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52-511: It was originally built in 1958 as the University of Tennessee Armory-Fieldhouse to accommodate larger on-campus crowds. It originally housed 7,800 people in the elongated building, with permanent seating in the west end and temporary seating lining the rest of the arena, which was also used for the ROTC, indoor track, and other events. Arguably, the most famous basketball game occurred during

104-644: A work for hire (e.g., hired to write a city tour guide by a municipal government that totally owns the copyright to the finished work), or when writing material using intellectual property owned by others (such as when writing a novel or screenplay that is a new installment in an already established media franchise). In the United States, the Copyright Clause of the Constitution of the United States ( Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 ) provides

156-431: A certain number of copies had sold. In Canada, this practice occurred during the 1890s, but was not commonplace until the 1920s. Established and successful authors may receive advance payments, set against future royalties, but this is no longer common practice. Most independent publishers pay royalties as a percentage of net receipts – how net receipts are calculated varies from publisher to publisher. Under this arrangement,

208-502: A combined 52 points and 33 rebounds, while future NBA coaching legend, Pat Riley, led Kentucky with 22 points. Tennessee finished 20-8, while Kentucky went on to the NCAA Championship game, where they bowed to Texas Western (now UTEP), 72-65, at Maryland's Cole Fieldhouse, and finished 27-2. The historic championship game featured the all-black starting five of Texas Western against the all-white starting five of Kentucky. By

260-469: A different habitat in a different part of the country. The programme was a rating success, regularly featuring in the top 30 watched programmes of the week. 2013 also saw Mears write My Outdoor Life , which was a Sunday Times bestseller. In 2014, he presented Wilderness Walks , where he visited six areas of natural beauty across the United Kingdom. Each episode would see Mears spend day in

312-588: A government scheme such as the ELR (educational lending right) and PLR (public lending right) schemes in Australia. Under these schemes, authors are paid a fee for the number of copies of their books in educational and/or public libraries. These days, many authors supplement their income from book sales with public speaking engagements, school visits, residencies, grants, and teaching positions. Ghostwriters , technical writers, and textbooks writers are typically paid in

364-465: A location exploring the local wildlife and offering advice on how to find wild food and make the most of natural resources. In 2015 he presented Wild River , a one-off episode where he explores the wildlife around the River Wye. 2016 saw him present Wild Australia where he explored the wildlife of several locations both on land and in the sea, coming across several iconic Australian species, such as

416-753: A seven part series, where he visited a range of habitats and looked at several iconic animals, including Snow Leopards and Giants Pandas . Mears met his first wife, Rachel, in 1992 when she attended one of his five-day survival courses. The couple lived in Eastbourne , East Sussex with her two adult children and married in 2005, after Rachel was diagnosed with breast cancer . Rachel died in 2006, aged 50, and her ashes are scattered in Ashdown Forest near their home. Mears married again in 2009 to Ruth. They live in Sussex with her stepson. In 2019 he

468-455: A win just to tie for 3rd in the SEC. On March 5, 1966, a standing room only crowd of over 7500 in the old UT Armory Fieldhouse (later that year expanded to over 12,000 and renamed Stokely Athletic Center, noted below) witnessed the upset of college basketball's regular season. The Vols led almost the entire way, winning 69-62. Two sport star Ron Widby, Red Robbins and Howard Bayne led Tennessee with

520-416: A work does not have to be sought in the one who produced it, "as if it were always in the end, through the more or less transparent allegory of the fiction, the voice of a single person, the author 'confiding' in us." The psyche, culture, fanaticism of an author can be disregarded when interpreting a text, because the words are rich enough themselves with all of the traditions of language. To expose meanings in

572-443: A work is an act of authorship . Thus, a sculptor , painter , or composer , is an author of their respective sculptures, paintings, or compositions, even though in common parlance, an author is often thought of as the writer of a book , article , play , or other written work . In the case of a work for hire , the employer or commissioning party is considered the author of the work, even if they did not write or otherwise create

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624-587: A work of 'authorship' a work must be created by a human being". More recently, questions have arisen as to whether images or text created by a generative artificial intelligence have an author. Holding the title of "author" over any "literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, [or] certain other intellectual works" gives rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, especially the exclusive right to engage in or authorize any production or distribution of their work. Any person or entity wishing to use intellectual property held under copyright must receive permission from

676-448: A written work and producing the interpretation or meaning in a written work that both Barthes and Foucault are interested in. Foucault warns of the risks of keeping the author's name in mind during interpretation, because it could affect the value and meaning with which one handles an interpretation. Literary critics Barthes and Foucault suggest that readers should not rely on or look for the notion of one overarching voice when interpreting

