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80-473: The Sunday Sport is a British tabloid newspaper that was founded by David Sullivan in 1986. It mainly publishes images of topless female glamour models , and is well-known for publishing sensationalised, fictionalised, and satirical content, alongside celebrity gossip and sports coverage. It has changed from including legitimate journalism throughout its history. A sister title, the Daily Sport ,

160-464: A Compaction Simulator reduces the amount of powder required for product development. Tablet presses , also called tableting machines, range from small, inexpensive bench-top models that make one tablet at a time (single-station presses), with only around a half-ton pressure, to large, computerized, industrial models (multi-station rotary presses) that can make hundreds of thousands to millions of tablets an hour with much greater pressure. The tablet press

240-503: A Roman ship that wrecked in 140 BC. However, these tablets were meant to be pressed on the eyes, not swallowed. A caplet is a smooth, coated, oval-shaped medicinal tablet in the general shape of a capsule . Many caplets have an indentation running down the middle, so they may be split in half more easily. Consumers have viewed capsules as the most effective way to take medication ever since they first appeared. For this reason, producers of drugs such as OTC analgesics wanting to emphasize

320-464: A broadsheet. Its sister publication, Meia Hora has always been a tabloid, but in slightly smaller format than O Dia and Lance! . The more recent usage of the term 'tabloid' refers to weekly or semi-weekly newspapers in tabloid format. Many of these are essentially straightforward newspapers, publishing in tabloid format, because subway and bus commuters prefer to read smaller-size newspapers due to lack of space. These newspapers are distinguished from

400-436: A combination of simple failure and erosion tests, and more sophisticated engineering tests. The simpler tests are often used for quality control purposes, whereas the more complex tests are used during the design of the formulation and manufacturing process in the research and development phase. Standards for tablet properties are published in the various international pharmacopeias (USP/NF, EP, JP, etc.). The hardness of tablets

480-458: A crowded commuter bus or train . The term compact was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail , one of the earlier newspapers to make the change, although it now once again calls itself a tabloid. The purpose behind this was to avoid the association of the word tabloid with the flamboyant, salacious editorial style of the red top newspaper. The early converts from broadsheet format made

560-833: A dedicated Mumbai tabloid newspaper, Mumbai Mirror , which gives prominence to Mumbai-related stories and issues. Tehelka started as a news portal in 2000. It broke the story about match-fixing in Indian and International Cricket and the sting operation on defence deals in the Indian Army. In 2007, it closed shop and reappeared in tabloid form, and has been appreciated for its brand of investigative journalism. Other popular tabloid newspapers in English media are Mid-Day , an afternoon newspaper published out of and dedicated to Mumbai and business newspapers like MINT . There are numerous tabloids in most of India's official languages. There

640-406: A final lubrication step is used to ensure that the tableting blend does not stick to the equipment during the tableting process. This usually involves low shear blending of the granules with a powdered lubricant, such as magnesium stearate or stearic acid . Whatever process is used to make the tableting blend, the process of making a tablet by powder compaction is very similar. First, the powder

720-514: A higher percentage of fine granules, which can compromise the quality or create yield problems for the tablet. Dry granulation requires drugs or excipients with cohesive properties, and a 'dry binder' may need to be added to the formulation to facilitate the formation of granules. Hot melt extrusion is utilized in pharmaceutical solid oral dose processing to enable delivery of drugs with poor solubility and bioavailability . Hot melt extrusion has been shown to molecularly disperse poorly soluble drugs in

800-615: A laboratory machine called a Tablet Compaction Simulator or Powder Compaction Simulator. This is a computer controlled device that can measure the punch positions, punch pressures, friction forces, die wall pressures, and sometimes the tablet internal temperature during the compaction event. Numerous experiments with small quantities of different mixtures can be performed to optimise a formulation. Mathematically corrected punch motions can be programmed to simulate any type and model of production tablet press. Initial quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients are very expensive to produce, and using

