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32-621: It was created in 1887 as an agency belonging to the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs , with the task of managing all state-owned railway lines in Sweden, and was transferred to the Ministry of Communications in 1920. In 1988, the rail tracks themselves were transferred to the Swedish Rail Administration ( Swedish : Banverket ), and in the upcoming years parts of SJ were gradually transformed into limited companies as

64-416: A governmental agency, mainly dealing with the leasing of rail vehicles, but otherwise had no regular railroad activities. It was dismantled at the end of 2012 when that role was fully taken over by Trafikverket . [REDACTED] Media related to Statens Järnvägar at Wikimedia Commons Ministry for Civil Service Affairs The Ministry for Civil Service Affairs ( Swedish : Civildepartementet )

96-401: A large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning. The Local Government Act of 1991 specifies several responsibilities for the municipalities, and provides outlines for local government, such as the process for electing the municipal assembly . It also regulates a process ( laglighetsprövning , "legality trial") through which any citizen can appeal

128-491: A practice adopted by the largest and most urban municipalities Stockholm , Gothenburg and Malmö . Thirteen municipalities altogether, some of them including considerable rural areas, have made this choice, which is unofficial and has no effect on the administrative status of the municipality. The practice can, however, create some confusion as the term stad nowadays normally refers to a larger built-up area and not to an administrative entity. The municipalities in Sweden cover

160-522: A result of the open access obligation introduced by EU Directive 91/440 . SJ was disbanded in 2001, with the assets transferred to seven separate companies, the first three owned by the Swedish government and the latter four being privatized: Some of them have been sold to other companies, but SJ AB, Green Cargo and Jernhusen are still fully government owned (as of January 2024). Apart from these companies, Statens Järnvägar after 2001 continued to exist as

192-416: The 1943 års kommunindelningskommitté ("Municipal subdivision commission of 1943") proposed that the number of rural municipalities should be drastically reduced. After years of preparations the first of the two nationwide municipal reforms of the 20th century was implemented in 1952. The number of rural municipalities was reduced from 2,281 to 816. The cities (by then 133) were not affected. Rather soon it

224-588: The Altamira in Northern Brazil (159,533 km ) are larger. (By comparison, the total area of the state of Lebanon is 10,452 km .) At any rate, several northern municipalities are larger than many counties in the more densely populated southern part of the country. The municipalities were earlier also divided into parishes , or församlingar . As these were subdivisions of the Church of Sweden ,

256-507: The Ministry of Communications (Transport) . In 1950, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was re-established for the wage and pension system. In 1969, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was completely emptied of its old contents and would instead be responsible for the county administrative boards, the municipalities and the national physical planning and then went by the name Ministry of Physical Planning and Local Government. In 1974,

288-450: The Ministry of Internal Affairs which was disestablished two years later. The Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was one of seven ministries that were established through the 1840 ministerial reform. The others were the Ministry of Justice , the Ministry for Foreign Affairs , the Ministry of Land Defence , the Ministry for Naval Affairs , the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs . In 1900, an eighth ministry

320-413: The Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of Communications (Transport) . The Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was re-established in 1950 and then handled the wage and pension system until 1969 when it became the Ministry of Local Government . In 1983, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was re-established and operated until 1996, when the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was transformed into

352-468: The Road and Waterway Construction Service Corps , the telegraph service, the railway service, the executive boards for canals and port works, the public insurance institutions and more. The number of people who were employed in the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs with associated government offices and institutions at the beginning of the 20th century amounted to about 35,000. Most of the matters belonging to

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384-806: The Royal Court and Palace Administration ( Slottsstaten ). In June 1996, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was reorganized into the Ministry of the Interior . In 1983, when the ministry was re-established, it was located at Tysta Marigången 2 and at Rödbodgatan 6 at Norrmalm in Stockholm. By 1984 it had moved across the street to Tegelbacken 2. In 1992, the ministry moved a couple blocks to Fredsgatan 8. Municipalities of Sweden The municipalities of Sweden ( Swedish : Sveriges kommuner ) are its lower-level local government entities . There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for

416-479: The Stockholm municipality is partially based on its own, separate municipal government law. The first local government acts were implemented on 1 January 1863. There were two acts, one for the cities and one for the countryside. The total number of municipalities was about 2,500. The rural municipalities were based on the country-side civil parishes or administrative parishes ( socknar ), often formed in

448-543: The Middle Ages around a church. The municipality acts of 1862 formally separated the civil municipalities from the parishes, establishing the municipality assembly as the decision-making body of rural municipalities and the church assembly as the decision-making body of parishes. The then 89 cities/towns ( städer ) (the same word is used for both city and town in Swedish) were based on the old chartered cities. There

480-597: The Ministry for Civil Service Affairs were presented, before the introduction of the ministerial reform (1840), by the State Secretary at the then Kammarexpeditionen ; some of the cases were presented by the State Secretary at the Trade and Finance Office ( Handels- och finansexpeditionen ). In 1920, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was replaced by two ministries: the Ministry of Social Affairs and

512-944: The Ministry for Civil Service Affairs were the following central government offices: the Swedish Post Office Board ( Generalpoststyrelsen ), the National Swedish Board of Health , the National Swedish Road Board ( Väg- och vattenbyggnadsstyrelsen ), the National Swedish Board of Telecommunications Services ( Telegrafstyrelsen ), the National Swedish Railway Board ( Järnvägsstyrelsen ), the National Swedish Insurance Office ( Riksförsäkringsanstalten ) and