728-436: A written work without appealing to the celebrity of an author, their tastes, passions, vices, is, to Barthes, to allow language to speak, rather than author. Michel Foucault argues in his essay "What is an author?" (1969) that all authors are writers, but not all writers are authors. He states that "a private letter may have a signatory—it does not have an author." For a reader to assign the title of author upon any written work

780-537: A written work, because of the complications inherent with a writer's title of "author." They warn of the dangers interpretations could suffer from when associating the subject of inherently meaningful words and language with the personality of one authorial voice. Instead, readers should allow a text to be interpreted in terms of the language as "author." Self-publishing is a model where the author takes full responsibility and control of arranging financing, editing, printing, and distribution of their own work. In other words,

832-736: Is a British woodsman, instructor, businessman, author and TV presenter . His TV appearances cover bushcraft and survival techniques . He is best known for the TV series Ray Mears' Bushcraft , Ray Mears' World of Survival , Extreme Survival , Survival with Ray Mears , Wild Britain with Ray Mears and Ray Mears Goes Walkabout . Mears grew up on the North Downs , in Southern England. He attended Downside Preparatory School in Purley and then Reigate Grammar School , where he

884-399: Is not one of harmony and neutrality. In particular for the writer, their authorship in their work makes their work part of their identity, and there is much at stake personally over the negotiation of authority over that identity. However, it is the editor who has "the power to impose the dominant definition of the writer and therefore to delimit the population of those entitled to take part in

936-418: Is to attribute certain standards upon the text which, for Foucault, are working in conjunction with the idea of "the author function." Foucault's author function is the idea that an author exists only as a function of a written work, a part of its structure, but not necessarily part of the interpretive process. The author's name "indicates the status of the discourse within a society and culture," and at one time

988-591: The United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of 'original works of authorship. ' " Some works are considered to be authorless. For example, the monkey selfie copyright dispute in the 2010s involved photographs taken by Celebes crested macaques using equipment belonging to a nature photographer. The photographer asserted authorship of the photographs, which the United States Copyright Office denied, stating: "To qualify as

1040-411: The 1972 MGM documentary Elvis on Tour . Other famous artists to appear at Stokely include Chicago , Elton John , Janis Joplin , Jimmy Buffett , Led Zeppelin , Tina Turner , and Whitney Houston . When Thompson–Boling Arena opened and took over then mantle of being Knoxville's dominant concert venue, several acts that had played Stokely in the 1970s and 1980s began to play Thompson-Boling Arena from

1092-773: The BBC with the result that he was not offered the opportunity to present wildlife programmes. Mears was a guest on BBC Radio 4 's Desert Island Discs in January 2014. In 2009, he was awarded the prestigious Mungo Park Medal . In July 2010, Mears was asked by Northumbria Police to help them track fugitive killer Raoul Moat , after he fled his temporary tent-based shelter in the village of Rothbury . Between 2010 and 2013 he presented three series of Wild Britain on ITV. The first series consisted of six 45 minute episodes, while series two and three had ten episodes of programmes lasting half an hour. Each programme would see Mears visit

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1144-517: The Congress with the power of "securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries". The language regarding authors was derived from proposals by Charles Pinckney , "to secure to authors exclusive rights for a limited time", and by James Madison , "to secure to literary authors their copyrights for a limited time", or, in the alternative, "to encourage, by proper premiums & Provisions,

1196-506: The NCAA Mideast regionals in the building. Besides serving as the home of the indoor track and field team, it was the home of the women's athletics offices. After the basketball teams moved to Thompson-Boling Arena in 1987, Stokely served as an alternate site when the larger arena was booked for events. Another memorable basketball game played at Stokely didn't even involve a UT team. The NCAA Mideast Regional Final (AKA "The Dream Game")

1248-462: The Red Kangaroo and Platypus. He then presented six episodes of Wild France , travelling around the country and looking at its wildlife. Following the same format as his previous series, each programme focused on a different environment. He returned to Australia in 2017, presenting the seven part-series Australian Wilderness with Ray Mears. In 2021, he presented Wild China with Ray Mears ,

1300-614: The advancement of useful knowledge and discoveries". Both proposals were referred to the Committee of Detail , which reported back a proposal containing the final language, which was incorporated into the Constitution by unanimous agreement of the convention. In literary theory, critics find complications in the term author beyond what constitutes authorship in a legal setting. In the wake of postmodern literature , critics such as Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault have examined

1352-407: The author also acts as the publisher of their work. With commissioned publishing, the publisher makes all the publication arrangements and the author covers all expenses. The author of a work may receive a percentage calculated on a wholesale or a specific price or a fixed amount on each book sold. Publishers, at times, reduced the risk of this type of arrangement, by agreeing only to pay this after