880-538: A newspaper for the British Columbia market. The Canadian publisher Black Press publishes newspapers in the provinces of British Columbia and Alberta in both tabloid ( 10 + 1 ⁄ 4  in (260 mm) wide by 14 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (368 mm) deep) and what it calls "tall tab" format, where the latter is 10 + 1 ⁄ 4  in (260 mm) wide by 16 + 1 ⁄ 4  in (413 mm) deep, larger than tabloid but smaller than

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960-584: A paper that condensed stories into a simplified, easily absorbed format. The term preceded the 1918 reference to smaller sheet newspapers that contained the condensed stories. Tabloid newspapers, especially in the United Kingdom , vary widely in their target market, political alignment, editorial style, and circulation. Thus, various terms have been coined to describe the subtypes of this versatile paper format. There are, broadly, two main types of tabloid newspaper: red top and compact . The distinction

1040-401: A polymer carrier increasing dissolution rates and bioavailability. The process involves the application of heat, pressure and agitation to mix materials together and 'extrude' them through a die. Twin-screw high shear extruders blend materials and simultaneously break up particles. The extruded particles can then be blended and compressed into tablets or filled into capsules. After granulation,

1120-491: A remote control panel, a dehumidifier, and dust collectors. An explosion-proof design is required for applying coatings that contain alcohol. It is sometimes necessary to split tablets into halves or quarters. Tablets are easier to break accurately if scored, but there are devices called pill-splitters which cut unscored and scored tablets. Tablets with special coatings (for example, enteric coatings or controlled-release coatings) should not be broken before use, as this exposes

1200-462: A simple hypernym is needed to intuitively cover all such oral dosage forms, the broad sense of the word pill is also widely used and includes both tablets and capsules — colloquially, any solid oral form of medication falls into the "pill" category (see pill § Usage notes ). An early example of a pill comes from ancient Rome. They were made of zinc carbonates, hydrozincite and smithsonite . The pills were used for sore eyes and were found aboard

1280-557: Is Bulgar , but some are written in English, like the People's Journal and Tempo . Like their common journalistic connotations, Philippine tabloids usually report sensationalist crime stories and celebrity gossip, and some tabloids feature topless photos of girls. Several tabloids are vernacular counterparts of English broadsheet newspapers by the same publisher, like Pilipino Star Ngayon ( The Philippine Star ), Bandera ( Philippine Daily Inquirer ), and Balita ( Manila Bulletin ). In

1360-525: Is an all youth tabloid by the name of TILT – The ILIKE Times. In Indonesia, tabloids include Bola, GO (Gema Olahraga, defunct), Soccer (defunct), Fantasy (defunct), Buletin Sinetron (defunct), Pro TV (defunct), Citra (defunct), Genie , Bintang Indonesia (Indonesian Stars) , Nyata , Wanita Indonesia (Women of Indonesia), Cek and Ricek , and Nova . In Oman, TheWeek is a free, 48-page, all-colour, independent weekly published from Muscat in

1440-467: Is an essential piece of machinery for any pharmaceutical and nutraceutical manufacturer. Tablet presses must allow the operator to adjust the position of the lower and upper punches accurately, so that the tablet weight, thickness and density/hardness can each be controlled. This is achieved using a series of cams, rollers, or tracks that act on the tablet tooling (punches). Mechanical systems are also incorporated for die filling, and for ejecting and removing

1520-532: Is circulated mostly among blue-collar labourers . Compact tabloids, just like broadsheet - and Berliner -format newspapers, span the political spectrum from progressive to conservative and from capitalist to socialist . In Morocco , Maroc Soir , launched in November 2005, is published in tabloid format. In South Africa , the Bloemfontein-based daily newspaper Volksblad became

1600-496: Is desirable as it is quicker. There is less processing, equipment, labor, and energy consumption. However, DC is difficult when a formulation has a high content of poorly compressible active ingredients. Wet granulation is a process of using a liquid binder to lightly agglomerate the powder mixture. The amount of liquid has to be properly controlled, as over-wetting will cause the granules to be too hard and under-wetting will cause them to be too soft and friable. Aqueous solutions have

