11-721: The Suurberg (also Zuurberg or Suurberge ) is a mountain range near the Addo Elephant National Park in the southern Sarah Baartman District Municipality of the Eastern Cape , South Africa. The range of some 70 kilometres long (west to east) is situated at the eastern end of the Cape Fold Belt , and rises just north of the towns of Kirkwood and Bontrug (in the Sundays River Valley ), and Paterson further east. Its rugged terrain
22-521: A variety of antelope species. Lion and spotted hyena have also recently been re-introduced to the area. The largest remaining population of the flightless dung beetle ( Circellium bacchus ) is located within the park. Two major environmental issues facing the AENP: extinction and overpopulation , which are interrelated. Since the AENP's original mission was to reintroduce certain megaherbivores , like
33-665: Is intersected by many defiles and ridge lines, rising from some 200 m a.s.l. in the south to 936 m a.s.l. The southern slopes are drained by various tributaries of the Sundays River , including the Kabouga, Uie, Wit and Krom rivers. Two passes cross the mountain from south to north, namely the Suurberg Pass and Olifantskop Pass . Oldenburgia grandis and the Suurberg cycad are striking plants that are endemic to
44-426: Is not herbivorization alone that is threatening the flora, but a number of other ecological factors including zoochory and nutrient cycling . Up to 77 species of South African endemic plant species have been listed as "vulnerable to elephant browsing." The Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area and Bird Island Marine Protected Area are associated with the park. In 2018 the highest visitor count in
55-580: The African bush elephant and eastern black rhinoceros , primary ecological efforts were made to preserve mammalian species. However, by overlooking the other contributors to this environmental chain, certain plant species have been subjected to overgrazing and trampling, mostly by the elephants of the park. This overgrazing and trampling not only destroys much of the plant life, but also forces it to adapt its physiology to stimuli that are not inherent to its evolutionary progress. Some biologists argue that it
66-490: The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park . The original section of the park was founded in 1931, in part due to the efforts of Sydney Skaife , in order to provide a sanctuary for the eleven remaining elephants in the area. The park has proved to be very successful and currently houses more than 600 elephants and a large number of other mammals. The original park has subsequently been expanded to include
77-521: The Woody Cape Nature Reserve that extends from the Sundays River mouth towards Alexandria and a marine reserve, which includes St. Croix Island and Bird Island , both breeding habitat for gannets and penguins , as well as a large variety of other marine life . Bird Island is home to the world's largest breeding colony of gannets - about 120,000 birds - and also hosts the second largest breeding colony of African penguins ,
88-578: The AENP is quite varied, and like all plant life, is a central factor to the ecological system in place. Several species of rare and endemic plants, particularly succulent shrubs and geophytes are native to the South African region within the AENP. Many species are under environmental pressure, however, and are facing possible extinction. The park is home to more than 600 elephants, 400 Cape buffaloes , over 48 endangered south-western black rhinoceros' (Diceros bicornis occidentalis) as well as
99-496: The largest breeding colony being St. Croix island. These marine assets form part of the plan to expand the 1,640 km Addo National Elephant Park into the 3,600 km Greater Addo Elephant National Park . The expanded park contains five of South Africa's seven major vegetation zones ( biomes ), and is also the only park to house Africa's "Big 7" ( elephant , rhinoceros , lion , buffalo , leopard , whale and great white shark ) in their natural habitat . The flora within
110-529: The mountain range and its vicinity. Artefacts discovered in the Melkhoutboom Cave are thought to be 15 000 years old. Addo Elephant National Park Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) is a diverse wildlife conservation park situated close to Gqeberha in South Africa and is one of the country's 20 national parks . It currently ranks third in size after Kruger National Park and
121-501: The park's 87-year history was recorded. The park received 305,510 visitors between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018 (up from 265,585 in the previous year). International visitors make up 55% of this number, with German , Dutch and British nationals in the majority. There is a main camp, featuring a swimming pool, restaurant, flood lit water hole and various accommodation, four other rest camps and four camps run by concessionaires. The main entrance as well as two looped tourist roads in
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