1995 with certain exceptions) are held by French production company StudioCanal , since its parent company, Canal+ Group , owned a stake in Carolco, eventually buying out its partners. On September 17, 1991, Multimedia Entertainment acquired selected assets of Carolco's television distribution unit Orbis Communications, which included
6490-697: The buyout of independent syndicator Orbis Communications. In addition to its own library, Carolco also held the television rights to the films of Hemdale Film Corporation (including The Terminator and The Return of the Living Dead ), Alive Films (including Kiss of the Spider Woman ), HBO Premiere Films (including The Glitter Dome ), and future subsidiary The Vista Organization. Carolco also attempted to buy troubled film distributor Orion Pictures and home video distributor Media Home Entertainment , but these deals failed. They also purchased
6608-420: The channel). Starz! Kids and Starz! Family were combined into a single channel called Starz Kids and Family, to make room for a new channel focusing on comedic feature films called Starz Comedy. Black Starz! also changed its name to Starz InBlack. The only multiplex channel (other than the primary feed) that retained its original name was Starz Cinema. The Starz multiplex has been marketed under several names over
6726-963: The cost is $ 8.99 per month, after a seven-day free trial. The content deal between Amazon and Starz not only offers the channel's current and back catalog of programming, but also movies and classic TV series currently airing on Encore and its branded networks, as well as live East Coast feeds of the Starz-branded networks and Encore. As of 2023, Starz and sister networks Starz Encore and MoviePlex maintain exclusive first-run film licensing agreements with Lionsgate Films (since 2022, including Summit Entertainment since 2023) and Universal Pictures (since 2022, after each films' 18 month window on Peacock and Amazon Prime Video ). On March 2, 2021, Lionsgate announced films from Lionsgate Films would air on Starz for first-run rights starting in 2022, except Summit Entertainment which would start airing on Starz in 2023 after output deals with Hulu and HBO expired at
6844-462: The development of lower-case letters in the 8th century, texts in the Latin alphabet were written in a single case, which is now considered to be capital letters. Text in all caps is not widely used in body copy . The main exception to this is the so-called fine print in legal documents. Capital letters have been widely used in printed headlines from the early days of newspapers until the 1950s. In
6962-528: The discontinuation of StarzPlay, Comcast has blocked access to the new Starz app for Comcast Xfinity customers, forcing them to instead access the network's authenticated content through the Xfinity app and website and older StarzPlay apps on platforms such as Roku . Currently, Comcast is the only major distributor to do this. In the winter of 2015, Amazon Video began offering Starz and rival premium network Showtime as add-on subscriptions for their customers;
7080-626: The early 1990s, including Total Recall , Terminator 2: Judgment Day , and Basic Instinct , Carolco was gradually losing money as the years went on. Carolco mixed blockbusters with small-budget arthouse films which were not profitable. In addition, Carolco was criticized for overspending on films through reliance on star power and far-fetched deals (Schwarzenegger received a then-unheard-of $ 10–14 million for his work on Total Recall and Terminator 2 ; Stallone also had similar treatment). Losses of partnerships also threatened Carolco's stability and drove it towards bankruptcy. In 1992, Carolco underwent
7198-473: The east and west coast feeds of the main Starz channel), resulting in the difference in local airtimes for a particular movie or program between two geographic locations being three hours at most. The premium film services Encore and MoviePlex, which are also owned by Starz, Inc., operate as separate services; as such, subscribers to one of the services do not have to subscribe to any of the others. Some providers offer Encore and MoviePlex's multiplex channels on
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#17327730047057316-483: The end of 2021 and 2022 respectively. On July 15, 2021, Starz reached a licensing deal with Universal Pictures for first-run movies 18 months after they streamed on Peacock and Amazon Prime Video respectively. Despite being acquired by Lions Gate Entertainment in 2016, films released under the Lionsgate label did not air on Starz until 2022 due to an output deal with Epix until the end of 2019, then Hulu until