1680-611: Is filled into the die from above. The mass of powder is determined by the position of the lower punch in the die, the cross-sectional area of the die, and the powder density. At this stage, adjustments to the tablet weight are normally made by repositioning the lower punch. After die filling, the upper punch is lowered into the die and the powder is uniaxially compressed to a porosity of between 5 and 20%. The compression can take place in one or two stages (main compression, and, sometimes, pre-compression or tamping) and for commercial production occurs very fast (500–50 mg per tablet). Finally,

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1760-477: Is largely of editorial style; both red top and compact tabloids span the width of the political spectrum from socialism to capitalist conservatism , although red-top tabloids, on account of their historically working-class target market, generally embrace populism to some degree. Red top tabloids are so named due to their tendency, in British and Commonwealth usage, to have their mastheads printed in red ink;

1840-435: Is often used when the product to be granulated is sensitive to moisture and heat. Dry granulation can be conducted on a tablet press using slugging tooling or on a roll press called a roller compactor. Dry granulation equipment offers a wide range of pressures to attain proper densification and granule formation. Dry granulation is simpler than wet granulation, therefore the cost is reduced. However, dry granulation often produces

1920-399: Is the most commonly seen dosage form in use today. About two-thirds of all prescriptions are dispensed as solid dosage forms, and half of these are compressed tablets. A tablet can be formulated to deliver an accurate dosage to a specific site in the body; it is usually taken orally, but can be administered sublingually , buccally , rectally or intravaginally . The tablet is just one of

2000-761: Is the principal measure of mechanical strength. Hardness is tested using a tablet hardness tester . The units for hardness have evolved since the 1930s but are commonly measured in kilograms per square centimetre. Models of testers include the Monsanto (or Stokes) Hardness Tester from 1930, the Pfizer Hardness Tester from 1950, the Strong Cob Hardness Tester and the Heberlain (or Schleeniger) Hardness Tester. Lubricants prevent ingredients from clumping together and from sticking to

2080-651: The Boston Herald . US tabloids that ceased publication include Denver's Rocky Mountain News . In Australia , tabloids include The Advertiser , the Herald Sun , The Sun-Herald , The Daily Telegraph , The Courier Mail , The West Australian , The Mercury , the Hamilton Spectator , The Portland Observer , The Casterton News and The Melbourne Observer . In Argentina , one of

2160-413: The Daily Sport , launched in 1991. Livesey's 1998 book Babes, Booze, Orgies and Aliens: The Inside Story of Sport Newspapers offers an insider's perspective on the tabloid's first decade. The Sunday Sport capitalised on the popularity of The Sun ' s Page 3 feature by making sexualised content its primary focus. Topless glamour models were printed across multiple pages and a "nipple count"

2240-532: The Daily Star and the Daily Mirror . Although not using red mastheads, the Daily Mail and Daily Express also use the 'tabloid journalism' model. In contrast to red-top tabloids, compacts use an editorial style more closely associated with broadsheet newspapers. In fact, most compact tabloids formerly used the broadsheet paper size, but changed to accommodate reading in tight spaces, such as on

2320-994: The New York Post , the Daily News and Newsday in New York, the San Francisco Examiner , The Bakersfield Californian and La Opinión in California , The Jersey Journal and The Trentonian in New Jersey, the Philadelphia Daily News , the Delaware County Daily Times and The Citizens' Voice , The Burlington Free Press , The Oregonian , the Chicago Sun-Times , and

2400-555: The Advertising Standards Authority banned sexually explicit advertisements for chat lines from the back page of the Sunday Sport over concerns that children could easily see them. Tabloid (newspaper format) A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet . There is no standard size for this newspaper format . The word tabloid comes from the name given by

