91-656: The Sunshine Coast Region is a local government area located in the Sunshine Coast region of South East Queensland , Australia, from which it takes its name. It was created by the amalgamation in 2008 of the City of Caloundra and the Shires of Maroochy and Noosa . It contains 4,194 kilometres (2,606 mi) of roads, 211 kilometres (131 mi) of coastline and a population of 351,424 in January 2021. The budget for
182-510: A mobile library service visiting Beerburrum , Bli Bli , Buderim , Caloundra West (Bellvista), Conondale , Eudlo , Eumundi , Glass House Mountains , Little Mountain , Montville , Mooloolah Valley , Mooloolaba (Parkhaven), Mount Coolum , Mountain Creek , Pacific Paradise , Palmwoods , Parklands , Peachester , Pelican Waters , Peregian Springs , Sippy Downs (Chancellor Park) and Yandina . The Sunshine Coast University Hospital
273-588: A unitary authority , but the Australian Bureau of Statistics refers to the whole of the ACT as an unincorporated area. The ACT Government directorate Transport Canberra & City Services handles responsibilities that are under the purview of local government in other parts of Australia, such as local road maintenance, libraries and waste collection. Many Canberra districts have community organisations called "community councils", but these are not part of
364-705: A Gympie campus before taking over a Fraser Coast campus from the University of Southern Queensland in 2016. The university also operates an education and research facility at Dilli Village on Fraser Island . The university's geographical expansion continued in 2018 with the transfer of the Queensland University of Technology's Caboolture campus to UniSC's control. The move into the region just north of Brisbane preceded UniSC's greenfield development of Moreton Bay's first full-scale university campus at Petrie, which opened in 2020. Since its inception,
455-761: A Noosa campus. The Sunshine Coast has many varied denomination, private and public primary and secondary schools (see List of schools in Sunshine Coast ). The Lexis English group, providing English classes to international students, has a campus in Maroochydore, while Lexis TESOL Training Centres provides teacher training programs such as the Cambridge CELTA and TESOL . The Sunshine Coast Regional Council operates libraries at Beerwah , Buddina (Kawana), Caloundra , Coolum Beach , Kenilworth , Maleny , Maroochydore and Nambour . It also operates
546-552: A four-year term. A deputy mayor is selected by council, also for a four-year term. From the region's founding in 2008 to 31 December 2013, there were 12 divisions. Divisions 11 and 12 were abolished with the de-amalgamation of the Shire of Noosa . The current council, elected in 2020 , is: As of March 2016, the Sunshine Coast Region has the following sister cities : As of March 2016, the Sunshine Coast Region has
637-591: A geographic or historical interpretation. The council board members are generally known as councillors , and the head councillor is called the mayor . As of August 2016, there were 547 local councils in Australia. Despite the single tier of local governance in Australia, there are a number of extensive regions with relatively low populations that are not a part of any established LGA. Powers of local governments in these unincorporated areas may be exercised by special-purpose governing bodies established outside of
728-545: A larger workload. The growth of the Regional Organisations of Councils has also been a factor in local government reform in Australia. In 1995, there were 50 such agreements across the country. A 2002 study identified 55 ROCs with the largest involving 18 councils. Local government powers are determined by state governments, and states have primary responsibility for funding and exclusive responsibility for supervision of local councils. Local government
819-558: A negative response from some students and staff. Of the university's 2,400 parking spaces, approximately 450 (located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the centre of campus) remain as free parking. Some of the parking has solar canopies, which along with campus roofs supply 2.1 MW of solar electricity (5 GWh/year). The power is also used to cool 4.5 million liters of water for air conditioning, estimated to save AU$ 100 million over 25 years. The Sippy Downs campus in Sippy Downs, Queensland
910-403: A shift from 'services to property' towards 'services to people'. Community expectations of local government in Australia have risen in the 21st century partly as a result of wider participation in decision-making and transparent management practices. Recent years have seen some State governments devolving additional powers onto LGAs. In Queensland and Western Australia LGAs have been granted
1001-464: Is a national agency that operates independently of governments and the higher education sector. The report commended UniSC for "its significant achievements since inception" and awarded UniSC commendations for the quality of the university's learning and teaching, student support services, workplace integrated learning program and degree approval process. The Headstart Program – a program allowing Year 11 and 12 school students to study one or more courses at