1404-410: The author does not pay anything towards the expense of publication. The costs and financial risk are all carried by the publisher, who will then take the greatest percentage of the receipts. See Compensation for more. Vanity publishers normally charge a flat fee for arranging publication, offer a platform for selling, and then take a percentage of the sale of every copy of a book. The author receives

1456-421: The book sales are not the publishers' main source of income, but instead the fees that the authors are charged to initially produce the book are. Because of this, the vanity publishers need not invest in making books marketable as much as other publishers need to. This leads to low quality books being introduced to the market. The relationship between the author and the editor , often the author's only liaison to

1508-480: The copyright holder to use this work, and often will be asked to pay for the use of copyrighted material. The copyrights on intellectual work expire after a certain time. It enters the public domain , where it can be used without limit. Copyright laws in many jurisdictions – mostly following the lead of the United States, in which the entertainment and publishing industries have very strong lobbying power – have been amended repeatedly since their inception, to extend

1560-445: The crew who was badly hurt. In 2009, Mears was approached by ITV to present a planned revival of the nature documentary series Survival . The resulting three-part series was rebranded Survival with Ray Mears and broadcast on ITV1 in 2010. Each episode followed Mears as he used his tracking skills to locate bears, wolves and leopards. In a Radio Times interview to promote the series, Mears complained of being typecast by

1612-664: The end of 2012. The bookstore located in the Center would be moving, along with any remaining athletic offices. The old venue would be prepared for demolition to be determined at a later date. Demolition of Stokley Athletic Center and the adjacent Gibbs Hall began in January 2014 and was complete by mid-summer of the same year. Construction began immediately on the former site of a new residence hall and parking garage. 35°57′04″N 83°55′46″W  /  35.951226°N 83.929442°W  / 35.951226; -83.929442 Ray Mears Raymond Paul Mears (born 7 February 1964)

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1664-437: The focus from the reader-audience and putting a strain on the relationship between authors and editors and on writing as a social act. Even the book review by the editors has more significance than the readership's reception. Authors rely on advance fees, royalty payments, adaptation of work to a screenplay, and fees collected from giving speeches. A standard contract for an author will usually include provision for payment in

1716-488: The form of an advance and royalties. Usually, an author's book must earn the advance before any further royalties are paid. For example, if an author is paid a modest advance of $ 2000, and their royalty rate is 10% of a book priced at $ 20 – that is, $ 2 per book – the book will need to sell 1000 copies before any further payment will be made. Publishers typically withhold payment of a percentage of royalties earned against returns. In some countries, authors also earn income from

1768-507: The historic 1965-66 season. Kentucky had defeated Tennessee 78-64, in Lexington, on February 26, 1966. Notably, Howard Bayne was unable to play for the Vols in that game due to an injured ankle. Kentucky had the next week off, while Tennessee won at Georgia Tech on February 28, 1966, 58-47. Kentucky came into the rematch ranked #1 in the country and was undefeated, at 23-0. Tennessee needed

1820-431: The late 1980s onward. On March 31, 1980, one of the greatest upsets in boxing history took place at Stokely when WBA Heavyweight champion John Tate was knocked out in the 15th round by underdog challenger Mike Weaver . Tate had a substantial lead on all three scorecards and there were only 45 seconds left in the fight. In December 2012, it was announced that Stokely Athletic Center would be shutting down all operations by

1872-529: The length of this fixed period where the work is exclusively controlled by the copyright holder. Technically, someone owns their work from the time it's created. A notable aspect of authorship emerges with copyright in that, in many jurisdictions, it can be passed down to another, upon one's death. The person who inherits the copyright is not the author, but has access to the same legal benefits. Intellectual property laws are complex. Works of fiction involve trademark law , likeness rights , fair use rights held by

1924-413: The mid-1960s the fieldhouse was becoming obsolete for its size, in no small part due to the Vols' rise to prominence under coach Ray Mears . A $ 500,000 gift from industrialist William B. Stokely, Jr., was the impetus for an expansion to 12,700 seats in 1966, when the building was renamed for Stokely and his family. The cornerstone for the expansion was laid on May 7, 1966. Permanent seating was installed on

1976-468: The other three sides, including balcony seating on the north and south sides. The arena had originally been designed to expand to 12,000 people in the original layout. Stokely was the home of many great teams, including several SEC titles. It also served as the home of the women's basketball team from midway through the 1976-77 season until the end of the 1986-87 season, which was also the year of their first NCAA women's basketball championship. They hosted