2480-607: The Berliner format (2008–2013) and now adopts a compact format with 32 pages during the week and 48 pages on Saturday. In Bangladesh , the Daily Manab Zamin became the first and is now the largest circulated Bengali language tabloid in the world. In Georgia , the weekly English-language newspaper The Financial switched to a compact format in 2005 and doubled the number of pages in each issue. Other Georgian-language newspapers have tested compact formats in

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2560-533: The London -based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to the compressed tablets they marketed as "Tabloid" pills in the late 1880s. The connotation of tabloid was soon applied to other small compressed items. A 1902 item in London's Westminster Gazette noted, "The proprietor intends to give in tabloid form all the news printed by other journals." Thus tabloid journalism in 1901, originally meant

2640-652: The Netherlands , several newspapers have started publishing tabloid versions of their newspapers, including one of the major 'quality' newspapers, NRC Handelsblad , with nrc•next (ceased 2021) in 2006. Two free tabloid newspapers were also introduced in the early 2000s, ' Metro and Sp!ts (ceased 2014), mostly for distribution in public transportation. In 2007, a third and fourth free tabloid appeared, ' De Pers ' (ceased 2012) and ' DAG ' (ceased 2008). De Telegraaf , came in broadsheet but changed to tabloid in 2014. In Norway , close to all newspapers have switched from

2720-537: The Nice Matin (or Le Dauphiné ), a popular Southern France newspaper changed from Broadsheet to Tabloid on 8 April 2006. They changed the printing format in one day after test results showed that 74% liked the Tabloid format compared to Broadsheet. But the most famous tabloid dealing with crime stories is Le Nouveau Détective , created in the early 20th century. This weekly tabloid has a national circulation. In

2800-484: The Southern Philippines , a new weekly tabloid, The Mindanao Examiner , now includes media services, such as photography and video production, into its line as a source to finance the high cost of printing and other expenses. It is also into independent film making. The Berliner format, used by many prominent European newspapers, is sized between the tabloid and the broadsheet. In a newspaper context,

2880-496: The Roman scholar Pliny, who lived from 23 to 79 AD, first gave a name to what we now call pills, calling them pilula . Pills have always been difficult to swallow, and efforts have been made to make them go down easier. In mediaeval times, people coated pills with slippery plant substances. Another approach, used as recently as the 19th century, was to gild them in gold and silver, although this often meant that they would pass through

2960-583: The Sultanate of Oman. Oman's first free newspaper was launched in March 2003 and has now gone on to gather what is believed to be the largest readership for any publication in Oman. Ms Mohana Prabhakar is the managing editor of the publication. TheWeek is audited by BPA Worldwide, which has certified its circulation as being a weekly average of 50,300. In Pakistan, Khabrain is a tabloid newspaper popular within

3040-416: The active ingredient of a tablet is sensitive to acid, or is irritant to the stomach lining, an enteric coating can be used, which is resistant to stomach acid, and dissolves in the less acidic area of the intestines. Enteric coatings are also used for medicines that can be negatively affected by taking a long time to reach the small intestine , where they are absorbed. Coatings are often chosen to control

3120-402: The advantage of being safer to deal with than solvent-based systems but may not be suitable for drugs which are degraded by hydrolysis. Low shear wet granulation processes use very simple mixing equipment, and can take a considerable time to achieve a uniformly mixed state. High shear wet granulation processes use equipment that mixes the powder and liquid at a very fast rate, and thus speeds up

3200-581: The black working class. It sells over 500,000 copies per day, reaching approximately 3,000,000 readers. Besides offering a sometimes satirical view of the seriousness of mainstream news, the Daily Sun also covers fringe theories and paranormal claims such as tikoloshes , ancestral visions and all things supernatural. It is also published as the Sunday Sun . In Mauritius , the popular afternoon newspaper Le Mauricien shifted from tabloid (1908–2008) to