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#17327721665751092-575: Is also produced from a newsroom in Maroochydore, but broadcasts from studios in Wollongong . The Sunshine Coast region is served by commercial, community and government radio stations. Commercial stations 91.9 Sea FM and 92.7 Mix FM are owned and operated by the EON Broadcasting, one of Australia's last independent broadcasters. Rival commercial operator Grant Broadcasters runs 91.1 Hot FM and Zinc96. The Government-owned ABC services
1183-403: Is generally run by a council , and its territory of public administration is referred to generically by the Australian Bureau of Statistics as the local government area or LGA , each of which encompasses multiple suburbs or localities (roughly equivalent to neighborhoods) often of different postcodes ; however, stylised terms such as "city", " borough ", " region " and " shire " also have
1274-603: Is listed on the Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students . In the 2020 Student Experience Survey, UniSC was ranked within the top five universities in Australia for teaching quality, and in the top six for the overall student experience. The first discussions about a university for the Sunshine Coast region began in 1973. In 1989, the Australian Federal Government approved its establishment. On 1 July 1994
1365-603: Is located at Caloundra. There are several newspapers which cover the Sunshine Coast region. Sunshine Coast Daily is published Monday to Saturday by APN News & Media . Free distribution weekly community newspapers published by APN include: Buderim Chronicle , Caloundra Weekly , Coolum & North Shore News , Kawana Weekly , Nambour Weekly , and Range News . Independent weekly newspapers include Glasshouse Country News and Hinterland Times . While much of traditional media has an online presence there has also arisen media organisations that are exclusively online. View News
1456-531: Is mentioned in the annotated Australian constitution, as a department of the State Governments, and they are mentioned in the constitutions of each of the six states. Under the Constitution, the federal government cannot provide funding directly to local governments; a 1974 referendum sought to amend the Constitution to authorise the federal government to directly fund local governments, but it
1547-585: Is one such organisation operating a news site for the Sunshine Coast concentrating on local news from the various Sunshine Coast communities. Sunshine Coast is served by publicly owned television services ( ABC TV ), ( SBS ) Television and three commercial television stations ( Seven Queensland , WIN Television and 10 ), which are the regional affiliates of the Seven, Nine and Ten network stations in Brisbane. Both sets of commercial stations are available throughout
1638-447: Is part of a local government area. Unincorporated areas are often in remote locations, cover vast areas, or have very small populations. Queensland and Tasmania are entirely partitioned into LGAs and have no unincorporated areas. The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has no municipalities. The ACT government is responsible for both state-level and local-level matters. In some countries, such an arrangement would be referred to as
1729-504: Is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state/territory it belongs to. The functions and practices of local councils are mostly centered around managing public services and land uses at the community level, and are similar throughout Australia, but can vary to some degree between jurisdictions. State departments oversee the activities of local councils and may intervene in their affairs when needed, subject to relevant legislation. For more details in each state and territory, see
1820-590: Is the City of Brisbane , the most populous LGA in the country, which administers a significant part of the Brisbane metropolitan area . In most cases, when a city's population statistics are used, it is the statistical division population rather than the local government area. The following table provides a summary of local government areas by states and territories by local government area types as of December 2023: The Australian Classification of Local Governments (ACLG) categorises local governing authorities using
1911-954: Is the region's major hospital located in Birtinya , which opened in April 2017. The region's previous major hospital located in Nambour will be downsized and renovated, however it still operates as the coast's secondary hospital. Services remaining in Nambour General Hospital include emergency, cancer care, same-day and elective surgery, general medicine inpatient services, renal dialysis, outpatient services, medical imaging, pharmacy, diabetes services, oral health, allied health, mental health and breastcreen. There are smaller hospitals located in Caloundra and Maleny but, due to limited facilities at those hospitals, most cases are referred to
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#17327721665752002-636: Is the university’s primary campus with 12,724 students in 2021. It is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Brisbane on a 100-hectare flora and fauna reserve, and borders the Mooloolah River National Park . The site was previously a sugar cane farm, at the geographical heart of the Sunshine Coast and its shires, close to the Bruce Highway and other major transport routes. The buildings on campus have received 30 awards for planning, architecture and construction. In 2000,