7434-1331: The end of 2021. Summit Entertainment films did not air on Starz until 2023 due to an output deal with HBO until the end of 2022. Starz also shows sub-runs (runs of films that have recently received broadcast or syndicated television airings) of theatrical films from Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (including subsidiaries Walt Disney Pictures , Touchstone Pictures , Marvel Studios , Lucasfilm , 20th Century Studios , and Hollywood Pictures - all for films released before 2016), Warren Miller Films (for films released before 2020), Sony Pictures Entertainment (including subsidiaries Columbia Pictures , Sony Pictures Classics , Screen Gems , Destination Films , Triumph Films , and TriStar Pictures - all for films released before 2022), Warner Bros. Discovery (including content from subsidiaries Warner Bros. Pictures , New Line Cinema , Turner Entertainment – both for films released prior to 2005 – and Castle Rock Entertainment ), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (including content from subsidiaries United Artists , Orion Pictures , and The Samuel Goldwyn Company ), Europa Corp , Paramount Pictures (including content from DreamWorks Pictures (pre-2011), Republic Pictures , Nickelodeon Movies , Dimension Films (pre-2005), Miramax , Paramount Vantage and television rights to
7552-534: The evidence that all-capital printing retards speed of reading to a striking degree in comparison with lower case and is not liked by readers, it would seem wise to eliminate such printing whenever rapid reading and consumer (reader) views are of importance. Examples of this would include any continuous reading material, posters, bus cards, billboards, magazine advertising copy, headings in books, business forms and records, titles of articles, books and book chapters, and newspaper headlines. Colin Wheildon stated that there
7670-504: The expiration of the Netflix deal, film content from studios with which Starz maintains broadcast rights were no longer available for online streaming, particularly as Netflix and certain similar services such as Vudu did not have separate streaming rights to films from these individual studios. Prior to the beta launch of its Starz Online service (which became Starzplay upon its official launch), Starz announced on November 18, 2011, that it
7788-538: The eye recognizes letters by the shapes of their upper halves", asserts that recognizing words in all caps "becomes a task instead of a natural process". His conclusions, based on scientific testing in 1982–1990, are: "Headlines set in capital letters are significantly less legible than those set in lower case." John Ryder , in the Case for Legibility , stated that "Printing with capital letters can be done sufficiently well to arouse interest and, with short lines, reading at
7906-419: The film credits. In February 1994, Carolco filed a separate lawsuit against Columbia Pictures and Viacom, in an effort to gain their home video and television rights to Spider-Man , but the suit backfired, when Columbia and Viacom counter-sued Carolco. In 1995, Carolco, Golan, Columbia, Viacom, and Marvel were all subsequently sued by MGM, who believed they should have inherited the film rights, upon acquiring
8024-543: The film's budget. Although a major box-office success, Carolco saw little revenue from Cliffhanger since it ended up becoming a minority owner in the film. Carolco’s plans for a Spider-Man film with James Cameron, which had an estimated budget of $ 50 million, were forced to be shelved, following a period of litigation; in April 1993, Menahem Golan filed a lawsuit against the studio to revoke his contract with them, since Cameron had Golan’s executive producer name omitted from
8142-502: The first provider to offer all six channels (including both coastal feeds of the primary Starz channel) in HD. Among others, Starz HD is carried nationally by satellite providers DirecTV and Dish Network and regionally by Verizon FiOS , AT&T U-verse , Comcast Xfinity , Time Warner Cable , Cox Communications, Cablevision and Charter Communications . Starz operates a video-on-demand (VOD) television service called Starz On Demand, which
8260-425: The following day in most countries, eliminating much of the conflict between Lionsgate and Disney 's Star brand. The Starzplay Arabia and Lionsgate Play services will not be affected at this time, while Starz in the U.S. and Canada merely rebranded with a new version of the "STARZ" logo. In November 2022, it was announced that Lionsgate+ was ending operations in the markets of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Benelux,