3280-583: The broadsheet to the tabloid format, which measures 280 x 400 mm. The three biggest newspapers are Dagbladet , VG , and Aftenposten . In Poland , the newspaper Fakt , sometimes Super Express is considered as tabloid. In the United Kingdom, three previously broadsheet daily newspapers— The Times , The Scotsman and The Guardian —have switched to tabloid size in recent years, and two— Daily Express and Daily Mail —in former years, although The Times and The Scotsman call

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3360-764: The broadsheets it also publishes. In the United States , daily tabloids date back to the founding of the New York Daily News in 1919, followed by the New York Daily Mirror , and the New York Evening Graphic in the 1920s. Competition among those three for crime, sex and celebrity news was considered a scandal to the mainstream press of the day. The tabloid format is used by a number of respected and indeed prize-winning American papers. Prominent U.S. tabloids include

3440-603: The change in the 1970s; two British papers that took this step at the time were the Daily Mail and the Daily Express . In 2003, The Independent also made the change for the same reasons, quickly followed by The Scotsman and The Times . On the other hand, The Morning Star had always used the tabloid size, but stands in contrast to both the red top papers and the former broadsheets; although The Morning Star emphasizes hard news , it embraces socialism and

3520-523: The country's two main newspapers, Clarín , is a tabloid. In Brazil , many newspapers are tabloids, including sports daily Lance! (which circulates in cities such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo ), most publications currently and formerly owned by Grupo RBS (especially the Porto Alegre daily Zero Hora ), and, in March 2009, Rio de Janeiro-based O Dia switched to tabloid from broadsheet, though, several years later, it reverted to being

3600-453: The digestive tract with no effect. In the 1800s, sugar coating and gelatin coating were invented, as were gelatin capsules . In 1843, the British painter and inventor William Brockedon was granted a patent for a machine capable of "Shaping Pills, Lozenges, and Black Lead by Pressure in Dies". The device was capable of compressing powder into a tablet without the use of an adhesive. A pill

3680-465: The digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours to enhance taste; and pigments to make the tablets visually attractive or aid in visual identification of an unknown tablet. A polymer coating is often applied to make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow, to control the release rate of the active ingredient, to make it more resistant to the environment (extending its shelf life), or to enhance the tablet's appearance. Medicinal tablets were originally made in

3760-540: The disintegration time of the tablet coating and the tablet core, automatic disintegration testers are used which are able to determine the complete disintegration process of a tablet by measuring the rest height of the thickness with every upward stroke of the disintegration tester basket. There are two types of coating machines used in the pharmaceutical industry: coating pans and automatic coaters. Coating pans are used mostly to sugar coat pellets. Automatic coaters are used for all kinds of coatings; they can be equipped with

3840-554: The early 1990s. Tabloid journalism is still an evolving concept in India's print media. The first tabloid, Blitz was started by Russi Karanjia on February 1, 1941 with the words "Our Blitz, India's Blitz against Hitler !". Blitz was first published in English and then branched out with Hindi , Marathi and Urdu versions. In 1974, Russi's daughter Rita founded the Cine Blitz magazine. In 2005, Times of India brought out

3920-410: The first serious broadsheet newspaper to switch to tabloid, but only on Saturdays. Despite the format being popular with its readers, the newspaper remains broadsheet on weekdays. This is also true of Pietermaritzburg's daily, The Witness in the province of KwaZulu-Natal . The Daily Sun , published by Naspers , has since become South Africa's biggest-selling daily newspaper and is aimed primarily at

4000-582: The format " compact " to avoid the down-market connotation of the word tabloid . Similarly, when referring to the down-market tabloid newspapers the alternative term " red-top " (referring to their traditionally red-coloured mastheads) is increasingly used, to distinguish them from the up- and middle-market compact newspapers. The Morning Star also comes in tabloid format; however, it avoids celebrity stories, and instead favours issues relating to labour unions . In Canada many newspapers of Postmedia 's Sun brand are in tabloid format including The Province ,