2028-479: The process of its production. Every line of written text is a mere reflection of references from any of a multitude of traditions, or, as Barthes puts it, "the text is a tissue of quotations drawn from the innumerable centers of culture"; it is never original. With this, the perspective of the author is removed from the text, and the limits formerly imposed by the idea of one authorial voice, one ultimate and universal meaning, are destroyed. The explanation and meaning of

2080-590: The public (including the right to parody or satirize ), and many other interacting complications. Authors may portion out the different rights that they hold to different parties at different times, and for different purposes or uses, such as the right to adapt a plot into a film, television series, or video game. If another party chooses to adapt the work, they may have to alter plot elements or character names in order to avoid infringing previous adaptations. An author may also not have rights when working under contract that they would otherwise have, such as when creating

2132-498: The publishing company, is typically characterized as the site of tension. For the author to reach their audience, often through publication, the work usually must attract the attention of the editor. The idea of the author as the sole meaning-maker of necessity changes to include the influences of the editor and the publisher to engage the audience in writing as a social act. There are three principal kinds of editing: Pierre Bourdieu 's essay "The Field of Cultural Production" depicts

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2184-405: The publishing industry as a "space of literary or artistic position-takings," also called the "field of struggles," which is defined by the tension and movement inherent among the various positions in the field. Bourdieu claims that the "field of position-takings [...] is not the product of coherence-seeking intention or objective consensus," meaning that an industry characterized by position-takings

2236-415: The rest of the money made. Most materials published this way are for niche groups and not for large audiences. Vanity publishing, or subsidy publishing, is stigmatized in the professional world. In 1983, Bill Henderson defined vanity publishers as people who would "publish anything for which an author will pay, usually at a loss for the author and a nice profit for the publisher." In subsidy publishing,

2288-465: The role and relevance of authorship to the meaning or interpretation of a literary text. Barthes challenges the idea that a text can be attributed to any single author. He writes, in his essay "Death of the Author" (1968), that "it is language which speaks, not the author." The words and language of a text itself determine and expose meaning for Barthes, and not someone possessing legal responsibility for

2340-459: The struggle to define the writer". As "cultural investors," publishers rely on the editor position to identify a good investment in "cultural capital" which may grow to yield economic capital across all positions. According to the studies of James Curran, the system of shared values among editors in Britain has generated a pressure among authors to write to fit the editors' expectations, removing

2392-586: The trademarking of the name "Ray Mears". Mears first appeared on television in 1994 presenting the BBC series Tracks and then, in 1997, Ray Mears' World of Survival . In 2003, he presented the BBC documentary Ray Mears' Real Heroes of Telemark about the Norwegian heavy water sabotage mission during World War II . In 2003, Mears won The Ness Award . While filming a documentary in Wyoming , US in 2005, Mears

2444-409: The work, but merely instructed another individual to do so. Typically, the first owner of a copyright is the person who created the work, i.e. the author. If more than one person created the work, then a case of joint authorship takes place. Copyright laws differ around the world. The United States Copyright Office , for example, defines copyright as "a form of protection provided by the laws of

2496-655: Was a member of the Royal Navy section of the Combined Cadet Force . Mears's ambition was to join the Royal Marines , but he could not meet the eyesight requirements for entry. After taking A-levels , Mears briefly worked in an office in the City of London . In 1983, Mears founded Woodlore, a company that offers bushcraft-related courses and paraphernalia. It became so successful that it soon led to

2548-417: Was awarded an honorary degree from the University of York 's archaeology department for "...his excellent representation of craft, the wilderness and public outreach." Author This is an accepted version of this page In legal discourse, an author is the creator of an original work that has been published, whether that work is in written, graphic, or recorded medium. The creation of such

2600-403: Was involved in a serious accident. The helicopter in which he and his camera crew were travelling hit the ground during a steep low level turn, and broke apart, rolling to a stop. The fuel tank was ruptured in the accident and escaping fuel covered Mears and the crew. No fire occurred, and Mears was able to escape the wreckage uninjured and assist in the rescue and administer first aid to one of

2652-463: Was played there on March 26, 1983, with Louisville beating Kentucky 80-68 in overtime. It was the first game between the two since the 1959 NCAA tournament. Stokely also was one of Knoxville's premier concert venues during its heyday. Elvis Presley appeared at Stokely on April 8, 1972, March 15, 1974, and May 20, 1977. Portions of the 1972 shows, and other scenes around Knoxville and at McGhee Tyson Airport , were filmed and brief moments were included in

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2704-403: Was used as an anchor for interpreting a text, a practice which Barthes would argue is not a particularly relevant or valid endeavor. Expanding upon Foucault's position, Alexander Nehamas writes that Foucault suggests "an author [...] is whoever can be understood to have produced a particular text as we interpret it," not necessarily who penned the text. It is this distinction between producing

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