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35-591: When the Swedish troupe, active on the theater since 1737, was fired in 1753 and replaced with the French Du Londel Troupe , half of the staff left for the countryside to work as a traveling theater company under Peter Lindahl and Johan Bergholtz, while the rest remained in Stockholm in an attempt to start a new theatre. In 1756, The actor Petter Stenborg applied and was given permission to lead

70-628: A new theatre was built specifically, called Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern—the Royal Dramatic Theatre, to distinguish it from the Royal Theatre (the opera stage). The king became the formal director and placed the theatre under Royal protection, to be ruled by the actors themselves by votes every fourteenth day under the supervision of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts . This rule was quite chaotic, and

105-539: A real house for the troupe, where they could perform all year. He found one at Eriksberg, thereby called the Eriksbergsteatern (Eriksberg Theater), but it was uncomfortably outside town. In 1784, he found the final location for the company at Munkbron, called the Munkbro Theater but commonly referred to as Stenborg Theater, who were the second most important theater in Stockholm until the monopoly of

140-424: A set salary, went on strike, knowing they had succeeded with a similar action against an unpopular director in 1828. This time, however, the strike was broken by the government, which gave some of them raised salaries and fired the others with pensions. The fired actors founded a theatre company that performed all around town, and in 1842, the theatre monopoly was broken and a second theatre was founded in Stockholm; by

175-497: A theater company in the city of Stockholm, and between 1758 and for twenty years forward, he performed as the director of a troupe of native actors in both Stockholm, in temporary locales, and touring the country, mostly in Finland , first in companionship with the tight-rope-walker von Carl Fredrik von Eckenberg; when the troupe visited Åbo in 1761, it was probably the first time a theatre troupe visited Finland. The Stenborg troupe

210-463: Is Sweden's national stage for "spoken drama", founded in 1788. Around one thousand shows are put on annually on the theatre's five running stages. The theatre has been at its present location in the Art Nouveau building at Nybroplan , Stockholm , since 1908. The theatre was built by the architect Fredrik Lilljekvist . Famous artists like Carl Milles and Carl Larsson were involved in making

245-486: Is most known for its activity in Stockholm, where it preserved a Swedish-speaking theater during a period when the French culture otherwise dominated the Swedish stage. The theatre did not have a good reputation among the upper-classes; the actors were from "the jail, soldiers, alcoholized lawyers, servants, and washing-women" , the costumes were from rag shops and the music from public-houses, (where they often performed), and

280-714: Is mostly remembered in history for interrupting the development of the Swedish theatre and replacing it with a theatre which was only understandable for those who could speak French; but the current view is that they made "The gracious French singing theatre" popular in Sweden, and thereby inspired to the foundation of the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the Royal Swedish Opera . Royal Dramatic Theatre The Royal Dramatic Theatre ( Swedish : Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern , colloquially Dramaten )

315-412: Is the present Royal Dramatic Theatre. Here the legendary theatre directors, brothers Olof and Gustaf Molander , Alf Sjöberg , and Ingmar Bergman formed the Swedish theatre and helped shape Sweden's theatrical history with their 20th-century performances. When mentioning the national stage in Sweden, the reference is generally the old Royal Dramatic Theatre (meaning Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern that

350-486: The Royal Dramatic Theatre closed it down in 1799. In 1804–09, Carl Stenborg toured in the countryside with his own troupe, which could be considered as the very least period of the Stenborg troupe. Until 1780, the troupe toured the country in both Sweden and Finland when it was not performing in Stockholm. When it performed in Stockholm, it used various localities until 1773. When the troupe left Stockholm to tour in

385-589: The 1850s, there were several theatres in the city, and the Royal Dramatic Theatre experienced heavy competition, especially from the Svenska teatern (Swedish Theatre) . There was much criticism about the sharing of localities between the opera and the theatre, as the localities of the Opera were built for singing and considered unsuitable for spoken drama. In 1863, the Royal Dramatic Theatre purchased

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420-482: The French theater company, and the Swedish actors, led by Petter Stenborg, saw their chance and asked to perform a play at the opening of the parliament of 1772. In the play, Stenborg asked the monarch to protect the native speaking theatre. At the opening of parliament in 1772, the troupe of Petter Stenborg appeared before King Gustav III and all the public in Bollhuset after the French troupe had left it, in which play