4080-405: The greater the pressure applied during compression, and sometimes the harder the tablet. Tablets need to be hard enough that they do not break up in the bottle, yet friable enough that they disintegrate in the gastric tract. Tablets need to be strong enough to resist the stresses of packaging, shipping, and handling by the pharmacist and patient. The mechanical strength of tablets is assessed using

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4160-505: The handling of the tablet, must not make tablets stick together during the coating process, and must follow the fine contours of embossed characters or logos on tablets. Coatings are necessary for tablets that have an unpleasant taste, and a smoother finish makes large tablets easier to swallow. Tablet coatings are also useful to extend the shelf-life of components that are sensitive to moisture or oxidation. Special coatings (for example with pearlescent effects) can enhance brand recognition. If

4240-559: The late 2000s, it has since only become available in independent newsagents, and remains the only remaining British tabloid to feature glamour models and nudity. Founded by David Sullivan, the Sunday Sport first appeared on newsstands on 14 September 1986. It quickly became known for its outlandish and farcical content, with headlines such as "Adolf Hitler Was A Woman", "Aliens Turned Our Son Into A Fish Finger", and "Donkey Robs Bank". Its editors have included Michael Gabbert, Tony Livesey , Paul Carter, and Nick Appleyard. A sister daily title,

4320-485: The lower middle class. This news group introduced a new paper, Naya Akhbar which is comparably more sensational. At the local level, many sensational tabloids can be seen but, unlike Khabrain or other big national newspapers, they are distributed only on local levels in districts. Tabloids in the Philippines are usually written in local languages, like Tagalog or Bisaya , one of the listed top Tagalog tabloids

4400-399: The machine tooling used to produce them; a die plus an upper and a lower punch are required. This is called a station of tooling. The amount of tablet material and the placement of the punches in relation to one another during compression determine the thickness. Once this is done, we can measure the corresponding pressure applied during compression. The shorter the distance between the punches,

4480-400: The major daily newspapers, in that they purport to offer an "alternative" viewpoint, either in the sense that the paper's editors are more locally oriented, or that the paper is editorially independent from major media conglomerates. Other factors that distinguish "alternative" weekly tabloids from the major daily newspapers are their less-frequent publication, and that they are usually free to

4560-435: The manufacturing process. Fluid bed granulation is a multiple-step wet granulation process performed in the same vessel to pre-heat, granulate, and dry the powders. It is used because it allows close control of the granulation process. Dry granulation processes create granules by light compaction of the powder blend under low pressures. The compacts so-formed are broken up gently to produce granules (agglomerates). This process

4640-590: The many forms that an oral drug can take such as syrups , elixirs , suspensions , and emulsions . Pills are thought to date back to around 1500 BC. Earlier medical recipes, such as those from 4000 BC, were for liquid preparations rather than solids. The first references to pills were found on papyruses in ancient Egypt and contained bread dough, honey, or grease. Medicinal ingredients, such as plant powders or spices, were mixed in and formed by hand to make little balls, or pills. In ancient Greece, such medicines were known as katapotia ("something to be swallowed"), and

4720-514: The new owner, Sport Media Group, withdrawing the titles from the newspaper industry's monthly circulation audit in 2009. In the same year, Sullivan stepped in to save Sport Media Group with a £1.68 million loan. The company entered administration on 1 April 2011, at which point publisher Richard Desmond refused to continue printing the titles because of outstanding debts. The Sunday Sport returned to newsstands several weeks later on 8 May 2011, after Sullivan reacquired it for £50,000. The Daily Sport

4800-664: The newspapers will draw their advertising revenue from different types of businesses or services. An upmarket weekly's advertisers are often organic grocers, boutiques, and theatre companies while a downmarket's may have those of trade schools, supermarkets, and the sex industry. Both usually contain ads from local bars, auto dealers, movie theaters, and a classified ads section. Tablet (pharmacy) Tablets are prepared either by moulding or by compression . The excipients can include diluents , binders or granulating agents, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting; disintegrants to promote tablet break-up in