2093-576: The Bruce Highway . The Nicklin Way and Sunshine Motorway are the major arterial roads, which pass through most major areas of the Sunshine Coast. Many intercity and interstate coach operators also operate daily bus services to Brisbane using the major corridors. The Sunshine Coast is a growing region, and has a variety of transport modes including train , local bus services , ferry and the Sunshine Coast Airport . However, in recent years
2184-745: The Divisional Boards Act 1879 , most of the area was part of the Caboolture Division , while the northernmost part around Noosa was part of the Widgee Division centred on Gympie . The Maroochy Division split away from Caboolture on 5 July 1890. All three divisions became Shires on 31 July 1903 under the Local Authorities Act 1902 . In 1910, the Shire of Noosa split from Widgee, and on 22 February 1912
2275-664: The Local Government Act does not mandate adopting a designation, some local government areas are legally known simply as "council", such as Port Macquarie-Hastings Council , Inner West Council and Federation Council . Some rural areas in South Australia are known as "district council", and all the LGAs in Tasmania that were previously municipalities have been renamed "council". Almost all local councils have
2366-593: The Outback Communities Authority . Victoria has a number of unincorporated areas which are not part of any LGA: Western Australia has two unincorporated areas: University of the Sunshine Coast The University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC; formerly abbreviated as USC until 2022) is a public university based on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland , Australia. After opening with 524 students in 1996 as
2457-735: The Pastoral Unincorporated Area in South Australia . Local governments are subdivisions of the six federated states as well as the Northern Territory . The Australian Capital Territory has no separate local government, and municipal functions in Canberra and the surrounding regions (normally performed by local governments in other states) are performed by the ACT territorial government. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), however, considers
2548-750: The Queensland Cup rugby league competition while the Sunshine Coast Fire FC compete in the National Premier Leagues Queensland Football competition. The Sunshine Coast has numerous golf links , including Headland Golf Club (Buderim), Pelican Waters, Pacific Harbour, Twin Waters, Palmer Coolum Resort (previously Hyatt Regency Coolum), Mount Coolum, Beerwah, Maleny, Cooroy, Caloundra and Maroochy River. The Sunshine Coast Regional Tennis Centre
2639-915: The Sunshine Coast University College , it was later renamed the University of the Sunshine Coast in 1999. The university has a flagship campus at Sippy Downs on the Sunshine Coast, with more campuses at Hervey Bay on the Fraser Coast , Gympie , and Caboolture . In 2020, USC opened a full-service campus at Petrie in Moreton Bay . Undergraduate and postgraduate (coursework and higher degree by research) programs are available, with study areas divided across five schools: business and creative industries; education and tertiary access; health; law and society; and science, technology and engineering . The university
2730-604: The Sunshine Coast University Hospital (SCUH). In August 2010, construction started on a $ 5 million semi-industrial shared space facility for engineering and paramedic science students. This opened in May 2011 and has specialised equipment and large, open spaces suitable for medical emergency simulations and a wide variety of engineering tests and experiments. It also has several laboratories and tutorial rooms. In November 2010, construction started on
2821-805: The Top End region, the Northern Territory Rates Act Area and Darwin Waterfront Precinct within Darwin , Nhulunbuy on the Gove Peninsula , Alyangula on Groote Eylandt , and Yulara in Central Australia . In South Australia , 63% of the state's area is unincorporated. Residents in this area – less than 0.2% of the state's population – receive municipal services provided by a state agency,
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2912-535: The Translink public transport system. These buses connect the suburbs and localities within the Caloundra, Maroochydore and Noosa areas. Sunshine Coast Council operates zero-fare bus services throughout the coast to surrounding suburbs and major park and ride stations during the peak summer holiday period. Sunshine Coast Stadium is located at Kawana Waters and is home to the region's sporting teams in statewide competitions. The Sunshine Coast Falcons compete in
3003-590: The 2012 funding round announced in November 2011: Other 2011 ARC funding: The University of the Sunshine Coast Gallery hosts a range of exhibitions focusing on contemporary art and design. The annual exhibition program includes: The gallery is in the heart of the university campus, with more than half of the annual attendance being educational visitors (UniSC students and staff, U3A, TAFE, primary and high school students). In 2013, UniSC opened
3094-546: The 2020–2021 financial year totals A$ 782 million including $ 243 million for Capital Works. On 1 January 2014, the Shire of Noosa was re-established independent of the Sunshine Coast Regional Council. In the 2021 census , the Sunshine Coast Region had a population of 342,541 people. Gubbi Gubbi (Kabi Kabi, Cabbee, Carbi, Gabi Gabi) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Gubbi Gubbi country. The Gubbi Gubbi language region includes