455-477: The Lindahl troupe and active at the Stenborg troupe until the 1790s and thereby one of the longest active actors in Sweden in the 18th century; and the prima donna Christina Catharina Lindberg, also earlier active in Bollhuset. The performances were often Harlequin -comedies, in which the star was Jean Löfblad, but also the old Swedish plays from Bollhuset and foreign plays, often from France. The most popular play

490-487: The Swedish Theatre instead of the national stage, as well as new German and French dramatic works, and the national stage was at the same time accused of being old, dusty and overcrowded. There was lively debate in the press on the subject of refurbishing the national stage at Kungsträdgården. Many different kinds of restoration were proposed, but King Oscar II was not satisfied with any of the suggestions. Instead,

525-583: The Swedish actors were turned out, which interrupted the development of the Swedish language theatre; the Swedish theatre formed the Stenborg Troupe . The Du Londel Troupe performed the latest plays from Paris and also ballets , but they largely remained a pleasure for those who could speak French. In 1771, the French Theatre was dissolved by Gustav III of Sweden , who wished to establish a Swedish-language national theatre. The Du Londel troupe

560-503: The Swedish countryside in May 1765, it was made of the following members: After the inauguration of the theatre at Humlegården during 1773, the troupe toured in Finland the winter of 1773–74, consisting of the following: When the troupe stopped being a traveling theatre troupe and moved into the Eriksbergsteatern in 1780 it was made of: Du Londel Troupe The Du Londel Troupe

595-629: The benefit of musician Petter Lillström, husband of Elisabeth Lillström actress in the Stenborg Troupe. At the performance of Jeppe på Berget by Holberg in 1763, the theatre on Kindstugatan , it was noted that the locale had places for three hundred spectators. Among the actors were former tailor Jean Löfblad, the Harlequin of the troupe; the Harlekin of the company, Fredric Neuman; Johanna Löfblad , earlier active both at Bollhuset and

630-481: The country to escape his creditors. The actors formed a company and asked for the king's protection, which led to the establishment of the national theatre. Sweden's national stage for dramatic art (spoken drama) was established by King Gustav III in 1788. It was then that the Royal Theatre ( Kungliga Teatern ) in Sweden was officially split in two, and the Royal Theatre (today known as the Royal Swedish Opera ) became thereafter solely an opera stage. For spoken drama

665-494: The court and the royal family and made a state theatre, which was completed in 1888. The new location that was eventually picked out for the new Royal Dramatic Theatre Nybroplan was closer to what was then becoming the heart of Stockholm and was beautifully situated by the waterfront. Fredrik Lilljekvist was appointed the head architect, and on February 18, 1908, the national stage's new theatre building at Nybroplan opened with Strindberg 's new play Mäster Olof . This building

700-437: The decision was soon made to completely tear down the old theatre building and to build a new, bigger, fresher and more modern one at a more suitable location. From the 1850s onwards, Stockholm as a city and as Sweden's definitive capital had changed considerably as had its centre. In 1881, the Royal Dramatic Theatre, which had until then been financed by the royal court—which gave the actors status as court staff—was separated from

735-512: The decorations, and some of the interior decorations were made by Prince Eugen . The theatre's acting school, the Royal Dramatic Training Academy , produced many actors and directors who would go on to be famous, including Gustaf Molander (who also taught there), Alf Sjöberg , Greta Garbo , Vera Schmiterlöw , Signe Hasso , Ingrid Bergman , Gunnar Björnstrand , Max von Sydow , and Bibi Andersson . The school

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770-583: The initiative of the Swedish queen, Louisa Ulrika of Prussia . The troupe followed the royal court between the royal palaces and performed on the court- theatres, such as the Drottningholm Theatre and Confidencen , but they also performed for the public in the theatre of Bollhuset in Stockholm during the Winter . After the season of 1753-54, the Stockholm theatre was reserved for them and

805-412: The old Palace building of the theatre caught fire and burned down in the middle of a performance. The theatre was now located in the same building as the Opera, an arrangement that was to continue for almost forty years. The middle of the 19th century was to mean changes both within and without the theatre. In 1834, the actors, infuriated by a new system that replaced their percent of the theatre income by