4880-435: The personal lives of celebrities and sports stars, and junk food news . Celebrity gossip columns which appear in red top tabloids and focus on their sexual practices , misuse of narcotics , and the private aspects of their lives often border on, and sometimes cross the line of defamation . Red tops tend to be written with a simplistic, straightforward vocabulary and grammar; their layout usually gives greater prominence to

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4960-460: The picture than to the word. The writing style of red top tabloids is often accused of sensationalism and extreme political bias; red tops have been accused of deliberately igniting controversy and selectively reporting on attention-grabbing stories, or those with shock value . In the extreme case, tabloids have been accused of lying or misrepresenting the truth to increase circulation. Examples of British red top newspapers include The Sun ,

5040-438: The rate of dissolution of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract. Some drugs are absorbed better in certain parts of the digestive system. If this part is the stomach, a coating is selected that dissolves quickly and easily in acid. If the rate of absorption is best in the large intestine or colon, a coating is used that is acid resistant and dissolves slowly to ensure that the tablet reaches that point before dispersing. To measure

5120-580: The same API dose is delivered with each tablet. Some APIs may be compressed into tablets as pure substances, but this is rarely the case; most formulations include pharmacologically inactive ingredients ( excipients ): Tablets can be made in virtually any shape, although the requirements of patients and tableting machines mean that most are round, oval, or capsule-shaped. More unusual shapes have been manufactured, but patients find these harder to swallow, and they are more vulnerable to chipping or manufacturing problems. Tablet diameter and shape are determined by

5200-400: The shape of a disk of whatever colour their components determined, but are now made in many shapes and colours to help distinguish different medicines. Tablets are often imprinted with symbols, letters, and numbers, which allow them to be identified, or a groove to allow splitting by hand. Sizes of tablets to be swallowed range from a few millimetres to about a centimetre. The compressed tablet

5280-448: The strength of their product developed the "caplet", a portmanteau of capsule-shaped tablet , in order to tie this positive association to more efficiently produced tablet pills as well as being an easier-to-swallow shape than the usual disk-shaped tablet. An orally disintegrating tablet or orodispersible tablet (ODT), is a drug dosage form available for a limited range of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications. In

5360-645: The tablet pressing process, the appropriate amount of active ingredient must be in each tablet. Hence, all the ingredients should be well mixed. If a sufficiently homogenous mix of the components cannot be obtained with simple blending processes, the ingredients must be granulated prior to compression to assure an even distribution of the active compound in the final tablet. Two basic techniques are used to granulate powders for compression into tablets: wet granulation and dry granulation. Powders that can be mixed well do not require granulation and can be compressed into tablets through direct compression ("DC"). Direct compression

5440-426: The tablet punches or capsule filling machine. Lubricants also ensure that tablet formation and ejection can occur with low friction between the solid and die wall, as well as between granules, which helps in uniform filling of the die. Common minerals like talc or silica, and fats, e.g. vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate or stearic acid are the most frequently used lubricants in tablets or hard gelatin capsules. In

5520-565: The tablet weight, thickness and hardness. Due to efforts to reduce rejects rates and machine down-time, automated tablet testing devices are used on-line with the tablet press or off-line in the IPC-labs. Many tablets today are coated after being pressed. Although sugar-coating was popular in the past, the process has many drawbacks. Modern tablet coatings are polymer and polysaccharide based, with plasticizers and pigments included. Tablet coatings must be stable and strong enough to survive

5600-440: The tablet-pressing process, it is important that all ingredients be fairly dry, powdered or granular, somewhat uniform in particle size, and freely flowing. Mixed particle sized powders may separate outsegregate during manufacture due to their different densities. This can result in tablets with poor drug or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content uniformity, but granulation should prevent this. Content uniformity ensures that