3185-557: The 4th largest population of any local government area in Australia (following the City of Brisbane , City of Gold Coast and City of Moreton Bay ). In 2012, a proposal was made to de-amalgamate the Shire of Noosa from the Sunshine Coast Region. On 9 March 2013, Noosa residents voted to de-amalgamate Noosa from the Sunshine Coast Council. On 18 March 2013, the Sunshine Coast Regional Council decided its new planning scheme should not apply to those areas that were part of
3276-527: The Constitution relating to local government were unsuccessful. Every state/territory government recognises local government in its own respective constitution . Unlike the two-tier local government system in Canada or the United States , there is only one tier of local government in each Australian state/territory, with no distinction between counties and cities . The Australian local government
3367-651: The Employer Satisfaction Survey, UniSC scored above the national average in five of the six focus areas, including a 100 percent score for foundation skills, 90.3 percent for adaptability, 90.9 percent for collaboration, 96.8 percent for technical skills, 93.1 percent for employability, and 78.8 percent for overall satisfaction. In 2007 the Australian Universities Quality Agency (AUQA) audited UniSC as part of their assessment of all Australian universities. AUQA
3458-625: The Innovation Centre has supported the start-up and growth of around 80 businesses, mainly in ICT, cleantech and creative industry sectors. UniSC has consistently received high rankings from independent agencies for areas such as teaching quality and overall student experience. In the Good Universities Guide, UniSC received five stars for teaching quality, marking 15 consecutive years the university received top marks in
3549-724: The Queensland Parliament passed the Sunshine Coast University College Act 1994 . The university was established in 1994, opening in 1996 as the Sunshine Coast University College. The University of the Sunshine Coast Act 1998 was passed in Queensland Parliament on 19 November of that year, legislating the independent status of the university. The university changed to its current name of
3640-457: The SCUH. A number of private hospitals exist throughout the region, most notably the 'Sunshine Coast Private Hospital' at Buderim, Caloundra Private Hospital (formerly known as Andrea Ahern) at Caloundra, Selangor Hospital at Nambour, the recently established Kawana Private Hospital. The car is the predominant mode of transport for Sunshine Coast residents, with the region connected to Brisbane via
3731-561: The Shire of Landsborough split from Caboolture. The two new entities together with Maroochy were to remain fairly stable for almost 100 years. On 19 December 1987, the Shire of Landsborough was granted City status, and was renamed the City of Caloundra, reflecting the population boom in the coastal section of the City. In July 2007, the Local Government Reform Commission released its report and recommended that
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3822-526: The Sunshine Coast Hinterland, with buses connecting to the coastal strip. Further north of the Nambour station, commuter trains operate to Gympie twice per day. Landsborough and Nambour railway stations also serve as a gateway to Queensland's network of long-distance trains, providing access to destinations including Rockhampton , Townsville and Cairns . Bus Bus services are operated by Kinetic Group , which operates under
3913-597: The Sunshine Coast to receive the commercial Brisbane stations. Subscription television services Foxtel and Austar are also available. All three main commercial networks produce local news coverage – Seven Queensland and WIN Television both air 30-minute local news bulletins at 6pm each weeknight. Southern Cross 10 airs short news updates of 10 News First. Seven's bulletin is produced and broadcast from studios in Maroochydore , from where six sister local news programs for regional Queensland also originate. WIN News
4004-604: The Sunshine Coast. The University of the Sunshine Coast has one subsidiary company – Innovation Centre Sunshine Coast Pty Ltd. At the northern end of the campus, this is the first stage of a planned technology park precinct for Sippy Downs. The Innovation Centre comprises a business incubator for start-up technology businesses and a business accelerator for established technology, knowledge-based, and professional service firms. The Innovation Centre provides serviced office space, high speed optical fibre Internet connection, business development coaching and support. As of July 2010,
4095-424: The Sunshine Coast. Other channels include 10 Bold , 10 Peach , 10 Shake , Sky News Regional (regional only), ABC TV Plus / ABC Kids , ABC Me , ABC News , SBS World Movies , SBS Viceland , SBS Food , NITV , SBS WorldWatch , 7two , 7mate , 7Bravo , 7flix , 9Gem , 9Go! , 9Rush & 9Life . The Sunshine Coast is also in the television broadcast licence areas of Brisbane (metro), enabling most areas of