8378-535: The former De Laurentiis Entertainment Group production facility in Wilmington, North Carolina . Vajna sold his share of Carolco in December 1989 for $ 106 million to Kassar due to increasing disagreement with Kassar over the direction of the company. That November, Vajna formed Cinergi Pictures , with The Walt Disney Company as a distribution partner. Kassar's ownership of the company increased to 62%. In 1990, Pioneer Electric Corporation of Japan acquired
8496-567: The former company's stake in the subsidiary in 1999, following TCI's merger with AT&T Corporation . By May 1998, Starz maintained a subscriber base reaching 7.6 million households with a cable or satellite television subscription. The network gained carriage deals with many other major American cable and satellite providers by the early 2000s, particularly with the adoption of digital cable , allowing for providers to add channels that they (even with capacity expansions of up to 60 channels) previously had limited room to carry. Encore Media Group
8614-569: The given identifier represents a constant . A practice exists (most commonly in Francophone countries) of distinguishing the surname from the rest of a personal name by stylizing the surname only in all caps. This practice is also common among Japanese, when names are spelled using Roman letters. In April 2013, the U.S. Navy moved away from an all caps-based messaging system, which was begun with 1850s-era teleprinters that had only uppercase letters. The switch to mixed-case communications
8732-487: The in-house company Starz! Pictures. At the time of its launch, Starz had secured exclusive first-run film rights with Universal Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, Miramax Films, New Line Cinema, Walt Disney Pictures, and Carolco Pictures. Between 1995 and 2005, Starz had also broadcast films from Turner Pictures and New Line Cinema. Starz's contract with Universal Pictures expired in late 2002, with HBO and Starz sharing half of Universal Pictures' films during
8850-459: The less-bankable Matthew Modine . Geena Davis , cast as the female lead through her ties with then-husband, the director Renny Harlin , was already an established A-lister but was coming off a string of flops. MGM hoped to advertise Cutthroat Island based on spectacle rather than cast. In an attempt to raise more financing for the projected $ 90–100 million film, Carolco sold off the rights to several films in production, including Last of
8968-488: The linear Starz channel for online viewing – in lieu of acquiring the digital distribution rights on its own, due to the expense of acquiring newer film titles – as Netflix was considered to be merely a "content aggregator". Because Netflix chose to sub-license digital rights through Starz instead of negotiating with the studios, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures threatened not to renew its output deal with Starz unless it either discontinued its deal with Netflix or paid Disney
9086-538: The loss of its (and sister network SportsChannel Philadelphia 's) sports programming to Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia . Partly in an effort to get the network's substantial losses off its books, TCI announced a deal on June 2, 1997, in which it transferred majority ownership of the corporate entity that operated Starz, Encore Media Group, to sister company Liberty Media; TCI retained a 20% minority ownership interest in Encore Media Group. Liberty Media assumed
9204-567: The lower-case print is due to the characteristic word forms furnished by this type. This permits reading by word units, while all capitals tend to be read letter by letter. Furthermore, since all-capital printing takes at least one-third more space than lower case, more fixation pauses are required for reading the same amount of material. The use of all capitals should be dispensed with in every printing situation. According to Tinker, "As early as 1914, Starch reported that material set in Roman lower case
9322-523: The opportunity to add marginal notes emphasising key points. Legal writing expert Bryan A. Garner has described the practice as "ghastly". A 2020 study found that all-caps in legal texts is ineffective and is, in fact, harmful to older readers. In 2002, a US court spoke out against the practice, ruling that simply making text all-capitals has no bearing on whether it is clear and easily readable: Lawyers who think their caps lock keys are instant "make conspicuous" buttons are deluded. In determining whether