544-653: The National Swedish Private Insurance Inspectorate ( Försäkringsinspektionen ). Sorting under this ministry was also: the King in Council 's commanding officer in addition to landsstaten  [ sv ] , the city administrations, government offices and officials, who did not hold judicial positions, the postal service, the medical service, the quarantine service, the staff of the road and waterway construction districts and

576-402: The amalgamation process too slow, and decided to speed it up by ending the voluntary aspect. In 1971 the unitary municipality ( kommun ) was introduced and the number of entities went down to 464; three years later it was 278. In one case ( Svedala Municipality ) the process was not accomplished until 1977. Most of the municipalities were soon consolidated, but in some cases the antagonism within

608-448: The blocks should ultimately lead to amalgamations. The target year was 1971, when all municipalities should be of uniform type and all the remaining formal differences in government and privileges between cities and rural municipalities should be abolished. The amalgamations within the "blocks" started in 1965 and more were accomplished in 1967 and 1969, when the number of municipalities dropped from 1006 to 848. The Riksdag, however, found

640-492: The church or education system) as well as legislative issues concerning insurance institutions and health insurance funds as well as compensation for occupational injuries. The cases were presented before the King by the head of the ministry, who was a cabinet minister and had the title "Minister and Head of the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs", but in everyday speech was usually called the minister for civil service affairs . For

672-407: The decisions of a local government to a county court . Municipal government in Sweden is similar to city commission government and cabinet-style council government . A legislative municipal assembly ( kommunfullmäktige ) of between 31 and 101 members (always an odd number) is elected from party-list proportional representation at municipal elections, held every four years in conjunction with

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704-617: The entire territory of the nation. Unlike the United States or Canada, there are no unincorporated areas . The municipalities in the north cover large areas of sparsely populated land. Kiruna , at 19,446 km , is sometimes held to be the world's largest "city" by area, although places like La Tuque, Quebec (28,421 km , official style Ville ), the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder in Western Australia (95,575.1 km and

736-553: The insurance and health insurance system as well as other social issues, concerning flammable oils and explosive goods and suchlike, concerning the borders of Sweden and the special status of the Laplanders , and finally in general all civil matters not assigned to another ministry. Among actual legal issues, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs' handling included issues concerning the establishment, repeal, amendment or declaration of municipal statutes (except those relating to

768-562: The name was changed to the Ministry of Local Government which then ceased on 31 December 1982. On 1 January 1983, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs came in its place as a pure ministry for issues concerning the public sector, for example for issues of working and employment conditions, co-determination and gender equality, Sweden's administrative division , rationalization and audit in central government, computer technology in public administration, statistics, public information, co-determination issues but also administrative matters concerning

800-435: The national general elections. The assembly in turn appoints a municipal executive committee ( kommunstyrelse ) from its members. The executive committee is headed by its chairman, ( Swedish : kommunstyrelsens ordförande ). Swedish municipalities generally employ one or more politicians as Municipal Commissioners, ( Swedish : kommunalråd ) one of which is usually the chairman of the executive committee. The government of

832-422: The new unities was so strong that it led to "divorces". The total number of municipalities has today risen to 290. The question of whether a new municipality will be created is at the discretion of the central Swedish government . It is recommended that the lower limit of a new municipality shall be 5,000 inhabitants. Some municipalities still use the term "City" (Swedish: stad ) when referring to themselves,

864-426: The preparation and handling of cases, the minister had at his disposal an office, which in 1906 consisted of a director general for administrative affairs ( expeditionschef ), four directors ( byråchef ) (deputy directors, kansliråd ), five administrative officers ( kanslisekreterare ), a senior registry clerk, an advisor assistant in the preparation of insurance matters and a number of extra ordinary officials. Under

896-487: The separation of church and state along with a shift in responsibility for the population registration in Sweden transferring to the Swedish Tax Agency led to a new formal subdivision called district. Districts have been in force since 2016. These districts correspond by and large to the previous parishes as they existed on 31 December 1999, without later amalgamations. Many of the districts still correspond to

928-470: Was a ministry in Sweden , established through the 1840 ministerial reform. The ministry and its most important areas of responsibility were agriculture, bergsrörelse , trade, shipping, factories, crafts and other industries, public roads and other communications. The ministry was headed by the minister for civil service affairs . In 1920, the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs was replaced by two ministries:

960-748: Was added: the Ministry of Agriculture . Through the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs, matters concerning the lantregeringen ( county administrative boards ) as well as rural municipalities , köping ' s and cities were prepared and presented – in accordance with the Royal Statute of 31 March 1900 and Royal Proclamation of 30 January 1903. Other matters were communications (excluding road, ferry and bridge maintenance issues), in particular rail and postal services, telegraphs, telephones and other electrical installations, road, waterway and port facilities, medical and quarantine services, public health as well as civilian health care institutions, concerning

992-429: Was also a third type, köping or market town. The status of these was somewhere between the rural municipalities and the cities. There were only eight of them in 1863, rising to a peak of 96 in 1959. Up until 1930, when the total number of municipalities reached its peak (2,532 entities), there were more partitions than amalgamations. In 1943 more than 500 of Sweden's municipalities had fewer than 500 inhabitants, and

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1024-536: Was established that the reform of 1952 was not radical enough. A new commission, 1959 års indelningssakkunniga ("Subdivision experts of 1959") concluded that the next municipal reform should create new larger mixed rural/urban municipalities. The Riksdag decided in 1962 that the new reform should be implemented on a voluntary basis. The process started in January 1964, when all municipalities were grouped in 282 kommunblock ("municipal blocks"). The co-operation within

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