4186-742: The University of the Sunshine Coast (USC; UniSC from July 2022) in 1999. It was created by the Australian Government to serve the growing population of the Sunshine Coast region, north of Brisbane , in Queensland. The University of the Sunshine Coast is the first greenfield university established in Australia since 1971. The inaugural vice-chancellor was Paul Thomas , AM , who took office with effect from 1 January 1996, having spent an earlier period as planning president. UniSC's second vice-chancellor, Professor Greg Hill AO, took over from Professor Thomas AM in 2011 after starting at
4277-480: The University of the Sunshine Coast has worked to develop an art collection focusing on contemporary Australian art with an emphasis on Queensland artists. Many of these works can be viewed throughout the university campus. The university collection includes several sculptures in public spaces on the campus. The university's collection of contemporary Australian Art includes one of the most significant collections of Western and Central Desert Australian Aboriginal Art on
4368-678: The University of the Sunshine Coast's research output. The database ensures the research output of the university is accessible to local, national and international communities. In June 2011 the university was announced as one of 12 projects to receive Australian government funding under the Collaborative Research Networks (CRN) program. In the period 2011 to 2014 the university will receive $ 5.45 million to fund research in water, sustainability, forestry and aquaculture. The university received two Australian Research Council Discovery grants, worth more than $ 1 million, in
4459-436: The academic policies of the university, monitors the academic activities of the university's faculties, and promotes and encourages scholarship and research at the university. The University of the Sunshine Coast's research focus is on healthy people and a healthy planet. The University has two research institutes and five centres broadly aligned around these themes. They are: The UniSC Research Bank provides open access to
4550-527: The amalgamation, and the Commission itself noted that the bulk of statewide individual submissions came from this region reflecting a "depth of feeling" regarding the issue. On 15 March 2008, the City and two Shires formally ceased to exist, and elections were held on the same day to elect twelve councillors and a mayor to the Regional Council. In the 2011 census , the Sunshine Coast Region had
4641-646: The area. The University of the Sunshine Coast 's Innovation Centre acts as an incubator startup companies, as does the Spark Bureau. The University site at Sippy Downs is designated as a 'Knowledge Hub' as part of the Queensland Government's South East Queensland Regional Infrastructure Plan and is master planned as Australia's first university town based on the UK models with the potential for over 6,000 workers in knowledge-based businesses. Sippy Downs
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#17327721665754732-483: The arena has been the home stadium for National Netball League team Sunshine Coast Lightning . The arena has a seating capacity of 2,200 and features broadcasting facilities and several corporate boxes. As a result of growing demand for the Lightning amongst the public, the venue was upgraded to 3,000 seats and also featured new change rooms, a function room, public bathrooms and an improved sound system; all of which
4823-538: The category. The 2021 edition of the Guide also awarded UniSC five stars for overall student experience for the ninth consecutive year and learning resources for the fifth consecutive year. The 2021 edition also saw UniSC awarded five stars for skills development, social equity, and first generation. In the Quality Indicators for Learning and Teaching's (QILT) 2020 Student Experience Survey, UniSC scored above
4914-559: The chancellor presiding over council meetings. The council has 19 members including the chancellor drawn from the university staff, student body and wider community. The current chancellor of the university is Air Chief Marshal Sir Angus Houston , a retired senior officer of the Royal Australian Air Force. The academic board is the university's senior academic body. It advises the council concerning teaching, scholarship and research matters, formulates proposals for
5005-453: The entire ACT as an " unincorporated " local government area, even though it is technically a state-level administrative region . Although all essentially identical in functions and jurisdictions, Australian local governments have a variety of different titles. The term "local government area" (LGA) is used by the ABS to collectively refer to all local government administrative zones regardless of
5096-504: The first half of the 20th century was the provision of physical infrastructure such as roads, bridges and sewerage. From the 1970s the emphasis changed to community facilities such as libraries and parks, maintenance of local roads, town planning and development approvals, and local services such as waste disposal. Child care, tourism and urban renewal were also beginning to be part of local governments' role. These are financed by collection of local land taxes known as "rates", and grants from
5187-448: The first time. Significant reforms took place in the 1980s and 1990s in which state governments used metrics and efficiency analysis developed within the private sector in the local government arena. Each state conducted an inquiry into the benefits of council amalgamations during the 1990s. In the early 1990s, Victoria saw the number of local councils reduced from 210 to 78. South Australia, Tasmania and Queensland saw some reductions in