9440-404: The other Starz multiplex channels, Starz! Kids was launched on cable systems on a case-by-case basis instead of on a broader national scale. The entire multiplex was overhauled on March 28, 2005, as part of an extensive rebranding of the Starz and Encore services. While Encore debuted a slightly modified logo and applied the "Encore" brand to the names of its six multiplex channels, Starz underwent
9558-483: The pay cable rights to broadcast recent feature films from Universal Pictures released after that year; as a result, TCI/Liberty decided to create an additional premium pay-TV service to serve as a competitor to HBO and Showtime . The network carried the moniker "Encore 8" in its on-air branding as part of a numbering system that was used by Encore's multiplex channels. Early trademark filings indicated that TCI/Liberty's proposed names including "Applause" and "Stars" for
9676-456: The pay television industry's first "themed" multiplex service – seven additional movie channels that each focused on a specific genre. This was intended to include only six channels, but Encore decided to launch Starz as a competitor to HBO and Showtime after it acquired the pay-TV rights to broadcast films by Universal Studios released after 1993. A numbering system was used for each service to identify itself as an Encore channel, though this system
9794-510: The pictures to IVE. IVE merged with another distributor, Lieberman, and became LIVE Entertainment in 1988. Fueled by the success of Rambo and their other offerings, Carolco expanded into various other business sectors over the next few years. This included video retail holdings, licensing of their IP, an international division (which included deals with John Carpenter and Alive Films , as well as Canada's Alliance Entertainment Corporation ), and television production and distribution via
9912-448: The previous one to two weeks. The Starz On Demand name was also used for an online broadband streaming movie service operated by Starz and RealNetworks from 2003 to 2004. In March 2011, Starz On Demand launched a third VOD service (in addition to its standard-definition and high-definition VOD services), offering movies presented in 3D to customers of Comcast and Verizon FiOS at no additional charge. The original incarnation of Starzplay
10030-694: The primary channel's East and West Coast feeds and, for Amazon Video customers, the East Coast feeds of its five multiplex channels). Starz's programming has been licensed for use by a number of channels and platforms worldwide, and the brand name is licensed by Bell Media for a companion channel of the Canada -based company's Crave premium service. Starz and its sister networks, Starz Encore and MoviePlex , are headquartered in Santa Monica, California , with satellite office facilities located at
10148-569: The production and distribution of feature films. One of Vajna's early productions was a 1973 martial-arts film entitled The Deadly China Doll which made $ 3.7 million worldwide from a $ 100,000 budget. Their goal was to focus on film sales, with their first venture being The Sicilian Cross ; eventually it went into financing low-budget films. Their earliest films were produced by American International Pictures and ITC Entertainment with Carolco's financial support, and co-produced with Canadian theater magnate Garth Drabinsky . The name "Carolco"
10266-489: The reading time. When this is combined with the difficulty in reading words in all-capital letters as units, the hindrance to rapid reading becomes marked. In the eye-movement study by Tinker and Patterson, the principal difference in oculomotor patterns between lower case and all capitals was the very large increase in number of fixation pauses for reading the all-capital print. All caps text should be eliminated from most forms of composition, according to Tinker: Considering
10384-413: The rebranding of BET Movies: Starz! as Black Starz! after BET withdrew from the partnership during its acquisition by Viacom (which owned rival pay service Showtime at the time) in 2001. A seventh Starz multiplex channel was launched in 2004: Starz! Kids was created as a movie service featuring films aimed at children between 2 and 11 years of age, maintaining a format similar to that of Starz! Family. Unlike
10502-572: The same ROM. Game designers often choose to have less characters in favor of more tiles. With the advent of the bulletin board system , or BBS, and later the Internet, typing messages in all caps commonly became closely identified with "shouting" or attention-seeking behavior, and may be considered rude. Its equivalence to shouting traces back to at least 1984 and before the Internet, back to printed typography usage of all capitals to mean shouting. For this reason, etiquette generally discourages
