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37-637: The Straits Settlements Volunteer Force ( SSVF ) was a military reserve force in the Straits Settlements , while they were under British rule. While the majority of the personnel were from Singapore , some lived in other parts of the Settlements, including Penang , Province Wellesley , Malacca and Labuan . The SSVF had its origins in the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps (SVRC), formed in 1854. The SVRC

74-631: A brief period of training which could be expanded during wartime. Prussia could draw upon a large number of trained soldiers in subsequent wars, and the system was retained by the Imperial German Army into the First World War . By the time of the German Empire , reservists were given "war arrangements" after completion of their military service with instructions for the conduct of reservists in wartime. In countries such as

111-467: A call-up (obvious to adversaries) can display determination, boost morale, and deter aggression. Many reservists see voluntary training as merely for supplemental income or a hobby, and so reservists are inexpensive to maintain, their cost being limited to training and occasional deployments. The skills of reservists have been valuable in peacekeeping because they can be employed for the reconstruction of infrastructure, and tend to have better relations with

148-526: A contract to perform military service as reservists, and have not reached the upper age limit. Non-commissioned officers-reservists have civilian status, except for the days when they are carrying out their military duties. Reserve non-commissioned officers have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. Non-commissioned officers-reservists are subject to mobilization in wartime first. Reserve non-commissioned officers (non-reservists) are divided into categories which determine

185-553: A military and civilian career, such as members of the United Kingdom's Army Reserve , experience time demands not experienced by regular troops which affect their availability and length of service. National service The length and nature of national service depends on the country in question. In some instances, national service is compulsory, and citizens living abroad can be called back to their country of origin to complete it. In other cases, national service

222-515: A military reserve force is a group of citizens who have signed contracts to perform military service as reservists, who were appointed to positions in particular military units , and who are involved in all operational, mobilization, and combat activities of these units (active reserve). Other citizens who do not sign a contract (the inactive reserve) can be mobilized and deployed on an involuntary basis. Some countries' 18th-century military systems included practices and institutions which functioned as

259-617: A military reserve force, such as the United States National Guard and the Norwegian , Swedish and Danish Home Guard . In some countries (including Colombia, Israel, Norway, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, and Taiwan), reserve service is compulsory for a number of years after completing national service . In countries with conscription , such as Switzerland and Finland, reserve forces are citizens who have completed active duty military service but have not reached

296-406: A part-time basis. They have civilian status, except for the days when they are carrying out their military duties (usually two or three days each month and attendance at a two-to-four-week military training camp once per year). Most reserve enlisted personnel are former active duty soldiers, sailors, and airmen, but some join the reserve without an active-duty background. When their contract expires,

333-660: A reserve force, even if they were not designated as such. For example, the half-pay system in the British Army provided the country with trained, experienced officers not on active duty during peacetime but available during wartime. The Militia Act of 1757 gave Britain an institutional structure for a reserve force. Although contemporaries debated the effectiveness of the British militia , its mobilization in several conflicts increased Britain's strategic options by freeing regular forces for overseas theaters. Reservists first played

370-439: A reserve soldier, sailor or airman becomes a retired soldier, sailor or airman. In countries with conscription, reserve enlisted personnel are soldiers, sailors, and airmen who are not on active duty and have not reached the upper age limit established by law. In addition to the upper age limit, intermediate age limits determine the priority of wartime mobilization (younger ages are more subject to mobilization). These limits divide

407-480: A reserve soldier, sailor or airman when their contract expires, and retires at the upper age limit. In countries with a volunteer military, reserve non-commissioned officers are military personnel with relevant rank who have contracted to perform military service on a part-time basis. They have civilian status, except for military duty. Most reserve non-commissioned officers are former active-duty NCOs, but some become reserve NCOs without an active-duty background. When

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444-447: A retired NCO at the upper age limit. Their main sources of NCOs are: In countries which combine conscription and a volunteer military, reserve NCOs are divided into two categories: non-commissioned officers - reservists and reserve non-commissioned officers. Non-commissioned officers-reservists have signed a contract to perform military service on a part-time basis. Reserve non-commissioned officers are not on active duty, have not signed

481-702: A significant role in Europe after the Prussian defeat in the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt . On 9 July 1807, in the Treaties of Tilsit , Napoleon forced Prussia to drastically reduce its military strength and cede large amounts of territory. The Prussian army was limited to a maximum of 42,000 men. The Krumpersystem , introduced to the Prussian Army by military reformer Gerhard von Scharnhorst , gave recruits