5278-424: The following friendship cities : Local government in Australia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Local government is the third level of government in Australia , administered with limited autonomy under the states and territories , and in turn beneath the federal government . Local government is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia , and two referendums in 1974 and 1988 to alter
5369-415: The following: The Australian Capital Territory is not divided into local government areas, so it is regarded as a single "unincorporated" local government area during censusing . Unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. Aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of Australia
5460-483: The former Noosa Shire (different attitudes to planning and developments having been a major objection by residents of Noosa Shire to the amalgamation). The Shire of Noosa Shire was re-established on 1 January 2014. The populations given relate to the component entities prior to 2008. The 2016 census, did not include the Shire of Noosa 's census figures. The Sunshine Coast economy is dominated by two sectors – Healthcare (including age-care) and Retail, which provide 30% of
5551-445: The government (though they generally receive government funding). They do not have the power to change laws or policies, and their role is limited to advising government. They are effectively residents' associations . New South Wales has three unincorporated areas: In the Northern Territory , 1.47% of the total area and 3.0% of the population are in unincorporated areas. These include the Cox-Daly and Marrakai-Douglas Daly areas in
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#17327721665755642-448: The landscape within the local government boundaries of the Sunshine Coast Region and Gympie Region , particularly the towns of Caloundra , Noosa Heads , Gympie and extending north towards Maryborough and south to Caboolture . Prior to 2008, the new Sunshine Coast Region was an entire area of three previous and distinct local government areas: At the establishment of regional local government in Queensland on 11 November 1879 with
5733-720: The local council has been looking at more reliant, high quality public transport options to create a 'transport spin' on the Sunshine Coast with the Maroochydore railway line and Sunshine Coast Light Rail proposed. Plane Flights from the Sunshine Coast depart from Sunshine Coast Airport , which is located 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Maroochydore in Marcoola , and fly direct to Sydney, Melbourne. Adelaide and Auckland with Jetstar , Virgin Australia , Qantas and Air New Zealand . Rail Queensland Rail 's Sunshine Coast railway line operate interurban services daily, with most trains running express between Caboolture and Bowen Hills stations. The train lines run through
5824-444: The local legislation, as with Victoria 's alpine resorts ; or directly administered by state/territory governments, such as the entirety of the Australian Capital Territory . The administrative area covered by local government councils in Australia ranges from as small as 1.5 km (0.58 sq mi) for the Shire of Peppermint Grove in the Perth metropolitan region , to as big as 624,339 km (241,059 sq mi) for
5915-490: The main living spaces. Many complexes also mix the residents between local and international students for a well engaged cross cultural experience. University of the Sunshine Coast is serviced by Translink bus routes, operated by Kinetic Group . Services depart to Caloundra, Nambour, Maroochydore and Kawana, with connecting services to Noosa at Maroochydore's Sunshine Plaza interchange, and connecting to rail services at Landsborough Station . Services enter and depart from
6006-429: The mayor is elected by the board of fellow councillors . The powers of mayors vary as well; for example, mayors in Queensland have broad executive functions, whereas mayors in New South Wales are essentially ceremonial figureheads who can only exercise power at the discretion of the council. Most of the capital city LGAs administer only the central business districts and nearby central suburbs . A notable exception
6097-509: The names of LGAs, and today the stylised titles of " town ", " borough ", " municipality ", " district ", " region ", "community government", " Aboriginal council/shire" and "island" are used in addition. The word "municipality" occurs in some states with differing meanings: in New South Wales it is typically used for older urban areas, and the word is used for some rural towns in South Australia . Larger towns and small metropolitan exurban centres in Queensland and Western Australia simply use
6188-649: The number of local governments while Western Australia and New South Wales rejected compulsory mergers. New South Wales eventually forced the merging of some councils. The main purpose of amalgamating councils was for greater efficiency and to improve operations, but forced amalgamation of councils is sometimes seen as a dilution of representative democracy . An increase in the range of services offered by councils, but only minor cost savings of less than 10% have been noted by academics as outcomes after mergers. The council mergers have resulted in widespread job losses and lingering resentment from some whose roles have experienced