10620-499: The service (the "s" in the latter was ultimately changed to a "z" in the final naming). Starz focused more on recent feature films, while Starz Encore (then Encore) focused on films released between the 1960s and the 1980s, before adding recent film fare itself in July 1999. It also held the television rights to releases from Carolco Pictures , New Line Cinema (as well as its sibling labels Fine Line Features and Turner Pictures ), and
10738-469: The service provider, Starz provides up to twelve multiplex channels – six 24-hour multiplex channels, all of which are simulcast in both standard definition and high definition – as well as a subscription video-on-demand service (Starz On Demand). Starz broadcasts its primary and multiplex channels on Eastern and Pacific Time Zone schedules. The respective coastal feeds of each channel are usually packaged together (though most cable providers only offer
10856-529: The studio focused more on big-budget action films, with major stars such as Stallone (who later signed a ten-picture deal with the studio) and Arnold Schwarzenegger attached. These films, aimed at appealing to a worldwide audience, were financed using a strategy known as "pre-sales", in which domestic and foreign distributors invested in these marketable films in exchange for local releasing rights. Carolco entered home video distribution as well. Independent video distributor International Video Entertainment (IVE)
10974-631: The subsidiary was completed on January 11, 2013, with Liberty Starz changing its name to Starz as a result. On April 5, 2016, Starz was rebranded, introducing a new logo, this time stylized as "STARZ" in all uppercase. As part of the rebranding, Starz added all the Encore channels to its moniker, therefore increasing the Starz channel lineup to 14 Starz premium channels. Its main channel was rebranded Starz Encore and carries reruns of Starz Originals in addition to films. On June 30, 2016, Lionsgate agreed to acquire Starz Inc. for $ 4.4 billion in cash and stock;
11092-464: The telefilm subsidiary Carolco Television Productions. In 1992, Carolco Pictures licensed television distribution rights to its library to Spelling Entertainment 's Worldvision Enterprises in order to pay off debt. In North America , with certain exceptions, those rights are held by Paramount Television Studios through Trifecta Entertainment & Media as the successor to Spelling/Worldvision. All other rights in terms of home video were (and for
11210-626: The television rights to Viacom —was his way of raising funds to revive production. Carolco subsequently began pre-production on the Spider-Man film, and James Cameron was quickly hired as the writer and director. In 1993, towards the end of filming True Lies , Variety carried the announcement that Carolco received a completed screenplay from Cameron. This script bore the names of Cameron, John Brancato, Ted Newsom, Barry [sic] Cohen and "Joseph Goldmari"—a typographical scrambling of Menahem Golan's pen name, "Joseph Goldman"—with Marvel executive Joseph Calimari. Cameron stalwart Arnold Schwarzenegger
11328-425: The titles on book covers. Short strings of words in capital letters appear bolder and "louder" than mixed case, and this is sometimes referred to as "screaming" or "shouting". All caps can also be used to indicate that a given word is an acronym . Studies have been conducted on the readability and legibility of all caps text. Scientific testing from the 20th century onward has generally indicated that all caps text
11446-581: The use of all caps when posting messages online. While all caps can be used as an alternative to rich-text "bolding" for a single word or phrase, to express emphasis, repeated use of all caps can be considered "shouting" or irritating. Some aspects of Microsoft's Metro design language involve the use of all caps headings and titles. This has received particular attention when menu and ribbon titles appeared in all caps in Visual Studio 2012 and Office 2013 , respectively. Critics have compared this to
11564-525: The years including the "Starz Encore Super Pak" and the "Starz Super Pak". The multiplex now has no "official" marketed name as of 2015. On March 28, 2016, Starz introduced a new logo and tagline, "Obsessable". This coincided with a revamp of the Starz channels effective April 5 of that year, with all of Encore's channels taking on the "Starz" brand, and Encore's main channel being rebranded "Starz Encore", and airing reruns of Starz originals in addition to films. Starz now has 14 channels in its package. Starz HD