518-454: A time, although typically not for as long as active duty soldiers. In countries with a volunteer military , reserve forces maintain military skills by training periodically (typically one weekend per month). They may do so as individuals or as members of standing reserve regiments—for example, the UK's Army Reserve . A militia , home guard , state guard or state military may constitute part of

555-526: A volunteer military, reserve warrant officers are military personnel with relevant rank who have signed a contract to perform military service on a part-time basis. They have civilian status, except for the days when they are carrying out their military duties. Most reserve warrant officers are former active duty warrant officers. The main sources of reserve warrant officers are military schools and reserve warrant-officers courses. In countries with conscription, reserve warrant officers are military personnel with

592-483: A volunteer military, reserve officers are personnel with an officer's commission who have signed a contract to perform part-time military service. They have civilian status, except when carrying out their military duties. Most reserve officers are former active-duty officers, but some become reserve officers after promotion. The main sources of reserve officers are: In countries with conscription, reserve officers are officers who are not on active duty and have not reached

629-573: Is Selective Service . In the United States, voluntary enrollments at the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps are also known as national service. Around 100 AD, Plutarch quoted an early case for national service made by a Roman general sometime around the 5th century BC: With the politic design of preventing intestine broils by employment abroad, and in the hope that when rich as well as poor, plebeians and patricians, should be mingled again in

666-585: Is an example of such a reserve. With universal conscription, most of the male population may be reservists. All men in Finland belong to the reserve until 60 years of age, and 65 percent of each age cohort of men are drafted and receive at least six months of military training. Ten percent of conscripts are trained as reserve officers. Reservists and reserve officers are occasionally called up for refresher exercises , but receive no monthly salary or position. South Korean males who finish their national service in

703-615: Is to be available when their military requires additional manpower. Reserve forces are generally considered part of a permanent standing body of armed forces, and allow a nation to reduce its peacetime military expenditures and maintain a force prepared for war. During peacetime, reservists typically serve part-time alongside a civilian job, although most reserve forces have a significant permanent full-time component as well. Reservists may be deployed for weeks or months-long missions during peacetime to support specific operations. During wartime, reservists may be kept in service for months or years at

740-485: Is voluntary. Many young people spend one or more years in such programmes. Compulsory military service typically requires all citizens to enroll for one or two years, usually at age 18 (later for university-level students). Most conscripting countries conscript only men, but Norway , Sweden , Israel , Eritrea , Morocco and North Korea conscript both men and women. Voluntary national service may require only three months of basic military training. The US equivalent

777-550: The armed forces or in the national police are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to take several days of annual military training for seven years. In wartime, reserve personnel may provide replacements for combat losses or be used to form new units. Reservists can provide garrison duty, manning air defense , internal security and guarding of important points such as supply depots , prisoner of war camps, communications nodes, air and sea bases and other vital areas, freeing regular troops for service on

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814-565: The 1930s, an increasing number of men of the various nationalities in the Settlements — predominantly European , Malay , Chinese , Indian and Eurasian — joined the SSVF. It included naval, air force, special operations , irregular units (such as Dalforce ) and home guard units. The SSVF — including four infantry battalions — took part in the Battle of Singapore in 1942, and most of its members were captured on 15 February 1942 when their positions were overrun. The SSVF

851-815: The SSVF infantry was re-organised into 4 battalions. The 1st and 2nd battalions consisted of members of the Singapore Volunteer Corps (1,250 men), the 3rd battalion consisted of the Penang & Province Wellesley Volunteer Corps (916 men) and the 4th Battalion consisted of the Malacca Volunteer Corps (675 men). Besides the infantry, the rest of the SSVF consisted of the Singapore Royal Artillery, Singapore Royal Engineers, Singapore Armoured Car Company and 3 ambulance units. As international tensions heightened during

888-557: The United States, reservists are often former military members who reached the end of their enlistment or resigned their commission. Service in the reserve for a number of years after leaving active service is required in the enlistment contracts and commissioning orders of many nations. Reservists can also be civilians who undertake basic and specialized training in parallel with regular forces while retaining their civilian roles. They can be deployed independently, or their personnel may make up shortages in regular units. Ireland's Army Reserve

925-400: The civilian population than career soldiers. Reservists are usually provided with second-line equipment which is no longer used by the regular army , or is an older version of that in current service. Reservists also have little experience with newer weapons systems. Reservists who are retired service personnel are sometimes considered less motivated than regular troops. Reservists who combine