840-541: The old building was deemed to be to run down, and 1 November 1793, the theatre was opened in the Palace of Makalös , also called Arsenalen, where the theatre was to be located for the next thirty years; it was now often commonly called the Arsenal Theatre. In 1798, the theatres and operas of Stockholm were united by a royal monopoly, and the "Two Stages" ruled uncontested over the city for over forty years. In 1825,

875-407: The playhouse of an old rival theatre, Mindre teatern , and moved the theatre to it. Here the Royal Dramatic Theatre remained until 1907, and it was here new dramas of the 19th Century were performed: the pioneering plays of Ibsen and Chekov , as well as August Strindberg 's late dramatic works, for example Till Damaskus ( To Damascus ). But at the beginning of the 20th century, the playhouse

910-541: The plays was described as vulgar; these judgements were given by members of the upper classes, who preferred French theater, but the Stenborg Company was much appreciated by the public, who could not understand the French language at Bollhuset. They represented a native speaking theater in the 1750s and 1760s. During the period of 1754–71, Swedish plays were only performed in the city stage of Bollhuset two times; Syrinx (1761) and Herkules på skiljovägen (1762) to

945-477: The solemn performances in Bollhuset . Humlegårdsteatern became a very popular part of the city's summer life; the opera-performances Thetis och Phelée became Petis och Nasenblom , Acis och Galathea became Kasper och Dorotea . In 1780, Petter Stenborg retired, and his company was taken over by his son Carl Stenborg; he was a singer at the Opera and could not tour outside the city, and therefore searched for

980-408: The son of Stenborg, Carl, again asked for protection for the native theatre. The play was considered very bad by the nobility, but the public applauded it immensely, which was seen as a public appeal to open a theatre in the native language again. After this, the monarch decided to found a native speaking opera and theatre, though not with the Stenborg troupe. In 1773, the troupe, whose biggest problem

1015-420: The voting is described as capricious and temperamental: "The male actors arguing with each other, one of the ladies voting yes because another lady voted no, others of them counting their buttons and letting fate decide", and in 1803, the actors themselves asked for the system to be replaced by a director. The Royal Dramatic Theatre was located in the old premises at Bollhuset during its first years, but in 1792,

1050-478: Was The defended Venus , which was first performed in Bollhuset, and it was said, that whenever the theatre needed money and had to be sure to have a large audience, the gave this play. In 1770, the Houseghost and then The enchanted bridegroom by Holberg was performed, which was aroused attention as the first play was performed only by men, the latter only by women. In 1771, king Gustav III of Sweden fired

1085-690: Was a French 18th-century theatre troupe. From 1753 to 1771, it was active as the French Theatre of Sweden , where it played a great part in that country's theatre history. The French troupe performed in Copenhagen in Denmark in 1748–53. They also performed in Oslo in Norway during the king's stay there in 1749. The troupe was under the leadership of Jeanne Du Londel , widow of Jean Du Londel, and Pierre de Laynay in 1753, when they were invited to Sweden by

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1120-404: Was rundown and in desperate need of renovation and a more modern, functional stage. From the 1880s the national stage had suffered stiff competition from several new private theatres in Stockholm , in particular, the Svenska teatern (Swedish Theatre) , which was run by the charismatic theatre personality Albert Ranft . Many of the original Swedish stagings of Ibsen 's plays had been produced at

1155-440: Was split off as a separate institution in 1967 (see Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting ). The first Swedish theatre opened in Bollhuset and Lejonkulan in 1667 and employed only foreign companies. While the plays were sometimes open to the public, it remained more or less a court theatre. The first Swedish play, Den Svenska Sprätthöken , was performed in 1737 by the first Swedish theatre company. The Swedish theatre

1190-418: Was the difficulty of getting venues, and had to move from one place to the next over the years. Finally, they found a good place to perform; the so-called Humlegårdsteatern , "The Humlegården Theatre", where they performed every summer until 1780. This was described as a sort of pavilion, Rotundan, in the public park Humlegården . Here, they played simple comedies in the native language, sometimes caricatures of

1225-427: Was turned out of their playhouse by Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia after the 1753–54 season, and the playhouse was given to a French company . In 1771, king Gustav III fired the French company and encouraged Swedish talents, and thus, the Royal Swedish Opera was founded in Bollhuset. A theatre of spoken drama was founded by Fredrik Ristell in the same building in 1787, but was not to last long. In 1788 Ristell fled

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