11682-447: Was produced as a comeback for the studio, but it instead lost them $ 147 million, and the company was quickly brought to an end. Carolco Pictures was founded through the partnership of two film investors, Mario Kassar and Andrew Vajna . The two were hailed by Newsweek as some of the most successful independent producers. By the age of 25, Vajna went from wig-maker to the owner of two Hong Kong theaters. Then, Vajna ventured into
11800-470: Was a website and mobile app that featured original programming and feature film content from Starz available for streaming in standard or high definition. It was available to Starz subscribers of Verizon FIOS, AT&T U-verse, Cox Communications, Xfinity by Comcast and DirecTV until it was merged with Starz.com on April 5, 2016. The former incarnation of the Starzplay online service (which is structured as
11918-464: Was abandoned for most of the channels in 1996, with the tagline "an encore network" (which Starz! also used, albeit sparingly) being used from then until 2002. Starz continued to heavily include the "Encore 8" moniker in its main IDs , feature presentation bumpers and select bumpers until 2002, even as it transitioned into a separate channel from Encore. The tie to Encore branding-wise continued even as Starz
12036-580: Was common on teletype machines, such as those used by police departments, news, and the United States' then-called Weather Bureau , as well as early computers, such as certain early Apple II models and the ZX81 , which had a limited support for lower-case text. This changed as full support of ASCII became standard, allowing lower-case characters. Some Soviet computers , such as Radio-86RK , Vector-06C , Agat-7 , use 7-bit encoding called KOI-7N2, where capital Cyrillic letters replace lower-case Latin letters in
12154-413: Was developing a streaming application for mobile devices, allowing the network's subscribers – and in early reports, speculation that possibly non-subscription television subscribers would be allowed as well – to view Starz's series and film content. The app was released on October 9, 2012, for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch, and on May 7, 2013, for Android devices. An app for authenticated subscribers for
12272-430: Was established, with LIVE Entertainment as an output partner. By 1990, Carolco purchased the theatrical film rights to Spider-Man from producer Menahem Golan via his studio, 21st Century Film Corporation . Golan had previously tried and failed to produce a Spider-Man film for his former studio, the Cannon Group , and selling the film rights to Carolco—along with the home video rights to Columbia Pictures , and
12390-496: Was estimated to save the Navy $ 20 million a year and is compliant with current Internet protocol. An antiquated practice that still remains in use, especially by older American lawyers who grew up before the arrival of computers, is to use all caps text for text that is legally required to be emphasised and clearly readable. The practice dates to the period of typewriters, which generally did not offer bold text, small capitals, or
12508-606: Was forced to sell its shares in LIVE Entertainment to a group of investors led by Pioneer; it was later renamed Artisan Entertainment , which was bought by Lions Gate Entertainment in 2003. Cutbacks at Carolco also forced Carolco to make a deal with TriStar over the funding of the Stallone action film Cliffhanger : Carolco would have to sell full distribution rights in North America, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, and France to TriStar in exchange for half of
12626-429: Was frequently linked to the project as the director's choice for Doctor Octopus , and future Titanic star Leonardo DiCaprio was considered for the titular role, Peter Parker. Carolco also attempted to make Bartholomew vs. Neff , a comedy film that was to have been written and directed by John Hughes and would have starred Sylvester Stallone and John Candy . Though Carolco made several successful films in
12744-604: Was given its own slate of multiplex channels in the late 1990s. The first of these to debut was Starz! 2 in 1996, maintaining a set lineup of four different movies scheduled at the same times each day (inspired by the scheduling used by movie theaters ) with the slate of films changing each Friday. This was followed in 1997 by the debut of a joint venture with BET Networks called BET Movies: Starz! 3. Two additional multiplex channels began operations in May 1999. Starz! Family carried family-oriented theatrical and home video film releases,