6279-427: The part of local governments. There is no mention of local government in the Constitution of Australia , though it is mentioned several times in the Annotated Constitution of Australia. "Municipal institutions and local government" appears in Annotation 447, and "Power of the Parliament of a Colony" appears under "Residuary Legislative Powers" on pages 935 and 936. The first official local government in Australia
6370-760: The population, the population density and the proportion of the population that is classified as being urban for the council. The classification, at the two-digit level, is: All local governments are approximately equal in their theoretical powers, although LGAs that encompass large cities such as Brisbane and the Gold Coast command more resources due to their larger population base. Unlike local governments in many other countries, services such as police, fire protection and schools are provided by respective state or territory governments rather than by local councils. However, local governments still maintain some responsibility for fire service functions within Queensland and Western Australia. The councils' chief responsibility in
6461-414: The power to independently enact their own local subsidiary legislation , in contrast to the previous system of by-laws . Councils also have organised their own representative structures such as Local Government Associations and Regional Organisations of Councils . Doctrines of New Public Management have shaped state government legislation towards increased freedoms aiming to allow greater flexibility on
6552-538: The purpose of raising money to build roads in rural and outer-urban regions. Council representatives attended conventions before Federation , however local government was unquestionably regarded as outside the Constitutional realm. In the 1970s, the Whitlam government expanded the level of funding to local governments in Australia beyond grants for road construction. General purpose grants become available for
6643-404: The region with 90.3 ABC Coast FM and ABC NewsRadio on 94.5 FM, Triple J on 89.5 FM and ABC Classic FM on 88.7 FM. Many community access stations, as well as some Brisbane stations, can also be received. Sunshine Coast Regional Council is divided into 10 wards (divisions), each represented by one councillor, plus an elected mayor who represents the entire region. The council is elected for
6734-408: The regional employment. Other significant areas are accommodation and food services, education, construction, manufacturing and professional services. Efforts are being made to diversify the regional economy by the Sunshine Coast Regional Council. Local educational institutions, government and community groups have funded a number of initiatives to encourage entrepreneurial and innovative businesses to
6825-408: The same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their naming, and retain a particular designation ("shire", "borough", "town", "city") for historical reasons only. They will typically have an elected council and usually a mayor or shire president responsible for chairing meetings of the council. In some councils, the mayor is a directly elected figure, but in most cases
6916-421: The sector average in all six student experience areas. The university scored 80.9 percent for teaching quality, placing it in the top five universities in Australia for this ranking. For overall student experience, UniSC scored 73 percent, placing it in the top six for the focus area. For learning resources, UniSC scored 80.6 percent; for skills development, 79 percent; and for student, 78.9 percent. Likewise, for
7007-493: The state and Commonwealth governments. They are caricatured as being concerned only with the "three Rs": Rates, Roads and Rubbish. However, the roles of local government areas in Australia have recently expanded as higher levels of government have devolved activities to the third tier. Examples include the provision of community health services, regional airports and pollution control as well as community safety and accessible transport. The changes in services has been described as
7098-621: The term "town", while in Victoria they are designated as "rural city". Historically, the word "borough" was common for small towns and suburban centers in Victoria, but nowadays only the Borough of Queenscliffe remains as the one and only borough in the entire country. New South Wales and Queensland have also introduced a new term "region" for outback LGAs formed by the amalgamation of smaller shires and rural cities. In New South Wales, where
7189-414: The three local governments amalgamate. While it noted all three were "functioning councils with moderate to strong financial performance", it argued that they covered a self-contained region in a geographic, social and economic sense and that the advantages of coordinated planning in a high-growth area and the avoidance of duplication of facilities were arguments in favour of amalgamation. The councils opposed
7280-433: The university in 2005 as deputy vice-chancellor. He stayed in the role until August 2020 when Professor Helen Bartlett joined as the university's third vice-chancellor. Justice Gerald “Tony” Fitzgerald was the university's inaugural chancellor, followed by pastoralist Ian Kennedy, AO, who was UniSC's second chancellor. Air Chief Marshal Sir Angus Houston AK, AFC (Ret'd) became the university's fourth chancellor when he