5680-586: The tablets from the press after compression. Pharmaceutical tablet presses are required to be easy to clean and quick to reconfigure with different tooling, because they are usually used to manufacture many different products. There are two main standards of tablet tooling used in pharmaceutical industry: American standard TSM and European standard EU. TSM and EU configurations are similar to each other but cannot be interchanged. Modern tablet presses reach output volumes of up to 1,700,000 tablets per hour. These huge volumes require frequent in-process quality control for

5760-521: The term Berliner is generally used only to describe size, not to refer to other qualities of the publication. The biggest tabloid (and newspaper in general) in Europe, by circulation, is Germany's Bild , with around 2.5 million copies (down from above 5 million in the 1980s). Although its paper size is bigger, its style was copied from the British tabloids. In Denmark , tabloids in the British sense are known as 'formiddagsblade' (before-noon newspapers),

5840-445: The term compact was coined to avoid the connotation of the word tabloid , which implies a red top tabloid, and has lent its name to tabloid journalism , which is journalism after the fashion of red top reporters. Red top tabloids, named after their distinguishing red mastheads , employ a form of writing known as tabloid journalism ; this style emphasizes features such as sensational crime stories, astrology, gossip columns about

5920-512: The two biggest being BT and Ekstra Bladet . The old more serious newspaper Berlingske Tidende shifted from broadsheet to tabloid format in 2006, while keeping the news profile intact. In Finland , the biggest newspaper and biggest daily subscription newspaper in the Nordic countries Helsingin Sanomat changed its size from broadsheet to tabloid on 8 January 2013. In France ,

6000-459: The upper punch is pulled up and out of the die (decompression), and the tablet is ejected from the die by lifting the lower punch until its upper surface is flush with the top face of the die. This process is repeated for each tablet. Common problems encountered during tablet manufacturing operations include: Consequently, permanent consistency checks are required during the manufacturing process. Tablet formulations are designed and tested using

6080-487: The user, since they rely on ad revenue. Alternative weekly tabloids may concentrate on local and neighbourhood-level issues, and on entertainment in bars, theatres, or other such venues. Alternative tabloids can be positioned as upmarket (quality) newspapers, to appeal to the better-educated, higher-income sector of the market; as middle-market (popular); or as downmarket (sensational) newspapers, which emphasize sensational crime stories and celebrity gossip. In each case,

6160-444: Was originally defined as a small, round, solid pharmaceutical oral dosage form of medication. The word's etymology reflects the historical concepts of grinding the ingredients with a mortar and pestle and rolling the resultant paste or dough into lumps to be dried. Today, in its strict sense, the word pill still refers specifically to tablets (including caplets) rather than capsules (which were invented much later), but because

6240-565: Was published from 1991 to 2011, when it ceased publication and went online-only, under separate ownership. Currently as of January 2024, the tabloid publishes three times a week as the Sunday Sport (Sundays), the Midweek Sport (Wednesdays), and the Weekend Sport (Fridays). The tabloid was previously available in mainstream retailers such as Tesco and The Co-op . However following the decline of Lads' mags and Page 3 from

6320-559: Was published to highlight how many exposed breasts the issue featured. The tabloid courted controversy by featuring 15-year-old aspiring glamour models in scantily clad poses, counting down the days until it could legally show them topless on their 16th birthdays, as it did with Linsey Dawn McKenzie and Hannah Claydon , among others. The Sunday Sport 's circulation reached an all-time high of 167,473 in 2005, and Sullivan sold his Sunday Sport and Daily Sport titles in 2007 for £40 million. Circulation declined markedly thereafter, with

6400-549: Was sold off separately to Grant Miller. Sullivan's new company, Sunday Sport (2011) Limited, continued to publish the Sunday Sport as a single weekly title until 2013, when it added a Wednesday edition, the Midweek Sport . The paper currently appears three times a week as the Sunday Sport (Sundays), the Midweek Sport (Wednesdays), and the Weekend Sport (Fridays). The tabloid contains extensive advertising for sexual services, mainly adult telephone chat lines. In 2016,

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