12862-422: Was going through financial difficulties and was near bankruptcy. In 1986, Carolco purchased IVE in the hopes of "turning the company around." The deal was finalized a year later. This resulted in Carolco paying $ 43 million to HBO/Cannon Video (successor to Thorn-EMI Video) in exchange for the video rights to two of Carolco's upcoming releases, Angel Heart and Extreme Prejudice , allowing Carolco to relicense
12980-412: Was launched at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on February 1, 1994, primarily on cable systems operated by Tele-Communications Inc. ; the first two movies aired on the network were dramas released in 1992: respectively, Scent of a Woman and The Crying Game . The network was operated as a joint venture between TCI and Liberty Media (both companies were controlled by John Malone ), with TCI owning
13098-705: Was launched in Brazil , France , Germany , Ireland , Spain and the United Kingdom . In 2020, it became available in Argentina , Chile , and Italy . In March 2022, a 57% majority stake in Starzplay Arabia was acquired by a consortium, led by e& (formerly known as Etisalat) and the Abu Dhabi -based investment group ADQ . The deal was valued at $ 420m. In January 2021, Starzplay Arabia signed
13216-433: Was launched possibly in response to HBO's own family-oriented multiplex channel, HBO Family, which debuted three years earlier. The other service was Starz! Cinema, a channel featuring critically acclaimed independent films and movies outside the mainstream cinema. Starz! 2 was also renamed Starz! Theater to better reflect its format. The first changes made following the original rollout of the multiplex occurred in 2001, with
13334-756: Was made available on Netflix's "Watch Instantly" platform. It was the third subscription video-on-demand online streaming service operated by Starz: Starz Ticket operated from 2004 to 2006, under a joint venture between Starz Entertainment and RealNetworks. Starz launched Vongo, a separate online movie service for subscribers, which operated from 2006 until it was discontinued on September 30, 2008. On September 1, 2011, Starz announced that it would not renew its streaming agreement with Netflix, which ended on February 28, 2012; movie titles that are available on DVD from Sony Pictures , Disney and other studios that maintain pay television distribution deals with Starz were not affected and can be acquired from Netflix by this method. With
13452-553: Was mainly limited to TCI's systems at launch, debuting with a one-month free preview available to prospective subscribers; it would eventually sign its first major carriage agreement outside the TCI group, through a deal with Continental Cablevision in September 1995. Starz was available to an estimated 2.8 million pay television subscribers by 1996, only one million of whom had subscribed to a cable or satellite provider other than TCI. As
13570-521: Was purchased from a defunct company based in Panama, and according to Kassar, "it has no meaning." Carolco's first major success was First Blood (1982), an adaptation of David Morrell 's novel of the same name . Kassar and Vajna took a great risk buying the film rights to the novel (for $ 385,000) and used the help of European bank loans to cast Sylvester Stallone as the lead character, Vietnam War veteran John Rambo, after having worked with him on
13688-427: Was read somewhat faster than similar material printed in all capitals." Another study in 1928 showed that "all-capital text was read 11.8 percent slower than lower case, or approximately 38 words per minute slower", and that "nine-tenths of adult readers consider lower case more legible than all capitals". A 1955 study by Miles Tinker showed that "all-capital text retarded speed of reading from 9.5 to 19.0 percent for
13806-633: Was renamed the Starz Encore Media Group in 2000. As part of a corporate restructuring plan in 2003, Starz Encore Group eliminated 100 jobs in its nine regional offices, and closed four of the offices outright. On March 25, 2005, the Starz Encore Group corporate entity was renamed Starz Entertainment. A few days later, on March 28, 2005, Starz introduced a new logo, and was subsequently rebranded as "starz", in all lowercase. On November 19, 2009, Liberty Media spun off Starz into
13924-444: Was the highest-grossing film of the year and the most successful film in Carolco's history. Halfway through the year, Carolco formed a joint venture with New Line Cinema to found Seven Arts, a distribution company which primarily released much of Carolco's low-budget output. In 1991, syndicator Orbis Communications was renamed to Carolco Television, to better emphasize the Carolco connection. Also around this time, Carolco Home Video
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