962-609: The contract expires, a reserve NCO becomes a retired NCO. The main sources of reserve NCOs are: In countries with conscription, reserve NCOs are military personnel with relevant rank who are not on active duty and have not reached the upper age limit. In addition to the upper age limit, intermediate age limits determine the priority of wartime mobilization (younger ages are subject to mobilization first). Reserve NCOs are subject to mandatory short-term military training in peacetime. They have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. A reserve NCO becomes

999-414: The front. In peacetime, reservists can be used for internal-security duties and disaster relief, sparing the regular military forces. In many countries where military roles outside warfare are restricted, reservists are exempted from these restrictions. In countries with a volunteer army, reserve enlisted personnel are soldiers, sailors, and airmen who have signed contracts to perform military service on

1036-492: The military, and skills attained in a number of professions are useful in the military. In many countries, reserve forces have capable people who would not otherwise consider a career in the military. A large reserve pool can allow a government to avoid the costs, political and financial, of new recruits or conscripts. Reservists are usually more economically effective than regular troops, since they are called up as needed, rather than being always on duty. Preparations to institute

1073-455: The priority of wartime mobilization (younger ages are subject to mobilization first) – Первый разряд , Второй разряд , and Третий разряд in Russia. Upon expiration of the contract, a non-commissioned officer-reservist becomes a reserve non-commissioned officer. A reserve NCO becomes a retired NCO at the upper age limit. The main sources of reserve NCOs are: In countries with

1110-453: The relevant rank who are not on active duty and have not reached the upper age limit. In addition to the upper-age limit, intermediate age limits determine wartime mobilization priority; younger officers are mobilized first. The main sources of reserve warrant officers are promotion during active-duty service or short-term peacetime training, assessment after demobilization, military schools, and reserve warrant-officer courses. In countries with

1147-494: The reserve into categories, such as the Swiss Auszug , Landwehr , and Landsturm . Reserve soldiers, sailors, and airmen are subject to mandatory short-term military training in peacetime, as regulated by law. Reserve soldiers, sailors, and airmen have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. A reserve soldier, sailor or airman becomes a retired soldier, sailor or airman at

Straits Settlements Volunteer Force - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-412: The upper age limit established by law. These citizens are subject to mandatory mobilization in wartime and short-term military training in peacetime. In countries which combine conscription and a volunteer military, such as Russia, "military reserve force" has two meanings. In a broad sense, a military reserve force is a group of citizens who can be mobilized as part of the armed forces. In a narrow sense,

1221-423: The upper age limit. In countries which combine conscription and a volunteer military, reserve soldiers, sailors, and airmen are divided into two categories: reservists and reserve enlisted personnel. Reservists sign a contract to perform military service on a part-time basis. Reserve enlisted personnel are not on active duty, have not signed a contract to perform military service as reservists, and have not reached

1258-646: The upper age limit. Reservists have civilian status, except when they are performing military duties. Reserve enlisted personnel have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. Reservists are first subject to mobilization in wartime. Reserve enlisted soldiers, sailors, and airmen are divided into categories which determine the priority of wartime mobilization (younger personnel are mobilized first), such as Первый разряд (first category), Второй разряд (second category) and Третий разряд (third category) in Russia . A reservist becomes

1295-422: The upper age limit. The main sources of reserve officers are: In countries with conscription and volunteers, the main sources of reserve officers are: Military reserve personnel quickly increase available manpower substantially with trained personnel. Reservists may contain experienced combat veterans who can increase the quantity and quality of a force. Reservists also tend to have training in professions outside

1332-554: Was disbanded in 1887 and an artillery corps named, the Singapore Volunteer Artillery Corps (SVA) was formed in 1888. In 1915 it helped suppress the mutiny of Sepoys in Singapore . The SSVF was officially formed in 1922, following the amalgamation of the Singapore Volunteer Corps, Penang and Province Wellesley Volunteer Corps, Malacca Volunteer Corps, and Labuan Volunteer Defence Detachment. In 1928,

1369-537: Was reconstituted in 1948. In 1954, the Singapore Volunteer Corps was absorbed into the Singapore Military Forces when the SSVF was disbanded. By World War II, there were four infantry battalions under SSVF. The battalions were : Military reserve force A military reserve force is a military organization whose members ( reservists ) have military and civilian occupations. They are not normally kept under arms , and their main role

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