7371-661: The university opened three new buildings, the A$ 12 million science building, the A$ 13 million chancellery and the A$ 10 million indoor sports stadium. A year later, Federal Treasurer Wayne Swan opened the A$ 13 million Health and Sport Centre, which has testing and research laboratories, a gymnasium and public psychology clinic. Medical training is also carried out at the Sunshine Coast Health Institute (SCHI) and
7462-493: The university pool complex, which includes a 50m heated Olympic swimming pool for research and community use. The complex was officially opened on 19 October 2011, by Queensland Sport Minister Phil Reeves. Funding for the $ 2.1 million project was provided by the Queensland State Government , the university, community donations, and through in-kind support. The University Council is the governing body with
7553-643: The university received the Royal Australian Institute of Architects President's Award, and in 1997 the Library was awarded the Sir Zelman Cowen Award for Public Buildings. All buildings on campus focus on environmentally sustainable design to suit the subtropical climate of the Sunshine Coast. Buildings have been designed for passive lighting and natural ventilation to minimise the use of non-renewable energy. In 2007,
7644-530: The university was one of 99 organisations nationally and one of 10 in Queensland to earn an Employer of Choice for Women citation. The citations are awarded annually by the federal government's Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency (EOWA). It has received the citation for six consecutive years to 2010. The university features UniSC Arena , an indoor arena used often for netball matches and other sporting activities. Since February 2017
7735-550: The university, while still completing secondary school – and Global Opportunities Program – the university's study abroad were also acknowledged in the assessment. The university's Global Opportunities Program received an award from the Queensland government at the Celebrating International Education and Training Industry Showcase in August 2007 for promoting internationalisation. In March 2008,
7826-501: The varying designations, whilst the local governing legislature itself is generally known as a council . In general, an urban / suburban LGA is called a " city ", as in the City of Melbourne , City of Canada Bay and City of Bunbury ; while an exurban / rural LGA covering a larger agricultural / natural area is usually called a " shire ", as in Shire of Mornington Peninsula , Shire of Banana and Lachlan Shire . Sometimes designations other than "city" or "shire" are used in
7917-404: Was appointed to the role in 2017 after John Dobson OAM retired from the position. Sir Angus remains the university's current chancellor. The student body has grown consistently since the university opened in 1996 with an intake of 524 students. In 2020, UniSC had 18,150 students enrolled. The university introduced paid parking at its Sippy Downs campus from February 2013, a move that garnered
8008-788: Was completed in May 2019. Three student accommodation complexes are next to the campus in Chancellor Park. Varsity Apartments, UniCentral and The Village are privately owned and operated. All are within walking distance of the campus, linked by pedestrian pathways. Each accommodation complex has furnished apartments, some with Internet connection. The general layout in an apartment is a shared kitchen and living room, with four single bedrooms, each with its own bathroom and toilet. The complexes are gated and have barbecues, pools and outdoor sports courts (such as tennis/basketball and volleyball). Many of these units are shared units, however each student has his/her own bedroom and bathroom, only sharing
8099-539: Was defeated. A 1988 referendum sought to explicitly insert mention of local government in the federal constitution but this was comprehensively defeated. A further referendum was proposed in 2013 , but was cancelled due to the change in the election date . Federal government interaction with local councils happens regularly through the provision of federal grants to help fund local government managed projects. Local government in Australia has very limited legislative powers and no judicial powers , and executive -wise
8190-646: Was highlighted as an 'Innovation Hotspot' in July 2010, by top European Business magazine CNBC Business, with the potential to be 'Australia's no-worries-answer to Silicon Valley '. The Sunshine Coast's major university is the University of the Sunshine Coast with its main campus at Sippy Downs . Central Queensland University also has a campus in Noosa . TAFE Queensland services the Sunshine Coast and Wide Bay regions through TAFE East Coast, with three Sunshine Coast campuses at Mooloolaba, Maroochydore and Nambour as well as
8281-621: Was the Perth Town Trust , established in 1838, only three years after British settlement. The Adelaide Corporation followed, created by the province of South Australia in October 1840. The City of Melbourne and the Sydney Corporation followed, both in 1842. All of these early forms failed; it was not until the 1860s and 1870s that the various colonies established widespread stable forms of local government, mainly for
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